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1.
Cell Transplant ; 33: 9636897241243014, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38659255

RESUMO

Stress-induced islet graft loss during the peri-transplantation period reduces the efficacy of islet transplantation. In this prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial, we evaluated the safety and efficacy of 60 mg/kg human alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) or placebo infusion weekly for four doses beginning before surgery in chronic pancreatitis (CP) patients undergoing total pancreatectomy and islet autotransplantation (TP-IAT). Subjects were followed for 12 months post-TP-IAT. The dose of AAT was safe, as there was no difference in the types and severity of adverse events in participants from both groups. There were some biochemical signals of treatment effect with a higher oxygen consumption rate in AAT islets before transplantation and a lower serum C-peptide (an indicator of islet death) in the AAT group at 15 min after islet infusion. Findings per the statistical analysis plan using a modified intention to treat analysis showed no difference in the C-peptide area under the curve (AUC) following a mixed meal tolerance test at 12 months post-TP-IAT. There was no difference in the secondary and exploratory outcomes. Although AAT therapy did not show improvement in C-peptide AUC in this study, AAT therapy is safe in CP patients and there are experiences gained on optimal clinical trial design in this challenging disease.


Assuntos
Transplante das Ilhotas Pancreáticas , Pancreatectomia , Pancreatite Crônica , Transplante Autólogo , alfa 1-Antitripsina , Humanos , Transplante das Ilhotas Pancreáticas/métodos , Pancreatite Crônica/cirurgia , Pancreatite Crônica/terapia , alfa 1-Antitripsina/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Feminino , Pancreatectomia/métodos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Transplante Autólogo/métodos , Adulto , Método Duplo-Cego , Peptídeo C/sangue , Peptídeo C/metabolismo , Estudos Prospectivos
4.
Pulm Pharmacol Ther ; 83: 102265, 2023 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37923165

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: The recommended standard dose for α1-proteinase inhibitor (A1PI) augmentation therapy is 60 mg/kg once-weekly (QW) intravenous (IV) infusions that aim to maintain systemic A1PI levels >11 µM, the biochemical efficacy threshold, in patients with α1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD). However, this standard dose may not be optimal for all patients. Body weight-based dosing, alternative dosing regimens, and treatment interruption periods were evaluated using population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) modeling and simulations. METHODS: A nonlinear mixed-effects PopPK model with covariate effects was developed using data from 3 clinical studies investigating 60 mg/kg QW IV A1PI infusions in patients with AATD (n = 65) to evaluate A1PI pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics. Model-based simulations were conducted for predefined body weight categories, alternative dosing regimens (60-180 mg/kg QW or once every 2 weeks [Q2W]), and treatment interruption periods ranging from 3 to 14 days. RESULTS: A1PI PK characteristics were well described by a 2-compartment turnover model with zero-order input and linear elimination. Body weight was a statistically significant determinant of variability in central volume of distribution. Model-based simulations suggested that patients with a higher body weight may attain the 11 µM threshold quicker than patients with a lower body weight and that QW dosing was better at maintaining A1PI levels >11 µM, even when higher Q2W doses were administered. Missing a dose for as few as 3 days could result in A1PI levels <11 µM. DISCUSSION: Findings suggest that doses higher than 60 mg/kg administered QW might be more clinically beneficial in some patients with AATD, and that body weight should be considered in dose optimization.


Assuntos
Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina , alfa 1-Antitripsina , Humanos , alfa 1-Antitripsina/uso terapêutico , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/tratamento farmacológico , Peso Corporal , Peptídeo Hidrolases
6.
Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis ; 18: 1691-1700, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37559832

RESUMO

Purpose: Administration of exogenous alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) is the only specific therapy for the management of pulmonary morbidity in patients with AAT deficiency. It requires weekly or biweekly intravenous infusions, which may impact patient independence and quality of life. Self-administration of AAT therapy is an alternative to reduce the burden for patients who require AAT therapy. We presented herein experts' recommendations for the implementation of a program for the self-administration of AAT. Methods: This project was conducted using a modified nominal group technique and was undertaken in two online meetings involving the participation of 25 experts: specialists in pulmonology (n=17), nurses (n=5) and hospital pharmacists (n=3). Results: The following issues were discussed, and several recommendations were agreed upon on the following topics: a) patient profile and clinical evaluation, establishing selection criteria that should include clinical as well as social criteria; b) role of health care professionals, suggested roles for specialists in pulmonology, nurses, and hospital pharmacists; c) training by the nurse, including recommendations before initiating the training and the content of the training sessions; and d) logistic issues and follow-up, adherence, and patient support. Conclusion: We expect this proposal to increase awareness of this therapeutic alternative and facilitate the implementation of self-administration programs, thus contributing to optimizing the patient experience with AAT therapy. Further research on the outcomes of these programs, especially from the patient perspective, will also help to improve their design and implementation.


