Periodontal therapy for hopeless mandibular anterior teeth: a retrospective case report with a multidisciplinary approach and a 20-year follow-up

Introduction: This case report presents the intentional periodontal maintenance of two periodontal hopeless lower central incisors with a multidisciplinary approach and 20-year follow-up. Case presentation: A 36-year-old male, in 2001, was diagnosed with aggressive periodontitis, gingival swelling, bleeding, and mandibular central incisors with mobility and poor prognosis. Following periodontal therapy (phase I), root canal treatment, and occlusal adjustment, #31 and #41 were gently extracted to remove the granulation tissues, calculus, and infected cementum from the root surface. Then, tetracycline-HCl was applied for 5 minutes on the root surfaces. The teeth were repositioned into the sockets and splinted with a lingual bar. At 3 months, the bar was removed, and a free gingival autogenous graft was done to improve the local keratinized tissue width. Mobility scores, pocket depths, and clinical attachment levels were recorded, and radiographs were taken at 1, 5, and 20 years. The 5-year follow-up showed that the teeth were clinically and radiographically in function. There was a reduction in probing depth and a gain in clinical attachment and radiographic alveolar bone levels. After 20 years, #41 was stable, but #31 had external root resorption, leading to a new treatment plan (dental implants) and extraction. Conclusion: The clinical result of this case was satisfactory for 20 years. Intentional periodontal maintenance of the teeth may be an alternative treatment, even considering the high level of complexity.

Virtual planning as a resource for correcting severe facial asymmetry ­ case report / Planejamento virtual como recurso para correção de assimetria facial severa ­ relato de caso

A hiperplasia hemimandibular é responsável por prejuízos estéticos, funcionais, motores e psicossociais. Com etiologia incerta, ocorre frente ao desequilíbrio de fatores regulatórios de crescimento presentes na camada cartilaginosa do côndilo. O relato objetiva descrever a tomada de decisões baseada em exames complementares específicos aliados à adequada intervenção cirúrgica da lesão. Paciente gênero feminino, 33 anos de idade, compareceu à clínica particular com queixa principal de "face assimétrica", foi requerido uma avaliação cintilográfica objetivando e confirmando a interrupção do crescimento condilar, descartando a hipótese de Osteocondroma e condilectomia. Após preparo ortodôntico prévio, os exames tomográficos foram utilizados na criação de um protótipo que foi impresso após a realização dos movimentos ósseos planejados. Mediante à reconstrução, foi concluído que a assimetria presente não seria totalmente corrigida somente através da intervenção ortognática, sendo necessária também uma osteotomia removendo parte da base do corpo e ângulo mandibular, através da confecção de um guia de corte, promovendo à reanatomização sem a necessidade de acesso extra oral submandibular, evitando uma cicatriz em face feminina. Paciente encontra-se em pós-operatório de 60 meses, sem queixas e satisfeita. Portanto, é evidenciado cada vez mais a influência positiva que o planejamento virtual pode trazer aos profissionais na otimização dos resultados cirúrgicos.

Hemimandibular hyperplasia is responsible for aesthetic, functional, motor, and psychosocial impairments. With an uncertain etiology, it occurs due to the imbalance of regulatory growth factors present in the cartilaginous layer of the condyle. The report aims to describe decision-making based on specific complementary exams combined with the appropriate surgical intervention for the condition. A 33-year-old female patient presented at a private clinic with the main complaint of "asymmetric face." A scintigraphic evaluation was requested to objectively confirm the interruption of condylar growth, ruling out the hypothesis of Osteochondroma and condylectomy. After prior orthodontic preparation, tomographic exams were used to create a prototype that was printed after planned bone movements. Through the reconstruction, it was concluded that the existing asymmetry would not be entirely corrected through orthognathic intervention alone, necessitating also an osteotomy to remove part of the base of the body and mandibular angle. This was done through the creation of a cutting guide, allowing for reanatomization without the need for submandibular extraoral access, thus avoiding a scar on the female face. The patient is 60 months postoperative, with no complaints and satisfied. Therefore, the increasingly positive influence of virtual planning on optimizing surgical outcomes for professionals is evident.

Conocimiento en estudiantes de enfermería sobre desinfección terminal del área quirúrgica / Knowledge in nursing students about terminal disinfection of the surgical area

Determinar el nivel de conocimiento de los estudiantes de enfermería de la Universidad Técnica de Ambato sobre la desinfección terminal del área quirúrgica. Metodología: Esta investigación es cuantitativa, con enfoque descriptivo de cohorte transversal ya que el nivel de conocimiento se ha representado mediante tablas y gráficos para describir la problemática del periodo octubre 2023-febrero 2024. Resultados: Se evidencia el alto porcentaje de respuestas incorrectas por cada ítem por parte de los estudiantes. La categoría desinfección fue respondida de manera incorrecta con un porcentaje del 26%, la categoría proceso de desinfección con el 55,6%, la categoría aplicación del DAN con el 45.8%, la categoría desinfectante del DAN con el 36,2% y, por último, la categoría riesgo y prevención del DAN con el 29,2%. Conclusiones: El nivel de conocimiento de los estudiantes sobre desinfección es bajo, porque no están lo suficientemente motivados o interesados en el tema de desinfección[AU]

Determine the level of knowledge of nursing students at the Technical University of Ambato about terminal disinfection of the surgical area.Methodology:This research is quantitative, with a descriptive cross-sectional cohort approach and the level of knowledge has been represented through tables and graphs to describe the problems of the period October 2023-February 2024.Results:A high percentage of incorrect answers for each item by the students is evident. The disinfection category was answered incorrectly with a percentage of 26%, the disinfection process category with 55.6%, the DAN application category with 45.8%, the disinfectant category with 36.2% and, finally, the DAN risk and prevention category. with 29.2%. Conclusions:The level of knowledge of students about disinfection is low, because they are not sufficiently motivated or interested in the topic of disinfection[AU]

Determinar o nível de conhecimento dos estudantes de enfermagem da Universidade Técnica de Ambato sobre desinfecção terminal da área cirúrgica. Metodologia:Esta pesquisa é quantitativa, com abordagem descritiva de coorte transversal e o nível de conhecimento foi representado por meio de tabelas e gráficos para descrever os problemas do período outubro de 2023 a fevereiro de 2024.Resultados: Evidencia-se um alto percentual de respostas incorretas para cada item por parte dos alunos. A categoria desinfecção foi respondida incorretamente com um percentual de 26%, a categoria processo de desinfecção com 55,6%, a categoria aplicação DAN com 45,8%, a categoria desinfetante com 36,2% e, por último, a categoria risco e prevenção DAN. com 29,2%.Conclusões:O nível de conhecimento dos alunos sobre desinfecção é baixo, porque não estão suficientemente motivados ou interessados no tema da desinfecção[AU]

