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Background: Previous studies have tested the link between diet quality and academic performance in the young population. However, no study has analyzed the specific relationship between ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption and academic performance in adolescents. The aim of the present study was to test the link of UPF consumption with academic performance in a sample of adolescents from Spain. Methods: This secondary cross-sectional analysis utilized information from 788 youths aged 12-17 participating in the Eating Healthy and Daily Life Activities study. The sample comprised 44.7% boys and 55.3% girls, with a median age of 14.0 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 13.0 to 15.0). The UPF consumption was measured through a self-completed food frequency survey. Academic performance was determined using end-of-year academic records provided by each educational institution. To examine the relationships between these variables, generalized linear models were employed. The models were adjusted for factors including sex, age, socioeconomic status, conduct, physical activity, sleep duration, body mass index, and sedentary behavior. Results: Significant dose-response associations between UPF consumption and all the different academic performance indicators, showing that higher UPF consumption is consistently associated with poorer academic performance (p < 0.001 for all). Higher daily UPF servings were associated with lower adjusted marginal means for grade point average, language, maths, and English. Furthermore, adolescents in the highest UPF tertile had a grade point average of 5.6 compared to 6.6 in the lowest tertile, with similar patterns being observed for language (6.0 vs. 7.0), maths (5.2 vs. 6.2), and English (5.7 vs. 6.6). Conclusions: Our study identifies a negative association between UPF consumption and academic performance in adolescents, highlighting it as a modifiable factor that could impact academic outcomes. Adolescents with higher UPF consumption exhibited consistently lower grades across various academic indicators, emphasizing the importance of dietary quality during this critical developmental period.

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Cumulating evidence suggests that nature-based interventions may alleviate depression, but the association between engagement in nature-based activities and specific depressive symptoms remains unknown. We conducted a cross-sectional study to investigate how Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) symptom criteria relate to engagement in nature-based recreation (any nature-based activities, forest-based activities, gardening, nature-based adventure activities) among American (n = 606), Spanish (n = 438), and Brazilian (n = 448) adults (≥ 18 years old). People who reported engaging in any nature-based activities at least once per month reported experiencing all nine symptom criteria for MDD (e.g., anhedonia, feeling depressed or hopeless, sleep problems, trouble concentrating, and suicidal ideation) at lower rates than those who did not participate in nature-based recreation as frequently. Results were relatively consistent across countries and types of nature-based activities, suggesting that many forms of nature-based recreation are negatively correlated with the nine symptom criteria for MDD. The associations tended to be weaker overall among Spanish respondents. Nature-based recreation appeared to have a stronger inverse relationship with suicidal ideation than with other depressive symptoms. The cross-sectional design of this study limits the causal interpretation of the observed associations. If future experimental studies confirm our findings, practitioners across different countries can consider recommending participation in nature-based recreation to alleviate their clients' MDD symptoms.

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There are clear signs of the growing use of the internet across all cultures, which generate new behaviors in the virtual environment such as media multitasking, phubbing, and cybergossip, all associated with online risks and less positive modes of socialization. FoMO (Fear of Missing Out) along with virtual emotional experiences could be relevant predictors, where literature suggests that FoMO is a trigger for problematic social media use, and socio-emotional e-competencies facilitate adaptive behaviors in virtual environments. Hence, understanding which variables predict these phenomena is crucial and whether they can be generalized across different countries. The objective of this study is to analyze whether two dimensions of socio-personal development used to interact in virtual environments, FoMO (Fear of Missing Out) and socio-emotional e-competencies (e-COM), are predictors of different cyberbehaviors (cybergossip, phubbing and media multitasking) in university students from two different countries. It also aims to verify if socio-emotional e-competencies act as a moderator of this relationship. In order to achieve this, we used a sample of 1524 university students from Mexico and Spain (19.74 years old). The results of the path analysis models show that FoMO is the strongest predictor of the three online behaviors regardless of country and gender, especially in the case of phubbing. In addition, socio-emotional e-competencies help to explain the behaviors in a differential way for each country, and the dimension of e-self-control of impulsivity plays a moderating role in FoMO in the case of phubbing and media multitasking. Some differences between countries and genders are discussed.