Assuntos
Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina , Humanos , Qualidade de Vida , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , alfa 1-Antitripsina/uso terapêutico , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/diagnóstico , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/tratamento farmacológico , Infusões Intravenosas
7.
Am J Respir Crit Care Med ; 208(9): 964-974, 2023 11 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37624745

RESUMO

Rationale: Intravenous plasma-purified alpha-1 antitrypsin (IV-AAT) has been used as therapy for alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) since 1987. Previous trials (RAPID and RAPID-OLE) demonstrated efficacy in preserving computed tomography of lung density but no effect on FEV1. This observational study evaluated 615 people with severe AATD from three countries with socialized health care (Ireland, Switzerland, and Austria), where access to standard medical care was equal but access to IV-AAT was not. Objectives: To assess the real-world longitudinal effects of IV-AAT. Methods: Pulmonary function and mortality data were utilized to perform longitudinal analyses on registry participants with severe AATD. Measurements and Main Results: IV-AAT confers a survival benefit in severe AATD (P < 0.001). We uncovered two distinct AATD phenotypes based on an initial respiratory diagnosis: lung index and non-lung index. Lung indexes demonstrated a more rapid FEV1 decline between the ages of 20 and 50 and subsequently entered a plateau phase of minimal decline from 50 onward. Consequentially, IV-AAT had no effect on FEV1 decline, except in patients with a Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) stage 2 lung index. Conclusions: This real-world study demonstrates a survival advantage from IV-AAT. This improved survival is largely decoupled from FEV1 decline. The observation that patients with severe AATD fall into two major phenotypes has implications for clinical trial design where FEV1 is a primary endpoint. Recruits into trials are typically older lung indexes entering the plateau phase and, therefore, unlikely to show spirometric benefits. IV-AAT attenuates spirometric decline in lung indexes in GOLD stage 2, a spirometric group commonly outside current IV-AAT commencement recommendations.


Assuntos
Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina , Adulto , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , alfa 1-Antitripsina/uso terapêutico , alfa 1-Antitripsina/genética , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/complicações , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/diagnóstico , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/tratamento farmacológico , Pulmão , Fenótipo , Sistema de Registros
8.
Québec; INESSS; juil. 2023.
Não convencional em Francês | BRISA/RedTESA | ID: biblio-1511260

RESUMO

MANDAT: À la demande du fabricant Takeda Canada Inc., l'Institut national d'excellence en santé et en services sociaux (INESSS) a procédé à l'évaluation du produit du système du sang GlassiaMC, un inhibiteur de l'alpha1-protéinase humain. Au Canada, GlassiaMC est indiqué pour le traitement d'augmentation et d'entretien de longue durée chez les adultes présentant un emphysème cliniquement manifeste attribuable à un déficit héréditaire sévère en inhibiteur de l'alpha1-protéinase (AAT), aussi appelé déficit en alpha1- antitrypsine (AAT). L'indication demandée à l'INESSS est la même. L'INESSS a réalisé les évaluations des produits ProlastinMC-C Liquid, ZemairaMC et GlassiaMC, tous des alpha1-antitrypsine plasmatiques humains, en simultané. Les avis pour ces 3 produits sont publiés au même moment. DÉMARCHE: d'évaluation Une revue des données issues de la littérature et de celles fournies par le fabricant a été réalisée afin de documenter l'efficacité, l'innocuité et l'efficience de GlassiaMC. Des données contextuelles et expérientielles issues de la consultation sont également présentées. Des analyses d'efficience et d'impact budgétaire ont été élaborées par l'INESSS. DIMENSION: populationnelle Le déficit en inhibiteur de l'alpha1-protéinase, ou déficit en alpha1-antitrypsine (DAAT), est une condition génétique rare à présentation variable qui peut entraîner des symptômes pulmonaires (emphysème, bronchite chronique et bronchectasie) et hépatiques sévères et dont la progression est souvent lente. En raison des manifestations cliniques hétérogènes et souvent tardives et de la découverte de nouveaux variants pathogéniques associés à la maladie, le DAAT est une condition sous-diagnostiquée. Les traitements usuels visent l'atténuation des symptômes respiratoires et incluent les médicaments inhalés, la réhabilitation pulmonaire et, pour certains patients, la thérapie d'augmentation qui consiste en l'administration intraveineuse hebdomadaire d'alpha1-antitrypsine (AAT) dérivé du plasma. La thérapie d'augmentation a comme objectif de ralentir la progression de l'emphysème chez les individus atteints d'un DAAT. Présentement, seul le produit ProlastinMC-C est disponible au Québec et son remboursement public n'est possible que par la mesure du patient d'exception. Des traitements qui interrompent ou ralentissent la progression de l'emphysème et la détérioration des fonctions pulmonaires et hépatiques répondraient aux besoins de santé actuels, surtout s'ils permettaient d'améliorer la qualité de vie des individus atteints et de leurs proches. Une facilitation du processus d'accès à la thérapie d'augmentation est également souhaitable. EFFICACITÉ: Chez les individus atteints de DAAT, le produit d'AAT plasmatique humain GlassiaMC est considéré comme bioéquivalent au ProlastinMC puisqu'il affiche un profil pharmacocinétique comparable à ce dernier. Aucune donnée sur la capacité de GlassiaMC à ralentir la progression de l'emphysème chez les individus atteints d'un DAAT n'a été soumise par le fabricant ou répertoriée dans la littérature. Innocuité. Le profil d'innocuité de GlassiaMC est jugé acceptable et comparable à celui du ProlastinMC. Dimension organisationnelle: La couverture des AAT plasmatiques humains est présentement réalisée par la RAMQ via la mesure du patient d'exception et les régimes d'assurance privés. Dorénavant, les AAT plasmatiques devront être inscrits à la Liste des produits du système du sang du Québec et remporter un appel d'offres d'Héma-Québec pour pouvoir être distribués. Lors de ce changement de gestion, il serait prudent d'éviter les interruptions de traitement et minimiser les conséquences qui pourraient s'y lier. DIMENSION ÉCONOMIQUE: Analyse d'efficience: Au prix soumis, GlassiaMC permettrait des économies de XX $ par semaine comparativement à Prolastin-CMC, dont l'efficience n'a pas été évaluée avant cette présente évaluation. Analyse d'impact budgétaire: Advenant l'ajout de GlassiaMC à la Liste des produits du système du sang du Québec, une augmentation du nombre de patients peut être attendue en raison des patients utilisant actuellement ProlastinMC-C à travers le régime privé d'assurance médicaments qui poursuivraient leur traitement par inhibiteur d'AAT à travers le régime public. Cette hausse de personnes couvertes par le système public (XX %) se traduirait par des coûts supplémentaires estimés à plus de 8 M$ sur 3 ans. Dimension socioculturelle Le Québec s'est doté en 2022 d'une politique visant à optimiser l'accès à des soins et à des services de santé de qualité qui sont adaptés aux besoins particuliers des patients atteints de maladies rares, et culturellement sensibles. Certains experts apprécient que le Québec soit à l'avant-garde pour la prise en charge de plusieurs maladies rares, dont le DAAT, par rapport à d'autres provinces canadiennes.