Estudiar y trabajar como factores de riesgo en estudiantes de enfermería, Universidad Nacional Formosa, 2022 / Study and work as risk factors in nursing students, National University of Formosa,2022

Objetivo: Correlacionar la variable principal sostén del hogar con las variables género, edad, horas de trabajo, horas de sueño y factores de riesgo cardiovascular (índice de masa corporal, hipertensión arterial, dislipemia y diabetes mellitus), en estudiantes de 3º, 4 y 5º año de la Licenciatura en Enfermería, Universidad Nacional de Formosa. Metodología: estudio descriptivo, correlacional, transversal realizado en 214 estudiantes, durante el año 2022, utilizándose un cuestionario on-line autoadministrado, estructurado y medición de peso y talla. Resultados: el 76% fueron mujeres; 64%, principal fueron principal sostén del hogar, 57% refirió dormir menos de 6 horas al día, 15 % trabaja más de 41 horas semanales; 67% tuvo respuestas no saludables a la variable estrés, para la variable actividad física este valor ascendió a 71% y el 53,8% presentó exceso de peso. Se encontró asociación significativa entre ser el principal sostén del hogar con exceso de peso, trabajar 41 horas o más semanalmente, dormir menos de 6 horas al día y con la presencia de 3 o más factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Conclusiones: Las condiciones de vida que afrontan los estudiantes que de manera simultánea estudian, trabajan y son principal sostén del hogar pueden generar estrés, el cual es un factor de riesgo para las enfermedades cardiovasculares[AU]

Objetive: to correlate the main variable of primary income earner or primary breadwinner with gender, age, working hours, sleep hours, and cardiovascular disease risk factors (body mass index, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus) in 3rd, 4th, and 5th-year nursing students at the Nursing Program at the National University of Formosa. Methodology: The study was a descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional, conducted with 214 students during 2022 using a self-administered structured online questionnaire and measurement of weight and height. Results: 76% were women, 64% were the main breadwinner, 57% reported sleeping less than 6 hours a day, 15% working more than 41 hours per week; 67% had unhealthy responses to the stress variable, this value rose to 71% for the physical activity variable, and 53.8% were overweight. A significant association was found between the main variable of primary breadwinner and being overweight, working 41 or more hours weekly, and the presence of 3 or more cardiovascular risk factors. Conclusions: The living conditions faced by students who simultaneously study and work, and being the main breadwinner in the household can generate stress, which is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases[AU]

Objetivo:: correlacionar a variável principal de sustento econômico do lar com as variáveis gênero, idade, horas de trabalho, horas de sono e fatores de risco cardiovascular (índice de massa corporal,hipertensão arterial, dislipidemia e diabetes mellitus) em estudantes do 3º, 4º e 5º ano do curso de graduação em Enfermagem, Universidade Nacional de Formosa. Metodologia: O estudo foi descritivo, correlacional e transversal, realizado em 214 estudantes durante o ano de 2022. Foi utilizado um questionário online autoadministrado e estruturado, e a medição de peso e altura dos estudantes foi realizada. Resultados: 76% dos estudantes eram mulheres; 64% eram o principal sustento econômico do lar; 57% relataram dormir menos de 6 horas por dia, 15% responderam que trabalham mais de 41 horas por semana; em relação aos fatores de risco cardiovascular, 67% tiveram respostas não saudáveis para a variável estresse, para a variável atividade física esse valor aumentou para 71% e 53,8% apresentaram excesso de peso. Foi encontrada uma associação significativa entre a variável principal de sustento econômico do lar com as variáveis excesso de peso, trabalhar 41 horas ou mais por semana, dormir menos de 6 horas al día e a presença de 3 ou mais fatores de risco cardiovascular. Conclusões: As condições de vida enfrentadas pelos estudantes que simultaneamente estudam, trabalham e são o principal sustento do lar podem gerar estresse, que é um fator de risco para doenças cardiovasculares[AU]

Efeito do tônus do corpo perineal nas disfunçõessexuais em mulheres jovens nulíparas / Effect of perineal body tone on sexual dysfunctionsin young nulliparous women

Objetivo: avaliar o tônus do corpo perineal em mulheres jovens nulíparas e correlacionar com as funções sexuais e a presença de disfunção sexual. Método: foi realizado um estudo descritivo, observacional, transversal utilizando uma amostra de conveniência incluindo mulheres adultas jovens nulíparas. A avaliação das participantes consistiu na aplicação dos questionários socioclínico, Pelvic Organ Prolaps / Urinary Incontinence Sexual Questionnaire (PISQ-12), Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) e exame físico do tônus do corpo perineal. Os dados foram analisados pelo programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS®), versão 23, adotando um nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: participaram 77 mulheres jovens nulíparas (21,68 ± 2,94 anos), destas 77, 92% apresentavam vida sexual ativa e 66,03% tônus normal do corpo perineal. Dentre as alterações tônicas, o aumento do tônus predominou (33,76%). Houve alta prevalência de disfunção sexual (87,01%) pelo FSFI (23,38 ± 7,21) com maior queixa de dispareunia. Mulheres com tônus aumentado apresentaram maior disfunção sexual em relação a desejo e estímulo subjetivo (p=0,04), à excitação (p=0,01), satisfação (p=0,04) e dor ou a desconforto (p=0,03). Houve correlação inversa entre a presença de aumento do tônus e os domínios FSFI desejo e estímulo subjetivo (R= - 0,56) e excitação (R= - 0,34) e correlação direta para dor ou desconforto (R= 0,30). Conclusão: o aumento do tônus do corpo perineal piora a função sexual de mulheres jovens nulíparas.

Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and physical examination of the tone of the perineal body. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS®), version 23, adopting a significance level of 5%. Results: 77 young nulliparous women (21.68 ± 2.94 years) participated, of which 77, 92% had an active sexual life and 66.03% had normal tone of the perineal body. Among the tonic changes, increased tone predominated (33.76%). There was a high prevalence of sexual dysfunction (87.01%) according to the FSFI (23.38 ± 7.21) with greater complaints of dyspareunia. Women with increased tone had greater sexual dysfunction in relation to desire and subjective stimulation (p=0.04), excitement (p=0.01), satisfaction (p=0.04) and pain or discomfort (p=0.03). There was an inverse correlation between the presence of increased tone and the FSFI domains desire and subjective stimulus (R= - 0.56) and excitement (R= - 0.34) and a direct correlation for pain or discomfort (R= 0.30). Conclusion: increased perineal body tone worsens sexual function in young nulliparous women.