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Nippostrongylus brasiliensis is an intestinal parasite of rodents with a worldwide distribution. Due to the similarities between its life cycle and that of the human hookworms Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus, N. brasiliensis has been widely used as a model in experimental research. We provide new data on the embryonation and hatching processes of N. brasiliensis eggs, not in the soil, but in the large intestine of naturally infected Rattus norvegicus. The parasite was investigated in 109 rats trapped in urban and periurban areas of Valencia, Spain. Rats were preserved at - 20 °C. After thawing, all the rat organs were examined. The contents of the large intestine were analysed by the Midi-Parasep® technique. N. brasiliensis (adult prevalence 69.72%) was identified by morphological and molecular techniques. Parasite eggs were found in 88.16% of the sediments. In addition to unembryonated eggs, eggs in different stages of embryonation were encountered in 67 of the 76 contents (88.16%). Free larval stages (L1 and more developed larvae) were also found in 47 of the 76 (61.84%) sediments studied. Filariform larval stages of N. brasiliensis were also sporadically detected in the lungs of the infected rats. According to our results, the development of eggs and larvae in the intestine of naturally infected rats opens up the possibility of autoinfection in the natural life cycle of N. brasiliensis, which could explain the high burdens of adult stages frequently found in the small intestine of infected rats.

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BACKGROUND: The misalignment of sleeping times during weekdays/weekends (i.e., social jetlag) is particularly common among adolescents and plausibly associated with their physical fitness. However, literature on this topic is scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the association between social jetlag and physical fitness in Spanish adolescents. METHODS: A secondary analysis was conducted on cross-sectional data from the Eating Healthy and Daily Life Activities (EHDLA) study among 812 adolescents (54.9% girls) aged 12-17 years from the Valle de Ricote (Region of Murcia, Spain). Social jetlag was calculated from self-reported data on bedtimes and wake times for weekdays and weekends. Physical fitness was evaluated with the Assessing the Levels of PHysical Activity and Fitness (ALPHA-FIT) for children and adolescents and included cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular fitness, speed agility, and flexibility. RESULTS: The analysis revealed significant negative associations between worse social jetlag and detrimental overall physical fitness (unstandardized beta coefficient [B] = -0.06, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.09, -0.02; p = 0.002), cardiorespiratory fitness (B = -1.28; 95% CI -2.22, -0.34; p = 0.008), and lower body muscular fitness (B = -2.01; 95% CI -3.90, -0.12; p = 0.038) after the adjustment for potential covariates (age, sex, socioeconomic status, physical activity level, sedentary behavior, nocturnal sleep duration, energy intake, and body mass index). In contrast with other fitness components, a significant positive association was identified between social jetlag and speed agility (B = 0.07; 95% CI 0.00, 0.14; p = 0.049). CONCLUSIONS: In adolescents, social jetlag is significantly linked to poorer physical fitness, especially for cardiorespiratory fitness and lower-body muscular fitness. Maintaining regular and well-synchronized sleep could be crucial for optimizing physical health and preventing the decline of physical fitness during adolescence.

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This study evaluates the effectiveness of Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence for multi-element analysis in mussels, focusing on sensitivity, precision, and detection limits. Additionally, it offers a cross-regional comparison of elemental composition in mussels from aquaculture farms in Italy, Spain, and Chile. TXRF, using suspensions of mussel samples, proved effective in detecting minor and trace elements, with recovery rates over 80% for Fe, Cu, Zn, As, and Sr. The research offers a chemical element comparison of Mytilus galloprovincialis and Mytilus chilensis mussels, revealing significant variation based on geographic origin. Correlation matrices demonstrated variable associations between elements, indicating that regional environmental conditions influence bioaccumulation. These findings deepen our understanding of how mussels accumulate elements in different environments. However, further research is needed to develop comprehensive elemental databases and to account for seasonal and temporal variations in mussels' elemental composition. This study may bring insight for food safety and public health monitoring.

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OBJECTIVE: This study examines how age at death, sex, and socio-historical context relate to the frequency, location, and severity of Schmorl's nodes. MATERIALS: The sample comprised thoracic and lumbar vertebrae of 192 skeletons from two contemporary documented osteological collections from Spain, in Valladolid and Granada, both of which contain individuals who died during the second half of the 20th century. METHODS: Schmorl's nodes were recorded on the superior and inferior surfaces of vertebral bodies and their location was categorized in one of three areas: center, canal, and periphery. RESULTS: The prevalence of Schmorl's nodes was 57.42 % for the Valladolid collection and 67.39 % for Granada, with no significant differences between collections. Statistically significant differences were found between the sexes, but age at death did not correlate with the presence of the lesion. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis supports the absence of a direct relationship between the pathology and the aging process, but shows a greater predisposition in male individuals, suggesting that vertebral morphology and/or physical activity might be key etiological factors. SIGNIFICANCE: This research enhances our understanding of the etiology of Schmorl's nodes by highlighting sex as a key variable and suggesting a lack of association with age. LIMITATIONS: The absence of data on occupational activity prevents correlating this variable with the presence of Schmorl's nodes. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH: Conduct studies on geometric morphometric data to corroborate the evolutionary hypothesis proposed by other authors.