Assuntos
Humanos , alfa 1-Antitripsina/uso terapêutico , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/tratamento farmacológico , Enfisema/tratamento farmacológico , Avaliação em Saúde/economia , Eficácia
9.
J Pharm Biomed Anal ; 229: 115376, 2023 May 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37011552

RESUMO

Imbalances between proteases and protease inhibitors have been associated with several pathological conditions including emphysema as seen in α1-antitrypsin deficiency. For this pathological condition, unimpeded neutrophil elastase activity has been ascribed a pivotal role in the destruction of lung tissue and thus in disease progression. Therefore, low, or non-quantifiable neutrophil elastase (NE) activity levels determined in bronchoalveolar lavage solutions indicate the success of α1-antitrypsin (AAT) augmentation therapy as NE activity will be erased. To overcome the known limitations of available elastase activity assays regarding sensitivity and selectivity, we developed a new elastase activity assay, which fundamentally relies on the highly specific complex formation between AAT and active elastase. Plate-bound AAT captured active elastase from the sample undergoing complex formation, followed by the immunological detection of human NE. This assay principle facilitated the measurement of low pM amounts of active human NE. The data of the assay performance check demonstrated adequate accuracy and precision profiles meeting currently accepted best practices for this activity assay, which can be classified as a ligand-binding assay. Furthermore, spike-recovery studies at low human NE levels, carried out for three human bronchoalveolar samples, resulted in recoveries within the 100 ± 20% range, while good linearity and parallelism of the samples' dilution-response curves was observed. Altogether, complemented by the data of selectivity and robustness studies and the accuracy and precision profile obtained in buffer, this newly developed human NE activity assay was demonstrated to perform accurately and precisely in clinically relevant samples.


Assuntos
Elastase de Leucócito , alfa 1-Antitripsina , Humanos , alfa 1-Antitripsina/farmacologia , alfa 1-Antitripsina/uso terapêutico , Pulmão , Inibidores de Proteases , Neutrófilos
11.
Expert Rev Respir Med ; 17(3): 191-202, 2023 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36896570

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), a common hereditary disorder affecting mainly lungs, liver and skin has been the focus of some of the most exciting therapeutic approaches in medicine in the past 5 years. In this review, we discuss the therapies presently available for the different manifestations of AATD and new therapies in the pipeline. AREAS COVERED: We review therapeutic options for the individual lung, liver and skin manifestations of AATD along with approaches which aim to treat all three. Along with this renewed interest in treating AATD come challenges. How is AAT best delivered to the lung? What is the desired level of AAT in the circulation and lungs which therapeutics should aim to provide? Will treating the liver disease increase the potential for lung disease? Are there treatments to target the underlying genetic defect with the potential to prevent all aspects of AATDrelated disease? EXPERT OPINION: With a relatively small population able to participate in clinical studies, increased awareness and diagnosis of AATD is urgently needed. Better, more sensitive clinical parameters will assist in the generation of acceptable and robust evidence of therapeutic effect for current and emerging treatments.


Assuntos
Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina , alfa 1-Antitripsina , Humanos , alfa 1-Antitripsina/genética , alfa 1-Antitripsina/uso terapêutico , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/diagnóstico , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/genética , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/terapia , Pulmão
12.
Expert Opin Biol Ther ; 23(3): 283-291, 2023 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36825473

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Altering the human genetic code has been explored since the early 1990s as a definitive answer for the treatment of monogenic and acquired diseases which do not respond to conventional therapies. In Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD) the proper synthesis and secretion of alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) protein is impaired, leading to its toxic hepatic accumulation along with its pulmonary insufficiency, which is associated with parenchymal proteolytic destruction. Because AATD is caused by mutations in a single gene whose correction alone would normalize the mutant phenotype, it has become a popular target for both augmentation gene therapy and gene editing. Although gene therapy products are already a reality for the treatment of some pathologies, such as inherited retinal dystrophy and spinal muscular atrophy, AATD-related pulmonary and, especially, liver diseases still lack effective therapeutic options. AREAS COVERED: Here, we review the course, challenges, and achievements of AATD gene therapy as well as update on new strategies being developed. EXPERT OPINION: Reaching safe and clinically effective expression of the AAT is currently the greatest challenge for AATD gene therapy. The improvement and emergence of technologies that use gene introduction, silencing and correction hold promise for the treatment of AATD.