Prevalência de Influenza A, vírus sincicial respiratório eSARS-CoV-2 em pacientes com síndrome respiratóriaaguda grave em Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul / Prevalence of Influenza A, respiratory syncytial virus andSARS-CoV-2 in patients with severe acute respiratorysyndrome in Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul

A síndrome respiratória aguda grave (SRAG) é caracterizada por sintomas de febre alta, tosse e dispneia, e, na maioria dos casos, relacionada a uma quantidade reduzida de agentes infecciosos. O objetivo foi avaliar a prevalência dos vírus respiratórios Influenza A (FluA), vírus sincicial respiratório (RSV) e do novo coronavírus (SARS-CoV-2) em pacientes com internação hospitalar por SRAG. Estudo transversal, com pacientes em internação hospitalar com SRAG entre novembro de 2021 e maio de 2022. Dados sociodemográficos e clínicos e amostras da nasofaringe foram coletados/as, as quais foram submetidas à extração de RNA e testadas quanto à positividade para Influenza A, RSV e SARS-CoV-2 por meio da técnica de PCR em tempo real pelo método SYBR Green. Foram incluídos 42 pacientes, sendo 59,5% do sexo feminino, 57,1% idosos, 54,8% com ensino fundamental. A maior parte dos pacientes reportou hábito tabagista prévio ou atual (54,8%), não etilista (73,8%) e 83,3% deles apresentavam alguma comorbidade, sendo hipertensão arterial sistêmica e diabetes mellitus tipo 2 as mais prevalentes. Um total de 10,5% dos pacientes testou positivo para FluA, nenhuma amostra positiva para RSV e 76,3% positivos para SARS-CoV-2. Na população estudada, SRAG com agravo hospitalar foi observado em maior proporção, em mulheres, idosos e pessoas com comorbidades, embora sem significância estatística, sendo o novo coronavírus o agente etiológico mais relacionado, o que evidencia a patogenicidade desse agente e suas consequências ainda são evidentes após quase 2 anos de período pandêmico.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) is characterized by symptoms of high fever, cough and dyspnea, and is in most cases related to a reduced amount of infectious agents. The objective was to assess the prevalence of respiratory viruses Influenza A (FluA), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) in patients hospitalized for SARS. Cross-sectional study, with patients hospitalized with SARS between November 2021 and May 2022. Sociodemographic and clinical data and nasopharyngeal samples were collected, which were subjected to RNA extraction and tested for positivity for Influenza A, RSV and SARS-CoV-2 using the real-time PCR technique using the SYBR Green method. 42 patients were included, 59.5% female, 57.1% elderly, 54.8% with primary education. Most patients reported previous or current smoking habits (54.8%), non-drinkers (73.8) and 83.3% of them had some comorbidity, with systemic arterial hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus being the most prevalent. A total of 10.5% of patients tested positive for FluA, no samples positive for RSV, and 76.3% positive for SARS-CoV-2. In the studied population, SARS with hospital injury was observed more frequently in women and the elderly, with associated comorbidities, with the new coronavirus being the most related etiological agent, which shows, although not statistically significant, that the pathogenicity of this agent and its consequences are still evident after almost 2 years of period pandemic.

Usabilidade de um aplicativo móvel de apoio aos profissionaisde saúde para cálculos de doses de vancomicina / Usability of a mobile application supporting healthprofessionals on vancomycin dosing calculation

O aplicativo móvel CalcVAN foi desenvolvido para auxiliar os profissionais de saúde para otimizar as doses de vancomicina em pacientes hospitalizados. Porém, é imprescindível avaliar a sua usabilidade antes de disponibilizá-lo para prática clínica. Assim, o objetivo do estudo é avaliar a usabilidade do aplicativo móvel na perspectiva dos profissionais de saúde. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, de avaliação heurística da usabilidade de um aplicativo móvel. Foram convidados profissionais da área de saúde com expertise no tema de gerenciamento de antimicrobianos e vancomicina. O instrumento validado Smartphone Usability questionnaiRE (SURE) foi utilizado para mensuração da usabilidade por meio de um questionário on-line. Vinte e um especialistas participaram do estudo, com média de idade de 32,6 anos, sendo a maioria de mulheres (n = 14, 66,7%), profissionais farmacêuticos (n = 13, 61,9%), com pós-graduação lato sensu (n = 10, 47,6%), que trabalhavam em hospitais públicos ou privados (n = 15, 71,4%) e com média de experiência em 9,7 anos. Com base na interpretação dos resultados obtidos pelo instrumento SURE, a média de usabilidade geral do CalcVAN foi de 83 pontos, com escore menor de 78 e maior de 90 pontos. O teste de usabilidade foi enquadrado nos dois últimos níveis, 70 e 80, onde os profissionais de saúde passaram a concordar fortemente e totalmente, indicando que o aplicativo móvel apresenta uma usabilidade satisfatória. O CalcVAN atingiu uma usabilidade satisfatória e atende as necessidades e exigências dos profissionais de saúde, mostrando--se eficiente para realizar as funções propostas.

The CalcVAN app was developed to assist healthcare professionals in optimizing vancomycin doses for hospitalized patients. However, the usability test before making it available for clinical practice is essential. Therefore, the study aims to evaluate the usability of the app from the perspective of health professionals. A descriptive study, a heuristic evaluation of the usability of a mobile application was conducted. Healthcare professionals with expertise in antimicrobial management and vancomycin were invited to participate. The validated Smartphone Usability questionnaiRE (SURE) was used to measure usability through an online questionnaire. Twenty-one experts participated in the study, with a mean age of 32.6 years, mostly of them women (n = 14, 66.7%), pharmacists (n = 13, 61.9%), with postgraduate education (n = 10, 47.6%), working in private or public hospitals (n = 15, 71.4%), and a mean experience of 9.7 years. Overall usability score for CalcVAN was 83 points, ranging from a minimum of 78 to a maximum of 90 points. The usability test registered within the last two levels, 70 and 80, with users expressing strongly and fully agreed, indicating that the app demonstrates satisfactory usability. CalcVAN achieved satisfactory usability, fulfilling the needs and requirements of health professionals, proving to be efficient in performing the intended functions.