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BACKGROUND: Inconsistent monitoring of prostate-specific antigen in patients receiving 5-alpha reductase inhibitors for lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostate enlargement may affect prostate cancer outcomes. This study evaluated real-world practice among urologists treating patients receiving 5-alpha reductase inhibitors. METHODS: This non-interventional, cross-sectional study collected data from urologists in Spain (N = 100) and Brazil (N = 100) via a self-reporting questionnaire and patient record forms. Endpoints included: frequency/methodology of prostate-specific antigen monitoring, concerns about the effect of 5-alpha reductase inhibitors on prostate-specific antigen monitoring, triggers of prostate biopsy, and concerns when switching 5-alpha reductase inhibitor formulation. RESULTS: Over half of urologists monitored prostate-specific antigen every 6 months (Spain 59%, Brazil 58%). Preferred methods were the "doubling rule" (Spain 66%, Brazil 41%) and "increase from nadir" (Spain 28%, Brazil 43%). A minority of urologists monitored unadjusted values (Spain 3%, Brazil 11%) or did not monitor prostate-specific antigen (Spain 1%, Brazil 3%). Most urologists ranked the potential for 5-alpha reductase inhibitors to mask prostate cancer as their top concern (Spain 65%, Brazil 56%). The most selected trigger for prostate biopsy was "if doubled (adjusted) prostate-specific antigen level after 6 months of treatment is > 4 ng/mL" (Spain 39%, Brazil 37%). Many urologists were moderately/very concerned about the effect on prostate-specific antigen when switching 5-alpha reductase inhibitor formulation. CONCLUSIONS: An unmet need exists for standard guidance and continuous education to support optimal monitoring and interpretation of prostate-specific antigen in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms/benign prostate enlargement treated with 5-alpha reductase inhibitors.

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The extraordinary preservation of Cueva de Los Murciélagos (Albuñol, Spain) provides a unique opportunity to identify the materials and the techniques involved in archery during the Early Neolithic period. Arrows with preserved feathers, tied fibres, adhesive substance, and two probable bowstrings have been studied trough an unprecedented multi-proxy investigation, including microscopy and biomolecular methods, to unravel archery techniques. The study has identified the oldest known sinew bowstrings, the first evidence for the use of olive tree (Olea europaea) and reed (Phragmites sp.) to produce arrow shafts in prehistoric European archery, and the identification of birch bark tar as a coating on the shafts. The results of this study provide insights into ancient craft, technological solutions, and adaptations to local resources in the production of these reed-shafted hardwood tipped arrows and bowstrings. Their deposition in a burial cave sheds new light on the role of these artefacts in a Neolithic farming community.

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The aim of this study, based on health care and social learning theories, is to understand the degree of implementation and reach of the "Brief Anti-Alcohol Counseling in Pediatric Age" protocol, a preventive intervention addressing alcohol consumption among minors within the Health Service of the Principality of Asturias, Spain. Using a qualitative methodology, based on thirteen semi-structured interviews conducted in June 2022, the study analyzes the development of the protocol, the perceptions of pediatric service professionals regarding its implementation, and their cultural representations of alcohol consumption within the Asturian and Spanish context. The results reveal limited reach due to the heterogeneity in its application and the difficulty in measuring its impact compared to other areas of pediatric health. Furthermore, the importance of the educational and caregiving dimensions of the pediatric and nursing areas is emphasized, as well as the need for a comprehensive approach that involves families and other institutions to improve alcohol consumption prevention from an early age.

El objetivo de este estudio, fundamentado en las teorías del cuidado de la salud y del aprendizaje social, es conocer el grado de implementación y alcance del protocolo del "Consejo breve anti-alcohol en edad pediátrica", una intervención preventiva sobre el consumo de alcohol en menores del Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias, España. A partir de una metodología cualitativa, basada en trece entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas en junio de 2022, se analiza el desarrollo del protocolo, las percepciones de profesionales del servicio de pediatría sobre su implementación, y sus representaciones culturales sobre el consumo de alcohol en el contexto asturiano y español. Los resultados revelan un alcance limitado debido a la heterogeneidad en su aplicación y la dificultad de medir su impacto, comparado con otras áreas de la salud pediátrica. Asimismo, se subraya la importancia de la dimension educadora y cuidadora de las áreas de pediatría y enfermería, y la necesidad de un enfoque integral que involucre a las familias y otras instituciones para mejorar la prevención del consumo de alcohol desde edades tempranas.

