Linked lives: intergenerational transmission of labour-market pathways between parent dyads and children.

While a vast number of studies confirm the transmission of labour-market disadvantages from one generation to the next, less is known about how parents' interconnected labour-market pathways co-evolve and shape the opportunities and obstacles for their children's future careers. This study uses a multidimensional view of intergenerational transmission by describing the most typical pathways of parents' occupational careers and assesses how these patterns are associated with their children's labour-market outcomes. Drawing on Swedish longitudinal register data, we used multichannel sequence analysis to follow a cohort of people born in 1985 (n = 72,409) and their parents across 26 years. We identified four parental earning models, differentiating between (1) dual earners with high wages, (2) dual earners with low-wage, (3) one-and-a-half-earners and (4) mother as the main breadwinner. Regression analysis shows strong intergenerational transmission among the most advantageous trajectories, with education as a key determinant for young people to become less dependent on family resources. This study stresses the importance of intra-couple perspectives in life course research to understand how inequalities are shaped and preserved across generations.

The Labor Market Integration of Women Having Suffered Gender Violence: Some Critical Questions.

The integration of women victims of gender-based violence (WVGBV) in the labor market is key to women's autonomy and empowerment. After pursuing some personal stability in different domains (emotional, physical, relational, etc.), these women require a further step toward recovery, which is often related to financial independence and, therefore, to their integration in the labor market. In this article, we describe the results of a study that focused on the actions aimed at integrating WVGBV into the labor market in the region of Andalusia (Spain). Based on a qualitative methodology, we collected the narratives and perspectives of the different actors involved in these processes (public administrations, nongovernmental organizations, the business world, and the WVGBV). The results revealed a series of deficiencies in social intervention methodologies that can sometimes lead to greater social exclusion. In conclusion, we believe that more participatory methodologies in their design, incorporating the views of woman themselves, are necessary.

Exploring the interplay of psychiatric symptoms, antipsychotic medications, side effects, employment status, and quality of life in Chronic Schizophrenia.

BACKGROUND: Many factors contribute to quality of life (QoL) in patients with schizophrenia, yet limited research examined these factors in patients in China. This cross-sectional study explores subjective QoL and its associated factors in patients. METHODS: The QoL was assessed using the Schizophrenia Quality of Life Scale (SQLS). Clinical symptoms were evaluated using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) and seven factors were extracted. Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) were used to assess depression and anxiety. Cognitive impairment was assessed using the Ascertain Dementia 8 (AD8). The Treatment Emergent Symptom Scale (TESS) and Rating Scale for Extrapyramidal Side Effects (RSESE) were used to evaluate the side effects of medications. RESULTS: We recruited 270 patients (male:142,52.6%, mean age:41.9 ± 9.4 years). Positive correlations were observed between SQLS and its subdomains with the total score of BPRS, PHQ-9, GAD-7, AD8, TESS, and RSESE (all P < 0.005). Patients who were taking activating second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) had lower scores on total SQLS, Motivation/ Energy domain of SQLS (SQLS-ME) as well as Symptoms/ Side effects domain of SQLS (SQLS-SS) compared to those taking non-activating SGAs (all P < 0.005). Multiple regression analysis showed that depressive/ anxiety symptoms and cognitive impairment had significant negative effects on QoL (P ≤ 0.001), while activating SGAs had a positive effect (P < 0.005). Blunted affect and unemployment were inversely associated with the motivation/energy domain (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Our findings emphasize the important role of depression/anxiety symptoms and cognitive impairment in the QoL of patients with chronic schizophrenia. Activating SGAs and employment may improve the QoL of these individuals. TRIAL REGISTRATION: This protocol was registered at chictr.org.cn (Identifier: ChiCTR2100043537).

Disability and labour market participation among smallholder farmers in Western Kenya.