Assuntos
Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina , Humanos , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/genética , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/patologia , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/terapia , alfa 1-Antitripsina/genética , alfa 1-Antitripsina/metabolismo , alfa 1-Antitripsina/uso terapêutico , Pulmão/patologia , Edição de Genes , Terapia Genética
13.
J Leukoc Biol ; 113(1): 58-70, 2023 01 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36822165

RESUMO

Rodent models of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pulmonary inflammation are used for anti-inflammatory drug testing. We aimed to characterize mice responses to aerosolized LPS alone or with intraperitoneal (i.p.) delivery of alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT). Balb/c mice were exposed to clean air or aerosolized LPS (0.21 mg/mL) for 10 min per day, for 3 d. One hour after each challenge, animals were treated i.p. with saline or with (4 mg/kg body weight) one of the AAT preparations: native (AAT), oxidized (oxAAT), recombinant (recAAT), or peptide of AAT (C-36). Experiments were terminated 6 h after the last dose of AATs. Transcriptome data of mice lungs exposed to clean air versus LPS revealed 656 differentially expressed genes and 155 significant gene ontology terms, including neutrophil migration and toll-like receptor signaling pathways. Concordantly, mice inhaling LPS showed higher bronchoalveolar lavage fluid neutrophil counts and levels of myeloperoxidase, inducible nitric oxide synthase, IL-1ß, TNFα, KC, IL-6, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Plasma inflammatory markers did not increase. After i.p. application of AATs, about 1% to 2% of proteins reached the lungs but, except for GM-CSF, none of the proteins significantly influenced inflammatory markers. All AATs and C-36 significantly inhibited LPS-induced GM-CSF release. Surprisingly, only oxAAT decreased the expression of several LPS-induced inflammatory genes, such as Cxcl3, Cd14, Il1b, Nfkb1, and Nfkb2, in lung tissues. According to lung transcriptome data, oxAAT mostly affected genes related to transcriptional regulation while native AAT or recAAT affected genes of inflammatory pathways. Hence, we present a feasible mice model of local lung inflammation induced via aerosolized LPS that can be useful for systemic drug testing.


Assuntos
Fator Estimulador de Colônias de Granulócitos e Macrófagos , Pneumonia , alfa 1-Antitripsina , Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Líquido da Lavagem Broncoalveolar , Fator Estimulador de Colônias de Granulócitos e Macrófagos/metabolismo , Lipopolissacarídeos/efeitos adversos , Pulmão/metabolismo , Pneumonia/induzido quimicamente , Pneumonia/tratamento farmacológico , alfa 1-Antitripsina/uso terapêutico
14.
Acta Med Port ; 36(1): 49-54, 2023 Jan 02.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35848753

RESUMO

Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency is an inherited autosomal codominant disorder, which predisposes patients to lung and/or liver disease. Even though it is considered rare, it is one of the most frequent genetic disorders worldwide, albeit remaining underdiagnosed. Several organizations and societies, including the Portuguese Society of Pulmonology have been elaborating guidelines and recommendations for the diagnosis and management of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency. Nevertheless, some important matters are yet to be included in those, mainly due to lack of robust scientific evidence, and continue to represent a point of discussion. This article reviews some important scientific publications and expresses the perspectives of a group of Portuguese experts regarding the management of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, namely in terms of the pre and neonatal diagnosis, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the validity of replacement therapy in lung transplant-receiving, and finally, alternative strategies of alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency treatment to improve the patients' quality of life.


A deficiência de alfa 1-antitripsina é uma doença hereditária autossómica codominante que aumenta a predisposição para o desenvolvimento de doença pulmonar e/ou hepática. Esta doença, embora seja considerada rara, é um dos distúrbios genéticos mais comuns em todo o mundo. Contudo, atualmente ainda constitui uma doença subdiagnosticada. Várias organizações e sociedades, incluindo a Sociedade Portuguesa de Pneumologia, elaboraram recomendações e diretrizes para o diagnóstico e gestão da deficiência de alfa 1-antitripsina. Porém, estes documentos ainda não abordam alguns temas relevantes associados à gestão da deficiência de alfa 1-antitripsina, principalmente devido à falta de robustez na evidência científica, que continuam a representar um ponto de discussão entre a comunidade médica. Neste artigo é feita a revisão de publicações científicas relevantes acerca da deficiência de alfa 1-antitripsina, e são descritas as perspetivas de especialistas portugueses sobre a gestão da deficiência de alfa 1-antitripsina, nomeadamente ao nível do diagnóstico pré e neonatal, do impacto da pandemia COVID-19, da validação da terapêutica de aumento em doentes que receberam um transplante pulmonar e, por fim, estratégias alternativas para a melhoria do tratamento da deficiência de alfa 1-antitripsina de modo a promover a qualidade de vida dos doentes.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina , Recém-Nascido , Humanos , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/diagnóstico , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/genética , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/terapia , alfa 1-Antitripsina/genética , alfa 1-Antitripsina/uso terapêutico , Pandemias , Qualidade de Vida
15.
Québec; INESSS; 2023.
Não convencional em Francês | BRISA/RedTESA | ID: biblio-1510886