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INTRODUCTION: We aimed to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the resulting restrictions on the emotional state of people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and/or hypertension in Ecuador and Spain. Given the differences in sociopolitical and socioeconomic contexts between these two countries, the research focused on how these diverse environments and their management of social policies and pandemic strategies influenced the emotional well-being of individuals with chronic illnesses. METHODS: We conducted 36 semi-structured telephone interviews between August and December 2020 with adults diagnosed with T2DM and/or hypertension (19 in Ecuador, 17 in Spain). The interviews were recorded, anonymized and transcribed for thematic analysis. This approach allowed us to systematically identify and analyse themes related to the participants' emotional experiences during the pandemic. RESULTS: The results revealed a significant deterioration in the emotional state of participants, attributable to the stress generated by the health crisis and concerns related to their chronic illnesses. The situation elicited a range of emotions among participants, from boredom and apathy to fear, uncertainty and depression. The study highlighted how the impact on emotional well-being was shaped by the interplay between conjunctural determinants (measures to control COVID-19 infections) and structural factors driving inequalities (social class, gender, ethnicity). CONCLUSION: We developed a conceptual framework illustrating how measures to control COVID-19 infections directly influenced economic, health and social determinants, which interacted with pre-existing inequalities and had a differential impact on individuals' emotional well-being. This framework can be useful for designing more effective and equitable social policies during future health crises, ensuring they address social needs and safeguard psychological and emotional well-being, particularly among vulnerable groups such as those with chronic illnesses. PATIENT AND PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: Thirty-six participants diagnosed with T2DM and/or hypertension (19 in Ecuador, 17 in Spain) contributed to the study by sharing their emotional experiences during the pandemic. Their detailed accounts enriched the research by providing valuable insights into how the pandemic affected their emotional well-being. There was no additional involvement or contribution from the public in the design, conduct, analysis or interpretation of the study, nor in the preparation of the manuscript.

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Adherence to psychopharmacological treatment essentially involves a process of meaning-making. The objective of this study was to explore the experience of people undergoing chronic psychiatric treatment from the patients' perspective. In 2018, using the photovoice methodology, four sessions were conducted with the participation of 11 individuals from a community school in a socially marginalized neighborhood of a southeastern Spanish city, some of whom were also users of a social rehabilitation and integration center and a day center. Participants took and selected 41 photographs under the premise: "Photograph your experience regarding health and medication." A categorization of the emerging narratives was carried out during a dialogical session between participants and researchers, which was recorded for subsequent transcription and analysis. The experiences were divided into two major symbolic themes that seek to give therapeutic meaning to medication: one of conflict and the other of motivation.

La adherencia al tratamiento psicofarmacológico consiste esencialmente en un proceso de construcción de significado. El objetivo de este estudio fue explorar la experiencia de personas bajo tratamiento psiquiátrico crónico desde la perspectiva de los pacientes. En 2018, desde la metodología de fotovoz, se realizaron cuatro sesiones, en las que participaron 11 personas de una escuela comunitaria de un barrio de alto riesgo de exclusión social de una ciudad del sureste de España, algunas de las cuales eran, además, usuarias en un centro de rehabilitación e integración social y de un centro de día. Las personas participantes realizaron y escogieron 41 fotografías con la premisa: "Fotografía tu vivencia en torno a la salud y la medicación". Se realizó una categorización de las narrativas emergentes en una sesión dialógica entre participantes e investigadores que fue grabada para su posterior transcripción y análisis. Las experiencias pudieron desglosarse en dos grandes núcleos simbólicos que buscan dotar de sentidos terapéuticos a la medicación: uno de conflictividad y otro motivacional.