BACKGROUND: Despite the importance of labour market participation and the high number of people with disabilities in rural Africa who rely on subsistence agriculture to survive, very few studies have documented labour market outcomes among farmers with and without disabilities in Africa. OBJECTIVE: We examined how labour market participation differed by disability and other factors among smallholder farmers in Western Kenya. METHODS: We use cross-sectional data collected between January and April 2022 from sorghum farmers enrolled in a trial evaluating the impact of a programme designed to improve labour market participation among sorghum farmers in rural Western Kenya. Disability and Labour market outcomes were assessed using questions from the Washington Group /ILO Labor Force Survey Disability Module the ILO Labour Force Survey module respectively. Univariate and multiple regression analyses were conducted to identify socio-demographic characteristics and other related factors associated with labour market participation. RESULTS: Among 4459 participants, disability was reported by 20.3% of women and 12.3% of men. Labour market participation was reported by 77.1% and 81.3% of women and men, respectively. Adjusting for demographic confounders, having a disability was associated with a lower likelihood of labour market participation (odds ratio 0.59, 95% confidence interval, 0.42-0.83, P = 0.001). These findings were similar in a modified model that looked at functional difficulties separately from anxiety and depression. Women, older participants, and those who were dependent on others were also more likely not to report participation in the labour market. CONCLUSIONS: Increased recognition and understanding of functional limitations among smallholder farmers is vital for the success of economic empowerment programmes aimed at increasing labour market participation among the most vulnerable populations.

Association of human capital development and women's employment in China, 1990-2020: An empirical assessment.

This study was designed to assess the connection between human capital development and the employment of women in China from 1990 to 2020. Data was collected from the World Development Indicators, after which it was subjected to Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares and Granger causality econometric analysis. The results from the study showed that human capital development and women employment had a negative but insignificant relationship. Similarly, a unidirectional relationship existed between female employment and government capital expenditure in China, while a bidirectional association ran between women employment and government expenditure on education in the country. Therefore, it is concluded that human capital development and government expenditure on education are the strong motivating factors that drive GDP growth rate and women employment in China. Consequently, we recommend that policymakers in China should consider massive investment in human capital development in order to enhance women employment in the country. Additionally, policymakers should embark on policies and programmes that foster the expansion of China`s GDP growth rate as a measure to increase employment opportunities for women.

Cette étude a été conçue pour évaluer le lien entre le développement du capital humain et l'emploi des femmes en Chine de 1990 à 2020. Les données ont été collectées à partir des indicateurs de développement mondial, après quoi elles ont été soumises à une analyse économétrique des moindres carrés ordinaires dynamiques et de la causalité de Granger. Les résultats de l'étude ont montré que le développement du capital humain et l'emploi des femmes entretenaient une relation négative mais insignifiante. De même, il existait une relation unidirectionnelle entre l'emploi des femmes et les dépenses publiques en capital en Chine, tandis qu'une association bidirectionnelle existait entre l'emploi des femmes et les dépenses publiques d'éducation dans le pays. Par conséquent, nous concluons que le développement du capital humain et les dépenses publiques consacrées à l'éducation sont les principaux facteurs de motivation qui déterminent le taux de croissance du PIB et l'emploi des femmes en Chine. Par conséquent, nous recommandons aux décideurs politiques chinois d'envisager des investissements massifs dans le développement du capital humain afin d'améliorer l'emploi des femmes dans le pays. En outre, les décideurs politiques devraient se lancer dans des politiques et des programmes qui favorisent l'expansion du taux de croissance du PIB chinois afin d'augmenter les opportunités d'emploi pour les femmes.

Cost of lost productivity in inflammatory arthritis and osteoarthritis in the year before and after diagnosis: An inception cohort study.