RESUMO

MANDAT: À la demande du fabricant Grifols Therapeutics Inc., l'Institut national d'excellence en santé et en services sociaux (INESSS) a procédé à l'évaluation du produit du système du sang ProlastinMC-C Liquid, un inhibiteur de l'alpha1-protéinase humain hautement purifié qui s'administre par voie intraveineuse. Au Canada, ProlastinMC-C Liquid est indiqué pour le traitement de substitution chronique chez les personnes atteintes d'un déficit congénital en inhibiteur de l'alpha1-protéinase (déficit en alpha1-antitrypsine) lié aux génotypes PiZZ, PiZ (nul), Pi (nul)(nul), PiSZ, ou tout autre allèle entraînant un déficit, et présentant un emphysème sur le plan clinique. L'indication visée pour cette évaluation est la suivante : pour le traitement du déficit en alpha1-antitrypsine lié aux génotypes PiZZ, PiZ (nul), Pi (nul)(nul), PiSZ, ou tout autre allèle entraînant un déficit, chez les patients adultes présentant un emphysème sur le plan clinique ET un taux en alpha1- antitrypsine ≤ 11 umol/L ET un VEMS de 25 à 80 %. L'INESSS a réalisé les évaluations des produits ProlastinMC-C Liquid, ZemairaMC et GlassiaMC, tous des alpha1-antitrypsine plasmatiques humains, en simultané. Les avis pour ces 3 produits sont publiés au même moment. DÉMARCHE D'ÉVALUATION: Une revue des données issues de la littérature et de celles fournies par le fabricant a été réalisée afin de documenter l'efficacité, l'innocuité et l'efficience de ProlastinMC-C Liquid ainsi que les formulations précédentes ProlastinMC et ProlastinMC-C. Des données contextuelles et expérientielles issues de la consultation sont également présentées. Des analyses d'efficience et d'impact budgétaire ont été élaborées par l'INESSS. DIMENSION POPULATIONNELLE Le déficit en inhibiteur de l'alpha1-protéinase, ou déficit en alpha1-antitrypsine (DAAT), est une condition génétique rare à présentation variable qui peut entraîner des symptômes pulmonaires (emphysème, bronchite chronique et bronchectasie) et hépatiques sévères et dont la progression est souvent lente. En raison des manifestations cliniques hétérogènes et souvent tardives et de la découverte de nouveaux variants pathogéniques associés à la maladie, le DAAT est une condition sous-diagnostiquée. Les traitements usuels visent l'atténuation des symptômes respiratoires et incluent les médicaments inhalés, la réhabilitation pulmonaire et, pour certains patients, la thérapie d'augmentation qui consiste en l'administration intraveineuse hebdomadaire d'alpha1-antitrypsine (AAT) dérivé du plasma. La thérapie d'augmentation a comme objectif de ralentir la progression de l'emphysème chez les individus atteints d'un DAAT. Présentement, seul le produit ProlastinMC-C est disponible au Québec et son remboursement public n'est possible que par la mesure du patient d'exception. Des traitements qui interrompent ou ralentissent la progression de l'emphysème et la détérioration des fonctions pulmonaires et hépatiques répondraient aux besoins de santé actuels, surtout s'ils permettaient d'améliorer la qualité de vie des individus atteints et de leurs proches. Une facilitation du processus d'accès à la thérapie d'augmentation est également souhaitable. DIMENSION CLINIQUE: L'évaluation de la valeur thérapeutique de ProlastinMC-C Liquid a été basée sur 1 essai contrôlé à répartition aléatoire (étude EXACTLE) et 2 études de bioéquivalence entre ProlastinMC, ProlastinMC-C et ProlastinMC-C Liquid. DIMENSION ORGANISATIONNELLE: La couverture des AAT plasmatiques humains est présentement réalisée par la RAMQ par la mesure du patient d'exception et les régimes d'assurance privés. Dorénavant, les AAT plasmatiques devront être inscrits à la Liste des produits du système du sang du Québec et remporter un appel d'offres d'Héma-Québec pour pouvoir être distribués. Lors de ce changement de gestion, il serait prudent d'éviter les interruptions de traitement et minimiser les conséquences qui pourraient s'y lier. DIMENSION SOCIOCULTURELLE: Le Québec s'est doté en 2022 d'une politique visant à optimiser l'accès à des soins et à des services de santé de qualité qui sont adaptés aux besoins particuliers des patients atteints de maladies rares, et culturellement sensibles. Certains experts apprécient que le Québec soit à l'avant-garde pour la prise en charge de plusieurs maladies rares, dont le DAAT, par rapport à d'autres provinces canadiennes.


Assuntos
Humanos , alfa 1-Antitripsina/uso terapêutico , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/tratamento farmacológico , Enfisema/etiologia , Avaliação em Saúde , Eficácia
16.
Québec; INESSS; 2023.
Não convencional em Inglês | BRISA/RedTESA | ID: biblio-1511425