Avaliação da influência da pandemia de Covid-19 no risco de desenvolvimento de transtornos alimentares em mulheres / Assessment of the influence of the Covid-19 pandemicon the risk of developing eating disorders in women

Objetivo: verificar a influência da pandemia de Covid-19 no risco de desenvolvimento de transtornos alimentares em mulheres. Metodologia: pesquisa quantitativa, com mulheres com acesso ao computador, a celular e à internet. A coleta de dados foi realizada a partir de um questionário on-line contendo 60 perguntas, com respostas fechadas, que visavam conhecer a sua relação com a alimentação. Foram verificados o consumo alimentar e o risco de desenvolvimento de anorexia nervosa (Eating Attitudes Test - EAT-26) e bulimia nervosa (Bulimic Investigatory Test, Edinburgh- BITE). Resultados: participaram da pesquisa 92 mulheres, sendo que 81,50% (n=75) referiram que ficaram em casa durante a pandemia. Sobre a ingestão de alimentos, 45,70% (n=42) relataram que consumiram diariamente frutas e hortaliças, 55,40% (n=51) ingeriram de 1 a 2 vezes/semana bolachas, salgadinhos, doces e guloseimas e 62,00% (n=57) consumiam embutidos pelo menos 1 vez/semana. Ainda, 18,50% (n=17) apresentaram risco para o desenvolvimento de anorexia nervosa e 83,60% (n=73) risco de bulimia nervosa. Entretanto, analisando se esse risco estava associado à pandemia, verificou-se que não houve diferença significativa entre o grupo que permaneceu em casa e o grupo que saiu para trabalhar (p > 0,05). Conclusão: portanto, grande parte das voluntárias apresentaram um risco de desenvolver algum transtorno alimentar, entretanto, não houve uma relação entre o possível risco de desenvolver transtornos alimentares influenciado pela pandemia.

Objective: to verify the influence of the Covid-19 pandemic on the risk of developing eating disorders in women. Methodology: quantitative research, with women with access to a computer, cell phone and internet. Data collection was carried out using an online questionnaire containing 60 questions, with closed answers, which aimed to understand their relationship with food. Food consumption Abstract and the risk of developing nervous anorexia (Eating Attitudes Test - EAT-26) and nervous bulimia (Bulimic Investigatory Test, Edinburgh - BITE) were verified. Results: 92 women participated in the research, with 81.50% (n=75) reporting that they stayed at home during the pandemic. Regarding food intake, 45.70% (n=42) reported that they consumed fruits and vegetables daily, 55.40% (n=51) ate cookies, snacks, sweets and sweets 1 to 2 times/week and 62, 00% (n=57) consumed sausages at least once/week. Furthermore, 18.50% (n=17) were at risk for developing nervous anorexia and 83.60% (n=73) were at risk for nervous bulimia. However, analyzing whether this risk was associated with the pandemic, it was found that there was no significant difference between the group that remained at home and the group that went out to work (p > 0.05). Conclusion: therefore, most of the volunteers presented a risk of developing an eating disorder, however, there was no relationship between the possible risk of developing eating disorders influenced by the pandemic.

Rastreamento da síndrome metabólica em participantesdo programa Universidade Aberta da Terceira Idade / Metabolic syndrome screening in the participantsat the Open University of the Third Age

Hábitos alimentares inadequados, sedentarismo e a maior expectativa de vida da população contribuem significativamente para a prevalência da síndrome metabólica. Essa doença predispõe uma pessoa a desenvolver diabetes mellitus tipo 2 e doenças cardiovasculares, as quais têm um amplo impacto na saúde pública, induzindo sobrecarga no sistema de saúde e reduzindo a qualidade de vida dos indivíduos afetados. A síndrome metabólica é uma doença multifatorial e está relacionada ao processo de envelhecimento, contudo, ainda há uma lacuna significativa, em termos de estudos, sobre a prevalência da condição em populações idosas. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo objetivou rastrear a prevalência da síndrome metabólica em participantes da Universidade Aberta da Terceira Idade (UNATI), localizada em Francisco Beltrão, Paraná. Os critérios diagnósticos de síndrome metabólica abordados nesta pesquisa incluem: circunferência abdominal ≥ 90 cm para homens e ≥ 80 cm para mulheres, triglicerídeos ≥ 150 mg/dL, HDL ≤ 40 mg/dL para homens e ≤ 50 mg/dL para mulheres, pressão arterial sistólica ≥ 130 mmHg e/ou pressão arterial diastólica ≥ 85 mmHg ou estar em farmacoterapia para hipertensão, além de glicemia de jejum ≥ 100 mg/dL ou estar em tratamento farmacológico para diabetes. Um total de 44 idosos foram avaliados, apresentando uma média de idade de 66,9 ± 7,1 anos, com uma predominância de mulheres (88%). Os resultados revelaram uma prevalência alarmante de síndrome metabólica, atingindo 36,4% da amostra estudada. Além disso, observou-se uma alta prevalência de condições associadas, como hipertensão arterial (67,2%), sobrepeso (58,6%) e obesidade visceral (31%). Esses achados ressaltam a importância da implementação de medidas preventivas direcionadas à promoção da qualidade de vida saudável e ao controle dos fatores de risco metabólicos.

Inadequate dietary habits, sedentary lifestyle, and increased life expectancy significantly contribute to the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. This condition predisposes an individual to develop type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases, which have a broad impact on public health, inducing a burden on the healthcare system and reducing the quality of life of affected individuals. Metabolic syndrome is a multifactorial disease and is related to the aging process; however, there is still a significant gap in terms of studies on the prevalence of the condition in elderly populations. In this context, this study aimed to screen the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in participants of the Open University for the Third Age (UNATI), located in Francisco Beltrão, Paraná. The diagnostic criteria for metabolic syndrome addressed in this research include: abdominal circumference ≥ 90 cm for men and ≥ 80 cm for women, triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL, HDL ≤ 40 mg/dL for men and ≤ 50 mg/dL for women, systolic blood pressure ≥ 130 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 85 mmHg or being on pharmacotherapy for hypertension, in addition to fasting glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL or being on pharmacological treatment for diabetes. A total of 44 elderly individuals were evaluated, with a mean age of 66.9 ± 7.1 years, predominantly women (88%). The results revealed an alarming prevalence of metabolic syndrome, affecting 36.4% of the studied sample. Furthermore, a high prevalence of associated conditions was observed, such as arterial hypertension (67.2%), overweight (58.6%), and visceral obesity (31%). These findings underscore the importance of implementing preventive measures aimed at promoting healthy lifestyles and controlling metabolic risk factors.