AIM: Existing studies on the cost of inflammatory arthritis (IA) and osteoarthritis (OA) are often cross-sectional and/or involve patients with various disease durations, thus not providing a comprehensive perspective on the cost of illness from the time of diagnosis. In this study, we therefore assessed the cost of lost productivity in an inception cohort of patients with IA and OA in the year before and after diagnosis. METHODS: Employment status, monthly income, days absent from work, and presenteeism were collected at diagnosis and 1 year later to estimate the annual costs of unemployment, absenteeism, and presenteeism using human capital approach. Non-parametric bootstrapping was performed to account for the uncertainty of the estimated costs. RESULTS: Compared to patients with OA (n = 64), patients with IA (n = 102, including 48 rheumatoid arthritis, 19 spondyloarthritis, 23 psoriatic arthritis, and 12 seronegative IA patients) were younger (mean age: 52.3 vs. 59.5 years) with a greater proportion receiving treatment (99.0% vs. 67.2%) and a greater decrease in presenteeism score (median: 15% vs 10%) 1 year after diagnosis. Annual costs of absenteeism and presenteeism were lower in patients with IA than those with OA both in the year before (USD566 vs. USD733 and USD8,472 vs. USD10,684, respectively) and after diagnosis (USD636 vs. USD1,035 and USD6,866 vs. USD9,362, respectively). CONCLUSION: Both IA and OA impose substantial cost of lost productivity in the year before and after diagnosis. The greater improvement in productivity seen in patients with IA suggests that treatment for IA improves work productivity.

Factors Affecting Patients' Atttendance for Periodontal Follow-up Visits after Crown Lengthening Surgery.

PURPOSE: To assess adherence to follow-up maintenance visits among patients who had previously undergone crown-lengthening surgery and investigate the different factors impacting their compliance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 314 patients were identified for follow-up appointments. Based on their responses, participants were categorised into four groups: attendees, non-attendees, refusals, and unreachable. Furthermore, data on sociodemographic factors (age, sex, nationality, marital status, education, occupation, and residential area), medical history, dental history (including missing teeth, implants, or orthodontic treatment history), and past appointment attendance (average yearly appointments, missed appointment percentage, and last appointment date) were collected and analysed to understand their influence on patient compliance. RESULTS: In a sample of 314 patients, 102 (32.5%) attended the appointments successfully. Improved attendance rates were significantly associated with being female, Saudi Arabian, married, and employed (p < 0.05). Moreover, patients with a high frequency of annual appointments and a recent history of appointments exhibited better compliance. None of the analysed dental factors affected the attendance rates. CONCLUSION: About one-third of patients who had undergone crown lengthening surgery were compliant with the follow-up visits. Different factors influenced this compliance pattern to varying extents, with more efforts needed to enhance patients' commitment to these visits.

A Qualitative Study of Internal Medicine Subspecialty Fellowship Program Directors' Perspectives on Short-Term Hospitalist Employment Prior to Fellowship.

Background Some internal medicine (IM) residents pursuing subspecialty training choose short-term hospitalist employment prior to fellowship, or "pre-fellowship hospitalist years." Residency and fellowship program directors (PDs) advise residents on this decision, but PD experience with fellows pursuing pre-fellowship hospitalist years and the impact on fellowship applications is unknown. Objective We aimed to explore perceptions of fellowship PDs regarding experience with fellows who pursued pre-fellowship hospitalist years, including perceived effects on how such years affect fellowship application candidacy. Methods A purposive sample of 20 fellowship PDs in the most highly competitive and commonly selected IM fellowships (cardiology, pulmonology/critical care medicine, hematology/oncology, gastroenterology) from 5 academic institutions were approached for participation in fall 2021. Interviews included semi-structured questions about pre-fellowship hospitalist employment. Utilizing rapid qualitative analysis, interview transcripts were summarized and reviewed to identify themes and subthemes describing fellowship PDs' perspectives of pre-fellowship hospitalist years. Results Sixteen fellowship PDs (80%) participated. PDs identified 4 major themes as important for trainees considering pre-fellowship hospitalist years: (1) Explain the "Why"-why the year was pursued; (2) Characteristics of the Hospitalist Position-what type of employment; (3) The Challenges-potential concerns faced with pre-fellowship hospitalist years; and (4) Describe the "What"-the experience's contribution to resident professional development. Conclusions Fellowship PDs in 4 competitive IM subspecialities placed a strong emphasis on explaining a clear, logical reason for seeking short-term hospitalist employment prior to fellowship, describing how it fits into the overall career trajectory, and selecting activities that demonstrate continued commitment to the subspecialty.