RESUMO

MANDAT: À la demande du fabricant CSL Behring Canada inc., l'Institut national d'excellence en santé et en services sociaux (INESSS) a procédé à l'évaluation du produit du système du sang ZemairaMC, inhibiteur de l'alpha1-protéinase humain hautement purifié qui s'administre par voie intraveineuse. Au Canada, ZemairaMC est indiqué pour le traitement d'entretien/de maintien chez les adultes présentant un déficit sévère en inhibiteur de l'alpha1-protéinase (phénotypes (Z,Z), (Z, null), (null, null) ou (S, Z)) et une maladie pulmonaire cliniquement avérée. L'indication demandée pour cette évaluation est la suivante : pour le traitement d'entretien des adultes atteints d'un déficit grave en inhibiteur de l'alpha1-protéinase (par exemple, génotypes PiZZ, PiZ[nul], Pi[null, null], PiSZ ou autres allèles causant un déficit) et présentant des signes cliniques d'emphysème. L'INESSS a réalisé les évaluations des produits ProlastinMC-C Liquid, ZemairaMC et GlassiaMC, tous des alpha1-antitrypsine plasmatiques humains, en simultané. Les avis pour ces 3 produits sont publiés au même moment. DÉMARCHE D'ÉVALUATION: Une revue des données issues de la littérature et de celles fournies par le fabricant a été réalisée afin de documenter l'efficacité, l'innocuité et l'efficience de ZemairaMC. Des données contextuelles et expérientielles issues de la consultation d'experts sont également présentées. Des analyses d'efficience et d'impact budgétaire ont été élaborées par l'INESSS. DIMENSION POPULATIONNELLE: Le déficit en inhibiteur de l'alpha1-protéinase, ou déficit en alpha1-antitrypsine (DAAT), est une condition génétique rare à présentation variable qui peut entraîner des symptômes pulmonaires (emphysème, bronchite chronique et bronchectasie) et hépatiques sévères et dont la progression est souvent lente. En raison des manifestations cliniques hétérogènes et souvent tardives et de la découverte de nouveaux variants pathogéniques associés à la maladie, le DAAT est une condition sous-diagnostiquée. Les traitements usuels visent l'atténuation des symptômes respiratoires et incluent les médicaments inhalés, la réhabilitation pulmonaire et, pour certains patients, la thérapie d'augmentation qui consiste en l'administration intraveineuse hebdomadaire d'alpha1-antitrypsine (AAT) dérivé du plasma. La thérapie d'augmentation a comme objectif de ralentir la progression de l'emphysème chez les individus atteints d'un DAAT. Présentement, seul le produit ProlastinMC-C est disponible au Québec et son remboursement public n'est possible que par la mesure du patient d'exception. Des traitements qui interrompent ou ralentissent la progression de l'emphysème et la détérioration des fonctions pulmonaires et hépatiques répondraient aux besoins de santé actuels, surtout s'ils permettaient d'améliorer la qualité de vie des individus atteints et de leurs proches. Une facilitation du processus d'accès à la thérapie d'augmentation est également souhaitable. DIMENSION CLINIQUE: L'évaluation de la valeur thérapeutique du produit ZemairaMC est basée sur 1 essai contrôlé à répartition aléatoire (étude RAPID-RCT) et sa prolongation (RAPID-OLE) ainsi que sur 1 essai de bioéquivalence avec ProlastinMC. Efficacité: La quantification de la densité pulmonaire par tomodensitométrie est un paramètre de substitution jugé adéquat par les experts consultés pour évaluer la progression de l'emphysème, même si les corrélations avec les manifestations cliniques de l'emphysème sont faibles. Dans l'étude RAPID-RCT, le traitement par ZemairaMC a significativement ralenti la perte de densité pulmonaire mesurée à la capacité pulmonaire totale par rapport au groupe placebo chez les individus atteints de déficit en inhibiteur de l'alpha1-protéinase. Un ralentissement de la dégradation est aussi observé dans le groupe « départ différé ¼ de la prolongation RAPID-OLE. Les résultats de la prolongation suggèrent aussi que l'effet du traitement peut se prolonger sur une période d'au moins 4 ans. En ce qui concerne les effets sur la qualité de vie liée à la santé, la fréquence des exacerbations et les fonctions respiratoires, l'utilisation de ZemairaMC n'a pas démontré de bénéfices cliniques comparativement au placebo. Le produit ZemairaMC est considéré comme bioéquivalent à ProlastinMC chez les individus atteints de déficit en inhibiteur de l'alpha1-protéinase. Innocuité:4 L'innocuité de ZemairaMC observé dans l'étude RAPID-RCT est comparable à celle du placebo. De plus, aucun nouveau signal important d'innocuité n'a été observé au cours de la prolongation RAPID-OLE. Dimension organisationnelle: Le remboursement de ProlastinMC-C est présentement offert par la mesure du patient d'exception de la RAMQ et par les régimes d'assurance privés. Dorénavant, les AAT plasmatiques devront être inscrits à la Liste des produits du système du sang du Québec et remporter un appel d'offres d'Héma-Québec pour pouvoir être distribués. Lors de ce changement de gestion, il serait prudent d'éviter les interruptions de traitement et minimiser les conséquences qui pourraient s'y lier. L'administration à domicile de ProlastinMC-C n'est pas une pratique courante au Québec. Celle-ci se fait généralement en CLSC ou en clinique spécialisée. DIMENSION ÉCONOMIQUE: Analyse d'efficience: Au prix soumis, ZemairaMC permettrait des économies de XX $ par semaine comparativement à ProlastinMC-C, dont l'efficience n'a pas été évaluée avant cette présente évaluation. Lorsque comparé à l'utilisation des meilleurs soins de soutien seuls, ZemairaMC, en ajout à ceux-ci, n'est pas efficient. Le ratio coût-utilité incrémental a été estimé entre 335 000 $ et 345 000 $ par QALY. Une réduction du prix de 90 % ou 75 % doit être présumée pour atteindre des seuils d'efficience de 50 000 $ et 100 000 $ par QALY, respectivement. Analyse d'impact budgétaire Advenant l'ajout de ZemairaMC à la Liste des produits du système du sang du Québec, une augmentation du nombre de patients peut être attendue en raison des patients utilisant actuellement ProlastinMC-C à travers le régime privé d'assurance médicaments qui poursuivraient leur traitement par inhibiteur d'AAT à travers le régime public. Cette hausse de personnes couvertes par le système public (XX %) se traduirait par des coûts supplémentaires estimés à plus de 8 M$ sur 3 ans. DIMENSION SOCIOCULTURELLE: Le Québec s'est doté en 2022 d'une politique visant à optimiser l'accès à des soins et à des services de santé de qualité qui sont adaptés aux besoins particuliers des patients atteints de maladies rares, et culturellement sensibles. Certains experts apprécient que le Québec soit à l'avant-garde pour la prise en charge de plusieurs maladies rares, dont le DAAT, par rapport à d'autres provinces canadiennes.