Mecánica y energética durante la marcha en cinta caminadora en adultos uruguayos saludables: efecto del IMC y la edad / Mechanics and energy during treadmill walking in healthy uruguayan adults: effect of BMI and age / Mecânica e energia durante a caminhada em esteira em adultos uruguaios saudáveis: efeito do IMC e Idade

La evaluación de la marcha en cinta caminadora puede resultar relevante para la toma de decisiones clínicas. No obstante, factores demográficos como la edad y el IMC pueden alterar la interpretación de los resultados. Nuestro objetivo fue obtener variables espacio- temporales, energéticas y costo de transporte durante la velocidad autoseleccionada en cinta caminadora para una muestra representativa de adultos uruguayos (n=28) y evaluar si diferentes rangos de edades e IMC pueden ser factores a tener en cuenta en pruebas clínicas donde se consideren dichas variables. Participaron 17 hombres y 11 mujeres (39,3 ± 14,8 años, 75,9 ± 12,5 kg, 1,74 ± 0,09 m, IMC 25,2 ± 4,06). Se realizó una reconstrucción 3D del movimiento en forma sincronizada con el consumo energético. Se obtuvieron valores de referencia y luego de agrupar los participantes según su IMC y rango de edad se compararon los datos mediante test de t (p≤0.05). Los resultados revelaron discrepancias significativas en las medidas espacio-temporales y energéticas de los adultos uruguayos al caminar en cinta con respecto a la literatura. La marcha difiere entre adultos jóvenes y de mediana edad en su velocidad autoseleccionada (p=0,03), longitud de zancada (p=0,01), trabajo mecánico externo (<0,001) y recuperación de energía mecánica (0,009), destacando la importancia de considerar la edad en evaluaciones clínicas. El IMC no influyó significativamente en estas variables. Estos hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de ajustar las interpretaciones de las pruebas clínicas de la marcha sobre cinta caminadora en adultos uruguayos de mediana edad (45 a 65 años).

Treadmill gait assessment can be relevant for clinical decision-making. However, demographic factors such as age and BMI may alter result interpretation. Our aim was to obtain spatiotemporal, energetic, and cost of transport variables during self-selected treadmill walking speed for a representative sample of Uruguayan adults (n=28) and to assess if different age ranges and BMI could be factors to consider in clinical tests involving these variables. Seventeen men and eleven women participated (39.3 ± 14.8 years, 75.9 ± 12.5 kg, 1.74 ± 0.09 m, BMI 25.2 ± 4.06). A synchronized 3D motion reconstruction was performed with energy consumption. Reference values were obtained and data were compared using t-tests (p≤0.05), after grouping participants by BMI and age range. Results revealed significant discrepancies in spatiotemporal and energetic measures of Uruguayan adults walking on the treadmill, compared to the literature. Gait differed between young and middle-aged adults in their self-selected speed (p=0.03), stride length (p=0.01), external mechanical work (p<0.001), and mechanical energy recovery (0.009), emphasizing the importance of considering age in clinical evaluations. BMI did not significantly influence these variables. These findings underscore the need to adjust interpretations of treadmill gait clinical tests in middle-aged Uruguayan adults (45 to 65 years).

A avaliação da marcha na esteira pode ser relevante para a tomada de decisões clínicas. No entanto, fatores demográficos como idade e IMC podem alterar a interpretação dos resultados. Nosso objetivo foi obter variáveis espaço-temporais, energéticas e custo de transporte durante a velocidade de caminhada autoselecionada na esteira para uma amostra representativa de adultos uruguaios (n = 28) e avaliar se diferentes faixas etárias e IMC podem ser fatores a serem considerados em testes clínicos que envolvam essas variáveis. Dezessete homens e onze mulheres participaram (39,3 ± 14,8 anos, 75,9 ± 12,5 kg, 1,74 ± 0,09 m, IMC 25,2 ± 4,06). Foi realizada uma reconstrução tridimensional do movimento sincronizada com o consumo de energia. Foram obtidos valores de referência e os dados foram comparados usando testes t (p≤0,05), após agrupar os participantes por IMC e faixa etária. Os resultados revelaram discrepâncias significativas nas medidas espaço-temporais e energéticas dos adultos uruguaios ao caminhar na esteira, em comparação com a literatura. A marcha diferiu entre adultos jovens e de meia-idade em sua velocidade autoselecionada (p=0,03), comprimento da passada (p=0,01), trabalho mecânico externo (<0,001) e recuperação de energia mecânica (0,009), destacando a importância de considerar a idade em avaliações clínicas. O IMC não influenciou significativamente essas variáveis. Esses achados destacam a necessidade de ajustar as interpretações dos testes clínicos de marcha na esteira em adultos uruguaios de meia- idade (45 a 65 anos).

Fenómeno de Raynaud en el pezón durante la lactancia: serie de casos / Fenómeno de Raynaud en el pezón durante la lactancia: serie de casos

El fenómeno de Raynaud consiste en la contracción excesiva de los vasos sanguíneos en respuesta a diversos estímulos y, si bien suele comprometer las extremidades, existen otras localizaciones menos frecuentemente afectadas. Este trabajo se enfoca en describir las características de una serie de mujeres con fenómeno de Raynaud en el pezón. Mediante revisión de historias clínicas y comunicación directa con las pacientes, se recopilaron y analizaron los datos de 12 mujeres con Raynaud del pezón entre 2016 y 2023. Se evaluaron variables como edad, síntomas, desencadenantes, tratamientos y duración de los síntomas. En esta serie de casos, el fenómeno de Raynaud del pezón en mujeres lactantes se manifestó con mayor frecuencia en primigestas alrededor del décimo día posparto; el dolor fue intenso, en la mayoría mejoró con tratamientos locales y/o farmacológicos, y no limitó la duración de la lactancia materna.

Raynaud's phenomenon consists of excessive contraction of the blood vessels in response to various stimuli; although it usually affects the extremities, other locations are less frequently involved. This study focused on describing the characteristics of a series of women with Raynaud's phenomenon of the nipple. Through medical record review and direct communication with patients, data from 12 women diagnosed with Raynaud's phenomenon of the nipple between 2016 and 2023 were collected and analyzed. The following variables were assessed: age, symptoms, triggering factors, treatment, and duration of symptoms. In this case series, Raynaud's phenomenon of the nipple in breastfeeding women was more common among primiparous women around 10 days after delivery; pain was severe and, in most cases, improved with local and/or drug treatment, and did not limit the duration of breastfeeding.

Absolute beta power in exercisers and nonexercisers in preparation for the oddball task.

BACKGROUND: High levels of physical conditioning are associated with improvements in cognitive performance. In this sense, electroencephalographic (ECG) correlates are used to investigate the enhancing role of physical exercise on executive functions. Oscillations in the ß frequency range are proposed to be evident during sensorimotor activity. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the ECG changes influenced by aerobic and resistance exercises performed in an attention task by analyzing the differences in absolute ß power in the prefrontal and frontal regions before, during, and after the oddball paradigm in practitioners and nonpractitioners of physical exercise. METHODS: There were 15 physical activity practitioners (aged 27 ± 4.71) and 15 nonpractitioners (age 28 ± 1.50) recruited. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was implemented to observe the main effect and the interaction between groups and moments (rest 1, pre-stimulus, and rest 2). RESULTS: An interaction between group and moment factors was observed for Fp1 (p < 0.001); Fp2 (p = 0.001); F7 (p < 0.001); F8 (p < 0.001); F3 (p < 0.001); Fz (p < 0.001); and F4 (p < 0.001). Electrophysiological findings clarified exercisers' specificity and neural efficiency in each prefrontal and frontal subarea. CONCLUSION: Our findings lend support to the current understanding of the cognitive processes underlying physical exercise and provide new evidence on the relationship between exercise and cortical activity.