Perceived warmth and competence predict callback rates in meta-analyzed North American labor market experiments.

Extensive literature probes labor market discrimination through correspondence studies in which researchers send pairs of resumes to employers, which are closely matched except for social signals such as gender or ethnicity. Upon perceiving these signals, individuals quickly activate associated stereotypes. The Stereotype Content Model (SCM; Fiske 2002) categorizes these stereotypes into two dimensions: warmth and competence. Our research integrates findings from correspondence studies with theories of social psychology, asking: Can discrimination between social groups, measured through employer callback disparities, be predicted by warmth and competence perceptions of social signals? We collect callback rates from 21 published correspondence studies, varying for 592 social signals. On those social signals, we collected warmth and competence perceptions from an independent group of online raters. We found that social perception predicts callback disparities for studies varying race and gender, which are indirectly signaled by names on these resumes. Yet, for studies adjusting other categories like sexuality and disability, the influence of social perception on callbacks is inconsistent. For instance, a more favorable perception of signals like parenthood does not consistently lead to increased callbacks, underscoring the necessity for further research. Our research offers pivotal strategies to address labor market discrimination in practice. Leveraging the warmth and competence framework allows for the predictive identification of bias against specific groups without extensive correspondence studies. By distilling hiring discrimination into these two dimensions, we not only facilitate the development of decision support systems for hiring managers but also equip computer scientists with a foundational framework for debiasing Large Language Models and other methods that are increasingly employed in hiring processes.

A life marked by early school leaving: gendered working life paths linked to health and well-being over 40 years.

BACKGROUND: There is increasing awareness of the need to analyse symptoms of mental ill-health among early school leavers. Dropping out of compulsory education limits access to the labour market and education and could be related to deteriorating mental health over the course of a lifetime. The aim of this longitudinal study is to explore how early school leavers not in education, employment or training (NEET) narrate their working life trajectories linked to health, agency and gender relations. METHODS: Twelve early school leavers in the Swedish Northern Cohort (six women and six men) were interviewed over 40 years about their working life and health. Their life stories were analysed using structural narrative analysis to examine the evolution of their working life paths and to identify commonalities, variations and gendered patterns. RESULTS: All the participants started in the same position of "an unhealthy gendered working life in youth due to NEET status". Subsequently, three distinct working life paths evolved: "a precarious gendered working life with negative health implications", "a stable gendered working life in health challenging jobs" and "a self-realising gendered working life with improved health". Agency was negotiated through struggle narratives, survival narratives, coping narratives and redemption narratives. CONCLUSIONS: Even in a welfare regime like Sweden's in the early 1980s, early school leavers not in education, employment or training experienced class-related and gendered working and living conditions, which created unequal conditions for health. Despite Sweden's active labour market policies and their own practices of agency, the participants still ended up NEET and with precarious working life paths. Labour market policies should prioritise reducing unemployment, combating precarious employment, creating job opportunities, providing training and subsidised employment in healthy environments, and offering grants to re-enter further education. Our study highlights the need for further analyses of the contextual and gendered expressions of health among early school leavers throughout their lifetime, and of individual agency in various contexts for overcoming adversities.

Symptoms, work situation and work functioning 10 years after rehabilitation of stress-induced exhaustion disorder.