MANDATE: At the request of the manufacturer, CSL Behring Canada Inc., the Institut national d'excellence en santé et en services sociaux (INESSS) conducted an evaluation of the blood system product ZemairaTM, a highly purified human alpha1-proteinase inhibitor administered intravenously. In Canada, ZemairaTM is indicated for the maintenance treatment in adults with severe alpha1-proteinase inhibitor deficiency (e.g. genotypes PiZZ, PiZ(null), Pi(null, null), PiS Z) and clinical evidence of emphysema. The indication requested for this evaluation is as follows: for the maintenance treatment of adults with severe alpha1-proteinase inhibitor deficiency (e.g., PiZZ, PiZ[null], Pi[null, null], PiSZ or other deficiency-causing alleles) and presenting clinical signs of emphysema. INESSS conducted simultaneous assessments of ProlastinTM-C Liquid, ZemairaTM and GlassiaTM, all human plasma alpha1-antitrypsin products. Recommendations for these 3 products were published at the same time. ASSESSMENT APPROACH: A data review of the literature and those provided by the manufacturer was carried out to document the efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness of ZemairaTM. Contextual and experiential data from expert consultation are also presented. Efficiency and budget impact analyses were developed by the INESSS. POPULATION DIMENSION: Alpha1-proteinase inhibitor deficiency, or alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency (DAAT), is a rare genetic condition with a variable presentation that can lead to severe pulmonary (emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and bronchiectasis) and hepatic symptoms, often with a slow progression. Due to the heterogeneous and often delayed clinical manifestations, and the discovery of new pathogenic variants associated with the disease, DAAT is an under-diagnosed condition. Usual treatments are aimed at alleviating respiratory symptoms and include inhaled medications, pulmonary rehabilitation and, for some patients, augmentation therapy consisting of weekly intravenous administration of plasma-derived alpha1-antitrypsin (AAT). Augmentation therapy aims to slow the progression of emphysema in individuals with DAAT. Currently, only ProlastinTM-C is available in Quebec, and public reimbursement is possible only through the "mesure du patient d'exception." Treatments that halt or slow the progression of emphysema and the deterioration of lung and liver function would meet current healthcare needs, especially if they were to improve the quality of life of sufferers and their families. Facilitating access to augmentation therapy is also desirable. CLINICAL DIMENSION ASSESSMENT: of the therapeutic value of ZemairaTM is based on 1 randomized controlled trial (RAPID-RCT) and its extension (RAPID-OLE), as well as 1 bioequivalence trial with ProlastinTM. EFFICACY: CT lung density quantification is a surrogate parameter deemed adequate by the experts consulted for evaluating emphysema progression, even if correlations with clinical manifestations of emphysema are weak. In the RAPID-RCT study, treatment with ZemairaTM significantly slowed the loss of lung density at total lung capacity compared with the placebo group in individuals with alpha1- proteinase inhibitor deficiency. Slower deterioration was also observed in the "delayed start" group of the RAPID-OLE extension. The results of the extension also suggest that the treatment effect can be maintained over a period of 4 years. Regarding effects on health-related quality of life, frequency of exacerbations and on respiratory function, ZemairaTM has not demonstrated any clinical benefit compared with a placebo. ZemairaTM is considered bioequivalent to ProlastinTM in individuals with alpha1-proteinase inhibitor deficiency. SAFETY The safety profile of ZemairaTM observed in the RAPID-RCT study is comparable to that of placebo. Moreover, no significant new safety findings were observed in the RAPIDOLE extension. ORGANIZATIONAL DIMENSION: ProlastinTM-C is currently reimbursed by the RAMQ through the "mesure du patient d'exception" and private insurance plans. From now on, plasma AATs will have to be registered on the Liste des produits du système du sang du Québec and obtain a call for tenders from Héma-Québec before they can be distributed. With this change in management, it would be prudent to avoid treatment interruptions and minimize the consequences that could arise. At the moment, home administration of ProlastinTM-C is not common practice in Quebec. It is generally administered in CLSCs or specialized clinics. ECONOMIC DIMENSION: Efficiency Analysis: At the submitted price, ZemairaTM would provide savings of $ XX per week compared with ProlastinTM-C, whose efficiency has not been evaluated prior to this assessment. When compared to the use of best supportive care alone, ZemairaTM, in addition to best supportive care, is not cost-effective. The incremental cost-utility ratio has been estimated at between $335,000 and $345,000 per QALY. A price reduction of 90% or 75% must be adopted to reach efficiency thresholds of $50,000 and $100,000 per QALY, respectively. Budget Impact Analysis: Should ZemairaTM be added to the Liste des produits du système du sang du Québec, an increase in the number of patients can be expected due to patients currently using ProlastinTM-C through private drug insurance plans to continue their AAT inhibitor treatment through the public plan. This increase in the number of people covered by the public system (XX %) would translate into additional costs estimated at over $8 million over 3 years. SOCIO-CULTURAL DIMENSION: In 2022, Quebec adopted a policy aimed at optimizing access to quality healthcare and services that are adapted to the specific needs of culturally sensitive patients and those with rare diseases. Some experts note that Quebec is at the forefront in the management of several rare diseases, including DAAT, compared to other Canadian provinces.