ANTECEDENTES: Níveis elevados de condicionamento físico estão associados a melhorias no desempenho cognitivo. Nesse sentido, correlatos eletroencefalográficos são utilizados na investigação do papel aprimorador do exercício físico sobre as funções executivas. Tem sido proposto que as oscilações na faixa de frequência ß são evidenciadas durante a atividade sensório-motora. OBJETIVO: Investigar as alterações eletroencefalográficas influenciadas por exercícios aeróbio e resistido realizados em uma tarefa atencional analisando as diferenças da potência absoluta de ß nas regiões pré-frontal e frontal antes, na preparação e depois do paradigma oddball em praticantes e não praticantes de exercício físico. MéTODOS: Foram recrutados 15 praticantes de atividade física (idade 27 ± 4.71) e 15 não praticantes (idade 28 ± 1.50). Uma análise de variância (ANOVA) de duas vias foi implementada para observação do efeito principal e a interação entre os grupos e os momentos (repouso 1, pré-estímulo e repouso 2). RESULTADOS: Uma interação entre os fatores grupo e momento para Fp1 (p < 0,001); Fp2 (p = 0,001); F7 (p < 0,001); F8 (p < 0,001); F3 (p < 0,001); Fz (p < 0,001); e F4 (p < 0,001) foi observada. Os achados eletrofisiológicos esclareceram a especificidade e a eficiência neural dos praticantes de exercício físico em cada subárea pré-frontal e frontal. CONCLUSãO: Nossos achados promovem o entendimento atual dos processos cognitivos subjacentes ao exercício físico e acrescentam novas evidências sobre a relação exercício e atividade cortical.

IMP3, CDK4, MDM2 and ß-catenin expression in Enchondroma and Central Chondrosarcoma: Diagnostic and prognostic utility.

INTRODUCTION: The role of IMP3, CDK4, MDM2 and ß-catenin proteins in Enchondroma and Central Chondrosarcoma is not totally understood. The aim of this study is to evaluate the immunoexpression of these proteins, associating histological grade, clinical data and prognosis to these tumors. METHODS: This is a retrospective-analytical study of 32 Enchondroma and 70 Central Chondrosarcoma. RESULTS: IMP3, CDK4, MDM2 and ß-catenin expression was observed in 22.82 %, 13.82 %, 17.17 % and in 8.8 % of cases, respectively. All Enchondromas positive for these immunomarkers were located in short tubular bones. The positivity for these antibodies is directly proportional to Chondrosarcoma's histological grade increase. No difference was found between Enchondroma and Chondrosarcoma, Grade 1 for IMP3, CDK4 and ß-catenin positivity. Significant metastasis outcome was observed for IMP3, CDK4, MDM2 and death for MDM2 expression. CONCLUSION: IMP3, CDK4, MDM2 and ß-catenin expression in Enchondromas of short bones phenotypically characterizes these tumors. Their expression has not proven to be useful either as diagnostic markers of these neoplasms or in distinguishing between Enchondroma and Chondrosarcoma, Grade 1. The significant immunoexpression of IMP3, CDK4 and MDM2 in metastatic Chondrosarcoma and the lower survival in those with positivity for MDM2 suggest a possible association of these proteins with tumor aggressiveness.

Polymorphic variation of the DEFB1 gene might contribute to the development of ankylosing spondylitis: a preliminary study.

BACKGROUND: Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is an inflammatory disease that affects the spine and can cause peripheral arthritis, enthesitis, and dactylitis, as well as extra-articular manifestations such as uveitis and inflammatory bowel disease. ß-Defensins are antimicrobial peptides involved in the activation and regulation of several immune cell types that may influence the inflammatory response in AS. The aim was to analyze the association and interaction of two functional variants of the DEFB1 gene in AS patients, and their role with inflammatory markers. METHODS AND RESULTS: The rs11362 and rs1800972 variants were genotyped using TaqMan probes in Mexican AS patients and controls. C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were quantified. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis and multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) for interactions. The AA and GG genotypes were associated with AS risk in the age- and sex-adjusted model (OR = 6.89, P = 0.008 and OR = 3.43, P = 0.046, respectively); furthermore, the A-G haplotype showed a significant association with AS risk (OR = 2.94, P = 0.012). ESR and CRP were elevated in carriers of the AA genotype compared to the GA and GG genotypes of the rs11362 variant (20.89 ± 9.78 vs. 5.63 ± 4.61 and 4.10 ± 2.65 mm/h, P < 0.0001; and 10.92 ± 14.09 vs. 2.14 ± 2.02 and 2.15 ± 2.13 mg/L, P < 0.001, respectively). Using the MDR method, strong interactions of the rs11362 variant with sex were identified in the adjusted and unadjusted models. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the DEFB1 gene may play a key role in AS pathogenesis.

Sexual Abuse, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Psychopathological Characteristics in Women with Functional/Dissociative Seizures.

BACKGROUND: Functional/dissociative seizures (FDS), also known as psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES), are sudden, transient, and involuntary events that include motor, sensory, cognitive or autonomic function alterations. In this work we analyzed the psychopathological characteristics of a subgroup of women who suffer from FDS with the aim to analyze the role of psychological trauma, with special emphasis on trauma due to sexual abuse (SA). METHODS: Forty-five women diagnosed with FDS were included in the study (age range 18 to 64 years, mean = 34.7, standard deviation (SD) = 13.1). Clinical and psychopathological characteristics were reviewed. All patients have completed the clinical interviews, the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID II) and the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) according to a special protocol for mental health assessment. Also, the history of sexual abuse trauma, the history of other non-sexual traumas and absence of history of trauma were reviewed. RESULTS: Eighty percent of the cases reported a history of trauma, and 40% reported a history of SA. Patients with a history of SA presented a significantly lower average age of seizure onset than patients with a history of other non-sexual traumas (p = 0.021). Significant associations were found between SA and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (p = 0.031), and SA and history of suicide attempts (p = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS: SA carries serious implications for the mental health of women suffering from FDS. Mental health professionals must consider the history of this type of trauma to provide the necessary care for this patient population.

Orthohantavirus diversity in Central-East Argentina: Insights from complete genomic sequencing on phylogenetics, Geographic patterns and transmission scenarios.

Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS), characterized by its high fatality rate, poses a significant public health concern in Argentina due to the increasing evidence of person-to-person transmission of Andes virus. Several orthohantaviruses were described in the country, but their phylogenetic relationships were inferred from partial genomic sequences. The objectives of this work were to assess the viral diversity of the most prevalent orthohantaviruses associated with HPS cases in the Central-East (CE) region of Argentina, elucidate the geographic patterns of distribution of each variant and reconstruct comprehensive phylogenetic relationships utilizing complete genomic sequencing. To accomplish this, a detailed analysis was conducted of the geographic distribution of reported cases within the most impacted province of the region. A representative sample of cases was then selected to generate a geographic map illustrating the distribution of viral variants. Complete viral genomes were obtained from HPS cases reported in the region, including some from epidemiologically linked cases. The phylogenetic analysis based on complete genomes defined two separate clades in Argentina: Andes virus in the Southwestern region and Andes-like viruses in other parts of the country. In the CE region, Buenos Aires virus and Lechiguanas virus clearly segregate in two subclades. Complete genomes were useful to distinguish person-to-person transmission from environmental co-exposure to rodent population. This study enhances the understanding of the genetic diversity, geographical spread, and transmission dynamics of orthohantaviruses in Central Argentina and prompt to consider the inclusion of Buenos Aires virus and Lechiguanas virus in the species Orthohantavirus andesense, as named viruses.

Hipersensibilidade dentária cervical: protocolo clínico de aplicação do DSP Gluhem Desensitizer™ / Cervical dentinary hypersensitivity: clinical protocol for the application of DSP Gluhem Desensitizer™

O objetivo do presente estudo foi estabelecer um protocolo clínico de aplicação do produto DSP Desensitizer Gluhem em dentes com exposição radicular sem perda de estrutura dentária, e fazer uma análise dissertativa sobre o principal componente desse produto: glutaraldeído, no tratamento da hipersensibilidade dentinária. Para isso, a paciente apresentou-se à Clínica Odontológica da UFF| Niterói ­ RJ, queixando-se de sensibilidade intensa ao frio nos elementos 13 e 34. Primeiramente, foram coletadas informações durante a anamnese, e ao exame clínico foi observada recessão gengival e exposição radicular nesses elementos, porém não havia perda de estrutura dentária. Inicialmente foi feita a avaliação do nível de dor, com uso da Escala Analógica de Dor que pontua os níveis de dor de 0 a 10, sendo 0 "nenhuma dor' e 10 "pior dor possível". Após o questionamento, fez-se a secagem da região com jato de ar e aplicou-se o dessensibilizante Gluhem em solução por toda região cervical do elemento 13 até a margem gengival por 40 segundos com posterior secagem e lavagem com água. Também foi feita a aplicação da formulação em gel no elemento 34 seguindo o mesmo protocolo. A paciente não reagiu a dor após o protocolo. Conclui-se que o produto DSP Gluhem tanto na apresentação de solução como em gel atuaram efetivamente na sintomatologia dolorosa da HDC nas duas aplicações realizadas.

The objective of the present study was to establish a clinical protocol for the application of the product GSP Desensitizer Gluhem in teeth with root exposure without loss of tooth structure, and to carry out a dissertation analysis on the main component of this product: glutaraldehyde, in the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity. For this, the patient went to the Dental Clinic of UFF| Niterói - RJ, complaining of intense sensitivity to cold in elements 13 and 34. First, information was collected during the anamnesis, and the clinical examination showed gingival recession and root exposure in these elements, but there was no loss of tooth structure. Initially, the pain level was evaluated using the Analog Pain Scale, which scores pain levels from 0 to 10, with 0 being "no pain" and 10 "worst possible pain". After questioning, the region was dried with an air jet and the desensitizing Gluhem solution was applied throughout the entire cervical region of element 13 up to the gingival margin for 40 seconds with subsequent drying and washing with water. The gel formulation was also applied to element 34 following the same protocol. The patient did not react to pain after the protocol. It is concluded that the product DSP Gluhem, both in solution and in gel presentation, effectively acted on the painful symptomatology of HDC in the two applications performed.

Epidemiología y clínica de los pacientes con lepra en un centro de referencia de Paraguay / Epidemiology and clinical features of patients with leprosy in a reference center in Paraguay

RESUMEN Introducción: lepra (enfermedad de Hansen) es una patología infecciosa desatendida que afecta piel y nervios periféricos, desencadenando neuropatías y complicaciones como deformidades y discapacidades. Objetivos: determinar características epidemiológicas y clínicas de pacientes con lepra en el Centro de Especialidades Dermatológicas del Ministerio de Salud Pública y Bienestar Social de Paraguay, de enero 2021 a diciembre 2022. Metodología: estudio descriptivo, observacional, retrospectivo, de corte transversal. La gestión y análisis de datos se realizó en planilla electrónica (Excel del programa Microsoft Office 365 versión 2405), luego se realizó estadística descriptiva. Resultados: se diagnosticaron 123 casos de lepra, 45 (36,58 %) eran mujeres y 78 (63,42 %) varones; las edades estaban entre 17 y 86 años, el rango más afectado fue de 41 a 50 años. Eran lepra multibacilar 112 casos (91,06%). El signo más frecuente fue la placa infiltrada, presentada en 88 casos (71,54%). 58 pacientes (47,15%) presentaron reacciones lepromatosas, siendo, 31 casos de tipo 1 (53,45 %). 34 casos (27,64%) presentaron discapacidad grado 1 y 10 casos (8,13%) discapacidad grado 2. Conclusión: el perfil del paciente con lepra fue del sexo masculino entre 41 a 50 años, siendo la mayoría casos multibacilares. Es fundamentales el diagnóstico precoz y el tratamiento adecuado para reducir la carga de la enfermedad y las discapacidades.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Leprosy (Hansen's disease) is a neglected infectious disease that affects skin and peripheral nerves, triggering neuropathies and complications such as deformities and disabilities. Objective: determine epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with Leprosy in the Dermatological Specialties Center of the Ministry of Public Health and Social Welfare of Paraguay, from January 2021 to December 2022. Methodology: descriptive, observational, retrospective, cross-sectional study. Data management and analysis was carried out in an electronic spreadsheet (Excel from Microsoft Office 365 version 2405), then descriptive statistics were performed. Results: 123 cases of leprosy were diagnosed, 45 (36.58 %) were women and 78 (63.42 %) were men; the ages were between 17 and 86 years, the most affected range was 41 to 50 years. 112 cases (91.06 %) were multibacillary leprosy. The most frequent sign was infiltrated plaque, present in 88 cases (71.54 %). 58 patients (47.15 %) presented lepromatous reactions, 31 cases of type 1 (53.45 %). 34 cases (27.64 %) presented grade 1 disability and 10 cases (8.13 %) grade 2 disability. Conclusion: The profile of the patient with leprosy was male between 41 and 50 years, the majority being multibacillary cases. Early diagnosis and adequate treatment are essential to reduce the burden of the disease and disabilities.