BACKGROUND: Stress-induced exhaustion disorder (SED) is the most common reason for long-term sick leave in Sweden and the recovery process may be long and troublesome. This study explores the symptoms of burnout, depression and anxiety among patients with SED 10 years after termination of a multimodal rehabilitation program. Another aim of the study was to investigate work situation, work functioning, and any remaining exhaustion and sleeping disorders among those who were gainfully employed at the 10-year follow-up. METHODS: This longitudinal study included 107 patients (91 women and 16 men), who had been diagnosed with SED 10 years prior to the study. After establishing the diagnosis they all underwent and completed an multimodal rehabilitation program. Data on symptoms of burnout, anxiety and depression were collected before and after the multimodal rehabilitation program, and at follow-ups after additional 1 year and an additional 10 years. At the 10-year follow-up, work situation, work functioning, and symptoms of exhaustion and sleep disorders were assessed in those who were gainfully employed (89 patients). RESULTS: Symptoms of burnout, anxiety, and depression remained stable from the 1- to the 10-year follow-up after completed rehabilitation. Among participants who were gainfully employed, 73% had changed workplaces, and 31.5% had reduced their working hours. Common reasons for these changes were lack of energy or because they had chosen to prioritise their lives differently. Work functioning was rated as moderate, one third self-reported SED to some extent, and one fifth reported moderate-to-severe insomnia. CONCLUSION: A relatively large proportion of former patients with SED have residual health problems 10 years after rehabilitation and some have not been able to return to full-time work. Preventive and early rehabilitative interventions with adjustments and measures at the organisational level are probably needed to achieve a more sustainable working life.

Breastfeeding among women employed in Mexico's informal sector: strategies to overcome key barriers.

BACKGROUND: Rates of exclusive breastfeeding fall below recommended levels, particularly among women in paid employment. In Mexico, more than half of women are in informal employment, meaning they lack many of the protections that may support breastfeeding. METHODS: In-depth interviews with 15 key informants representing government agencies (n = 6 organizations), NGOs (n = 4), international organizations (n = 2), and academia (n = 2) in Mexico. Interviews were conducted between March and June 2023. To understand and describe barriers to breastfeeding among informally employed women in Mexico according to key informants and the current and potential policies to address these barriers, we conducted a qualitative thematic analysis. RESULTS: Current policies to promote, protect, and support breastfeeding predominantly apply to all employed women, but respondents expressed concern that they did not provide adequate protection for women in informal employment. Additional themes concerned the need for relevant programs to be institutionalized and coordinated, discussions of breastfeeding as a right, and the legal equivalence (whether true in practice or not) of formal and informal workers. CONCLUSIONS: Women employed in Mexico's informal sector face a dearth of maternity protections. According to key informants, few policies exist to promote, protect, and support breastfeeding among employed women, in general, but the economic vulnerability and challenging working conditions of women in informal employment exacerbates their situation. The lack of access to formal labor protections, such as paid maternity leave, creates a significant barrier to breastfeeding for women in the informal sector. Recommendations include short-term policies to fill gaps in social protection for informally employed women, as well as longer-term solutions such as the development of universal social protection programs and supporting formalization.

Love over gold and mind over matter? Identifying capabilities that preserve medical assistants' sustainable employability.

BACKGROUND: Medical assistants (MAs) are crucial for affordable, high-quality primary care, but what motivates this low-wage occupational group to stay in their job remains underexplored. This paper identifies the work aspects that MAs value ("capabilities"), and how they affect sustainable employability, which refers to employees' long-term ability to function and remain in their job. METHODS: We used structural equation modelling to assess how capabilities relate to four outcomes among MAs: burnout, job satisfaction, intention to quit, and experiencing work as meaningful. RESULTS: We find that earning a good income, developing knowledge and skills, and having meaningful relationships at work relate to the outcomes. Meaningful relationships represent a stronger predictor than salary for one's intention to quit. CONCLUSIONS: Competitive salaries are necessary but not sufficient to motivate low-wage health care workers like MAs to stay in their job. Health care leaders and managers should also structure work so that MAs can foster meaningful relationships with others as well as develop competencies.