Assuntos
Humanos , alfa 1-Antitripsina/uso terapêutico , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/tratamento farmacológico , Enfisema/diagnóstico , Avaliação em Saúde , Eficácia
17.
Altern Ther Health Med ; 28(7): 34-39, 2022 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35951060

RESUMO

Objective: Aerosol inhalation is commonly used in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary emphysema (COPE). This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of aerosol inhalation combined with a vibration expectoration machine on COPE. Methods: From June 2019 to June 2020, 110 patients receiving COPE treatment in Linyi Central Hospital in China were included in this randomized controlled trial. All patients were randomly assigned into one of two groups using the random number table. A total of 55 patients were given aerosol inhalation combined with the use of a vibration expectoration machine in the study group, and 55 patients were given aerosol inhalation alone in the control group. The general data, clinical efficacy arterial blood gas index, pulmonary function index and serum levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), alpha 1 antitrypsin (α1-AT) and platelet-derived growth factor-B (PDGF-B) were compared. Results: There was no difference in baseline characteristics between the 2 groups (P > .05). After treatment, the clinical efficacy in the study group was significantly higher than in the control group (96.36% vs 81.82%, respectively; P = .023), daily sputum production in the study group was significantly higher compared with the control group (80.92 ± 10.29 vs 58.63 ± 9.02 ml, respectively; P < .001) and hospitalization time was significantly reduced in the study group (11.87 ± 1.76 vs 17.62 ± 1.92 days, respectively; P < .001). In addition, the respiratory rate was significantly lower in the study group (17.43 ± 1.61 vs 22.08 ± 3.25, respectively; P < .001). Partial pressure of oxygen (P[O2]) was significantly higher (76.29 ± 7.34 vs 66.81 ± 7.93 mmHg, respectively; P < .001) and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (P[CO2]) was significantly lower (34.82 ± 6.02 vs 39.83 ± 6.01 mmHg respectively; P < .001) in the study group compared with the control group. In addition, forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) (1.79 ± 0.36 vs 1.66 ± 0.28 L, respectively), forced vital capacity (FVC) (2.58 ± 0.28 vs 2.42 ± 0.11 L, respectively), forced expiratory volume in the first second as a percentage of the predicted value (FEV1%pred) (65.32 ± 4.03 vs 59.83 ± 4.76 L, respectively) and maximal mid-expiratory flow (MMEF) (1.51 ± 0.27% vs 1.36 ± 0.12%, respectively) were all significantly increased after treatment in the study group compared with the control group (all P < .001). The IGF-1 (104.92 ± 11.27 vs 137.83 ± 11.02 ng/mL, respectively) and PDGF-B (124.39 ± 14.29 vs 249.93 ± 33.49 ng/L, respectively) were significantly reduced in the study group after treatment (all P < .001). The α1-AT (2.82 ± 0.38 vs 2.17 ± 0.22 g/L, respectively) were significantly increased after treatment in the study group compared with the control group. Conclusion: Aerosol inhalation combined with the use of a vibration expectoration machine is worthy of clinical application, and can effectively improve outcomes in patients with COPE.


Assuntos
Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica , Enfisema Pulmonar , Dióxido de Carbono/uso terapêutico , Volume Expiratório Forçado , Humanos , Fator de Crescimento Insulin-Like I/uso terapêutico , Oxigênio/uso terapêutico , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas c-sis/uso terapêutico , Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Enfisema Pulmonar/tratamento farmacológico , Aerossóis e Gotículas Respiratórios , Escarro , Vibração/uso terapêutico , alfa 1-Antitripsina/uso terapêutico
19.
Clin Chim Acta ; 534: 71-76, 2022 Sep 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35810800

RESUMO

It is well recognized that chronic low-grade systemic inflammation and autoimmunity contribute to the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome, its associated diseases (e.g. type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease) and type 1 diabetes, respectively. Consequently, anti-inflammatory agents might play a role in managing these immune associated metabolic diseases. Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT), an endogenous acute phase protein being used for treatment of AAT deficiency (a rare genetic disease), has multiple functions including anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, anti-apoptosis and cytoprotective effects. In this review, we summarized basic and clinical studies that reported potential therapeutic role of AAT in metabolic syndrome associated diseases and type 1 diabetes. Studies that demonstrated AAT had the possibility to be used as a novel biomarker to predict these immune associated metabolic diseases were also included.


Assuntos
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Síndrome Metabólica , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina , Biomarcadores , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/complicações , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Humanos , Inflamação/complicações , Síndrome Metabólica/complicações , Síndrome Metabólica/tratamento farmacológico , alfa 1-Antitripsina/uso terapêutico , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/tratamento farmacológico
20.
Int Immunopharmacol ; 110: 109001, 2022 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35803133

RESUMO

Alpha-1 antitrypsin (A1AT) is a protease inhibitor in the serum. Its primary function is to inhibit the activity of a series of proteases, including proteinase 3, neutrophil elastase, metalloproteases, and cysteine-aspartate proteases. In addition, A1AT also has anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidative stress, anti-viral, and anti-bacterial activities and plays essential roles in the regulation of tissue repair and lymphocyte differentiation and activation. The overactivation of the immune system characterizes the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. A1AT treatment shows beneficial effects on patients and animal models with autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. This review summarizes the functions and therapeutic prospects of A1AT in autoimmune diseases.


Assuntos
Doenças Autoimunes , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina , Animais , Doenças Autoimunes/tratamento farmacológico , Mieloblastina , alfa 1-Antitripsina/uso terapêutico , Deficiência de alfa 1-Antitripsina/tratamento farmacológico
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