¿Cómo llega el paciente asmático al servicio de emergencias? Datos del estudio multicéntrico SABINA EMERGENCIAS / How Does the Asthmatic Patient Arrive at the Emergency Department? Data from the SABINA EMERGENCIAS Multicenter Study

Introducción: Los objetivos del control del asma son prevenir la aparición de síntomas y reducir el riesgo de exacerbaciones y mortalidad mediante educación médica, técnica inhalatoria, adherencia a medicación controladora e indicación de planes de acción (PA); pero los pacientes enfrentan exacerbaciones de diversa gravedad. Objetivos: El objetivo principal del estudio SABINA EMERGENCIAS fue describir la forma en que los pacientes concurren al servicio de emergencias (SE), considerando la frecuencia y uso de medicación de rescate. Objetivos secundarios: consultas al SE; uso de corticoides sistémicos (CS), agonistas beta-2 de acción corta (SABA) y tratamiento controlador; disponibilidad de PA. Material y Métodos: Estudio transversal, observacional, descriptivo, en cuatro hospitales del área metropolitana de Buenos Aires en adultos con asma. Resultados: n=323 (edad: 43,7±16,8 años; mujeres: 66,6%): 61,3% no eran seguidos por especialistas; 90,1% utilizaron SABA como rescate (mediana:10 inhalaciones; rango 0-100) la semana previa; 75,9% tuvieron ≥1 consulta al SE el año previo (mediana:2 [0-100]); 29,4% habían sido hospitalizados; 59,1% recibieron ≥1 ciclo de CS; mediana de consumo de SABA: 3 envases/año (0-23); 51,7% habían utilizado ≥3 envases; 30% no empleaban tratamiento de mantenimiento (23% usaba SABA); 75,9% no efectuaban terapia regular de mantenimiento; 77,1% no contaban con PA. Conclusión: Una reducida proporción de pacientes asmáticos que concurren al SE son seguidos por médicos especialistas, con alto consumo y elevada frecuencia de aplicación de SABA como rescate y baja adherencia al tratamiento de mantenimiento. Se remarca la necesidad de optimizar el manejo, con énfasis en la derivación al especialista, adherencia al tratamiento y prescripción de PA.

Introduction: The objectives of asthma control are to prevent the onset of symptoms and reduce the risk of exacerbations and mortality through medical education, inhaler technique, adherence to controller medication and indication of action plans (AP); but patients experience exacerbations of varying severity. Objective: The main objective of the SABINA EMERGENCIAS study was to describe how patients attend the emergency department (ED), considering the frequency and use of rescue medication. Secondary objectives: ED visits; use of systemic corticosteroids (SC), short-acting beta-2 agonists (SABA) and controller therapy; availability of AP. Methods: Cross-sectional, observational, descriptive study in 4 hospitals in the metropolitan area of Buenos Aires in adults with asthma. Results: n=323 (age:43.7±16.8 years; women:66.6%): 61.3% were not followed by specialists; 90.1% used SABA as rescue medication (median:10 puffs; range 0-100) the previous week; 75.9% had ≥1 visit to the ES the previous year (median: 2 [0-100]); 29.4% had been hospitalized; 59.1% received ≥1 cycle of CS; median SABA consumption: 3 cannisters/year (0-23); 51.7% had used ≥3 cannisters; 30% did not use maintenance therapy (23% used SABA); 75.9% did not perform regular maintenance therapy; 77.1% did not have an AP. Conclusion: A small proportion of asthmatic patients attending the ES are followed by specialist physicians, with high consumption and high frequency of SABA application as rescue medication and low adherence to maintenance treatment. The need to optimize management is highlighted, with emphasis on referral to specialists, adherence to treatment and prescription of APs.

Relación densidad septo-ventrículo izquierdo como parámetro de detección de anemia en tomografía computarizada no contrastada de tórax en observadores con entrenamiento básico / Septum-Left Ventricular Density Ratio as a Parameter for Detecting Anemia in Non-Contrasted Chest Computed Tomography in Observers with Basic Training

Introducción: La anemia es frecuentemente subdiagnosticada dada su vaga sintomatología. Estudios con evaluación subjetiva-visual por expertos describen signos tomográficos sugerentes de anemia, tales como el septo denso. Proponemos que lectores con entrenamiento básico realicen mediciones objetivas de alto poder estadístico para la detección de anemia. Material y Métodos: Se cruzaron datos de tomografía computarizada (TC) de tórax no contrastada (2021) con medición de hemoglobina plasmática (Hb) realizada 24 horas antes o después del estudio tomográfico. Dos estudiantes de Medicina, previamente entrenados, realizaron mediciones de Unidades Hounsfield (UH) en el septo interventri-cular (SIV) y cavidades ventriculares derecho (VD) e izquierdo (VI). Las relaciones SIV/VI y SIV/VD se correlacionaron con los valores de Hb. Se analizó la variabilidad interob-servador y se determinó el punto de corte óptimo para detectar anemia. Resultados: En una muestra de 112 casos, hubo alta concordancia interobservador con r de 0,85 (VD), 0,67 (SIV) y 0,87 (VI). La relación SIV/VI obtuvo el mayor AUC con 0,86 (IC 95%: 0,72 a 0,91), con una sensibilidad de 80% y especificidad de 88% utilizando un punto de corte de 1,15. Conclusiones: La razón SIV/VI con punto de corte de 1,15 es un parámetro confiable para detectar anemia mediante TC de tórax no contrastada, en observadores con entrenamiento básico.

Introduction: Anemia is frequently underdiagnosed given its vague symptomatology. Studies with subjective-visual evaluation by experts describe tomographic signs suggestive of anemia, such as a dense septum. This study aims to evaluate if readers with basic training can perform high statistical value measurements for anemia detection. Material and Methods: Data of non-contrast thoracic computed tomography (CT) (2021) with a measurement of plasma hemoglobin (Hb) performed 24 hours before or after the CT were identified. Two previously trained medical students performed measurements of Hounsfield Units (HU) on the interventricular septum (IVS) and right (RV) and left (LV) ventricular cavities. The SIV/VI and SIV/VD ratios were correlated with Hb values. Interobserver variability was analyzed and the optimal cut-off point to detect anemia was determined. Results: In a sample of 112 cases, there was a high interobserver correlation with r of 0.85 (VD), 0.67 (SIV), and 0.87 (VI). SIV/VI ratio obtained the highest AUC with 0.86 (95% CI: 0.72 to 0.91), with a sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 88% using a cut-off point of 1.15. Conclusions: The SIV/VI ratio with a cut-off point of 1.15 is a reliable parameter to detect anemia using non-contrast chest CT in observers with basic training.