Frameworks describing the transition to open labour employment for persons with mild and moderate intellectual disability: a scoping review protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Persons with mild and moderate intellectual disability (MMID) have the right to participate in all aspects of society and be afforded equal opportunities to realise their full potential. However, it is a challenge for persons with MMID to find and maintain employment due to many different barriers. Currently, there is no contextually relevant framework in South Africa that considers the unique employment support needs and accommodation of persons with MMID, which can guide and inform the transition to employment interventions, strategies and national policy directives. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The proposed scoping review will be guided by the methodological framework developed by a working group from the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) and the JBI Collaboration. The search for relevant studies will be conducted across 12 research databases. Reference mining of review studies will be conducted. A three-step search strategy will be used, including the use of information management software to manage the search results. Three independent reviewers will screen the full-text studies to finalise the list of included and excluded studies. Included studies will be assessed for methodological quality using a critical appraisal tool. Data will be charted by one independent reviewer and assessed by two independent reviewers, using a data charting instrument. The data chart will be presented using tables and charts describing the demographic features of the reviewed studies, with an explanation of the thematically analysed results. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This scoping review has received ethical approval (BM22/10/11). A summary of the findings of the study will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. This scoping review will contribute to a better understanding of the key characteristics or factors underpinning the components of a multilevel transition to employment framework that will result in open labour market employment for persons with MMID.

Cognitive abilities, insurance decisions, and labor supply behavior: evidence from rural China.

Introduction: How cognitive abilities affect financial and economic decision is an important issue that has attracted the attention of economics. Method: This paper uses the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) 2010, 2014, and 2018 survey data to empirically test the impact of cognitive skills on the insurance participation decisions in rural China. Results and discussion: The results show that higher word ability is correlated to higher social health insurance participation and both word and math ability leads to higher social pension participation. Mechanism analysis reveals that individuals with higher cognitive skills are more likely to be affected by peers in insurance decision, and higher cognitive skills increase personal income that enables them to enroll in the social insurance. Further investigation of labor supply behavior suggests that while cognitive skills positively affect non-agricultural labor participation, cognitive skills amplify the negative effect of social security on labor supply.

Slow walking speed and health-related exit from employment among older workers over 5 years of follow-up: evidence from the Health and Employment After Fifty (HEAF) cohort study.

INTRODUCTION: With demographic changes, there is increasing demand for individuals and governments to lengthen working lives. Jobs that are very physically demanding are likely to be more difficult to sustain at older ages. If workers at risk of mismatch of demand and capability could be identified early, there would be opportunities for intervention for health or lifestyle and/or re-training or redeployment. OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether self-reported walking speed (a good measure of function in elderly people) predicted health-related job loss (HRJL) longitudinally over 5 years of follow-up among middle-aged workers. DESIGN: Data came from the Health and Employment After Fifty (HEAF) prospective cohort study of middle-aged people (aged 50-64 years) in UK. SETTING: General population survey (sampling frame was 24 General Practice registers). PARTICIPANTS: The cohort included 8134 people recruited in 2013-2014. For the current analyses, 5217 people who ever worked and completed at least one follow-up questionnaire were eligible. PRIMARY OUTCOME: Exit from employment mainly or partly for health reasons (HRJL). RESULTS: At baseline, very slow walking speed was associated with: obesity, physical inactivity, smoking (men), financial hardship, lower educational attainment and not being in professional occupations. In total, 527 people (10%) reported at least one HRJL during follow-up. After adjustment, the HR for HRJL among men with very slow walking-speed was 4.32, 95% CI 2.72 to 6.87 and among women was 4.47, 95% CI 3.04 to 6.57. After further adjustment for 'difficulty coping with physical demands at work', hazards remained doubled in men and women. CONCLUSIONS: Self-reported walking speed could help identify older workers who are at increased risk of HRJL. This could provide opportunities for intervention through optimising health and lifestyle, restricting physical workload, retraining or redeployment. Early appropriate intervention could enable longer working lives and promote healthier, more equal ageing.

Rationale, Design, and Baseline Characteristics of Participants in the Health@NUS mHealth Augmented Cohort Study Examining Student-to-Work Life Transition: Protocol for a Prospective Cohort Study.

BACKGROUND: Integration of mobile health data collection methods into cohort studies enables the collection of intensive longitudinal information, which gives deeper insights into individuals' health and lifestyle behavioral patterns over time, as compared to traditional cohort methods with less frequent data collection. These findings can then fill the gaps that remain in understanding how various lifestyle behaviors interact as students graduate from university and seek employment (student-to-work life transition), where the inability to adapt quickly to a changing environment greatly affects the mental well-being of young adults. OBJECTIVE: This paper aims to provide an overview of the study methodology and baseline characteristics of participants in Health@NUS, a longitudinal study leveraging mobile health to examine the trajectories of health behaviors, physical health, and well-being, and their diverse determinants, for young adults during the student-to-work life transition. METHODS: University students were recruited between August 2020 and June 2022 in Singapore. Participants would complete biometric assessments and questionnaires at 3 time points (baseline, 12-, and 24-month follow-up visits) and use a Fitbit smartwatch and smartphone app to continuously collect physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep, and dietary data over the 2 years. Additionally, up to 12 two-week-long bursts of app-based ecological momentary surveys capturing lifestyle behaviors and well-being would be sent out among the 3 time points. RESULTS: Interested participants (n=1556) were screened for eligibility, and 776 participants were enrolled in the study between August 2020 and June 2022. Participants were mostly female (441/776, 56.8%), of Chinese ethnicity (741/776, 92%), undergraduate students (759/776, 97.8%), and had a mean BMI of 21.9 (SD 3.3) kg/m2, and a mean age of 22.7 (SD 1.7) years. A substantial proportion were overweight (202/776, 26.1%) or obese (42/776, 5.4%), had indicated poor mental well-being (World Health Organization-5 Well-Being Index ≤50; 291/776, 37.7%), or were at higher risk for psychological distress (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale ≥13; 109/776, 14.1%). CONCLUSIONS: The findings from this study will provide detailed insights into the determinants and trajectories of health behaviors, health, and well-being during the student-to-work life transition experienced by young adults. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05154227; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05154227. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): DERR1-10.2196/56749.

"Capable of much more": The effects of vocational training on caregiver expectations for neurodivergent dependents in Thailand.

Neurodivergence encompasses a spectrum of natural variations in neurological development, including autism, ADHD, and other expressions of cognitive diversity. Caregiver experiences while supporting their neurodivergent dependents critically influence the quality of life outcomes for neurodivergent dependents across life stages, including during the search for work. However, research on caregiver experiences during this stage remains scarce, especially within lesser studied developing contexts like Thailand. This study explored perspectives of Thai caregivers preparing neurodivergent dependents for employment through a focus group (n = 10) of pre-vocational training caregivers and interviews (n = 13) with post-training caregivers. Analysis revealed significant sociocultural factors introducing stigma that affected acceptance, diagnosis, interventions, and policy support. Both groups reported systemic barriers, doubts about future independence, and hopes to increase advocacy and inclusive attitudes. However, caregivers whose dependents had received the training showed marked shifts in their expectations for their dependents' success. Tailored vocational preparation helping dependents exhibit strengths may transform societal views on neurodiversity from deficiency to natural diversity and enable more meaningful, sustainable futures. These insights elucidate caregiver challenges and aspirations, which can better inform supportive research and interventions in Thailand and other non-Western locales.

Predictors, barriers, and facilitators to refugee women's employment and economic inclusion: A mixed methods systematic review.

Refugee women's employment and economic inclusion have emerged as significant areas of focus, with these women facing unique challenges due to their gender, refugee status, and sociocultural identities. Policymakers and researchers worldwide are giving this issue increased attention. This systematic review uses a mixed methods approach and includes 31 studies to explore the predictors, barriers, and facilitators of refugee women's employment. The results reveal a pooled employment rate of 31.1% among refugee women. It identifies demographic features, language proficiency, education, and family structure as critical determinants of employment. The qualitative synthesis uncovers three key themes: the meaning and significance of employment; barriers to employment; and facilitators and coping for employment. This study underscores the multifaceted influences on refugee women's employment. The findings can inform the creation of more targeted interventions, policies, and practices to support refugee women's employment and economic integration.