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OBJECTIVES: To explore the global epidemiological trends in the prevalence and mortality due to mpox in various regions worldwide. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study the data about mpox outbreak were recorded by the "World Health Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and GSAID" from August 2023 to August 2024, analyzing the epidemiological trends from different countries worldwide. RESULTS: The total number of mpox cases has reached 99,518 (95,196 cases from 115 countries that have not historically reported mpox; and 4,322 cases from 07 states that have traditionally reported mpox), from a total of 122 countries. The top 10 countries with the greatest number of mpox cases include the United States (33,435) followed by Brazil (11212), Spain (8084), France (4272), Colombia (4249), Mexico (4124), United Kingdom (3952), Peru (3875), Germany (3857), and Democratic Republic of Congo (3104). America has the highest number of cases (63,145) accounting for 63% of total cases globally, followed by Europe (27,194). Democratic Republic of Congo faces the highest increase in cases within a single year, with the infectious rate in the region up by 160%, alongside a higher risk of mortality. CONCLUSION: Mpox cases have rapidly spread worldwide, reaching 99,518 cases across 122 countries, and being declared a "Public Health Emergency of International Concern" by the WHO. Healthcare authorities must take timely measures to control this outbreak since the world cannot afford the global burden of it being another potential pandemic.

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BACKGROUND: Infectious diseases, particularly the Goatpox virus (GTPV) from the Poxviridae family, significantly impact livestock health and agricultural economies, especially in developing regions. Recent GTPV outbreaks in previously eradicated areas underscore the need for effective control measures, with vaccination being the most reliable strategy. This study investigates the effects of administering standard and double doses of live attenuated goatpox vaccine in pregnant Murcia-Granada goats, a non-native breed in Iran, to determine optimal vaccination protocols. RESULTS: In 2018, 400 healthy and pregnant Murcia Granada goats imported from Spain were divided into groups of 200 and vaccinated with either a standard dose (0.5 ml) or a double dose (single 0.9 ml injection) of live attenuated goatpox vaccine. Post-vaccination, the goats were monitored daily for clinical signs of infection, with samples collected for PCR analysis to detect the presence of GTPV strains. In group A, which received the standard vaccine dose, no abortions or vaccine-related side effects were observed, and body temperatures remained normal. In group B, administered a double dose, 37% of the goats experienced abortions, displaying signs of GTPV infection, such as skin lesions (pox lesions) and increased body temperatures. Molecular analysis confirmed the vaccine strain of GTPV as the infection source, ruling out external contamination. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences in abortion rates concerning gestational age or t he age of the pregnant goats. CONCLUSION: The study highlights the importance of adhering to standard vaccine dosages in pregnant Murcia Granada goats to prevent adverse outcomes like abortions. This study emphasizes the necessity to review and revise vaccination protocols tailored to specific breeds and varying maintenance conditions, including pregnancy and outbreak scenarios. These findings stress the necessity for cautious and tailored vaccination strategies to ensure the safety and efficacy of vaccines in different goat breeds.

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Introducción. Los cuestionarios WPAI-UC/CD-Caregiver evalúan la repercusión laboral y en actividades cotidianas de los padres/cuidadores de pacientes con colitis ulcerosa (CU) o enfermedad de Crohn (EC). El objetivo fue adaptar y validar estos cuestionarios en la población española. Métodos. Se realizó la traducción y la retrotraducción. El documento fue evaluado por un comité de expertos y por un grupo piloto de familias de pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal pediátrica (EII-p). Para la validación, se reclutaron padres/cuidadores de pacientes con EII-p (10-18 años). El comité de expertos y el grupo piloto evaluaron subjetivamente el formato y el tiempo necesario para completar los cuestionarios. Se calculó el coeficiente alfa de Cronbach y se realizó el análisis factorial con rotación Varimax. Se calcularon los coeficientes de Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) y la prueba de esfericidad de Bartlett para comprobar la adecuación del análisis factorial. Resultados. Se incluyeron 370 pacientes (mediana 14,1 años), y 263 padres/cuidadores de pacientes con colitis ulcerosa o EII no clasificada y 261 padres/cuidadores de pacientes con enfermedad de Crohn. Los coeficientes KMO (0,6947 y 0,7179) y la prueba de esfericidad de Barttlet (p <0,001) confirmaron la adecuación del análisis factorial. Los 6 ítems se dirigieron a la misma dimensión. El modelo factorial explicó el 99,99 % y el 94,68 % de la varianza, y los alfa de Cronbach (0,6581 y 0,6968) indicaron buena consistencia. El formato y la mediana de 2 minutos para completarlos se consideraron óptimos. Conclusiones. Las versiones validadas en la población española de los cuestionarios WPAI-Caregiver pueden considerarse para su uso en familias con hijos con EII.

Introduction. The WPAI-UC/CD-Caregiver questionnaires assess the impact of ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD) on parents'/caregivers' work life and daily activities. Our objective was to adapt and validate these questionnaires in the Spanish population. Methods. A translation and back-translation were done. The document was assessed by an expert committee and a pilot group of families of patients with pediatric inflammatory bowel disease (p-IBD). For validation, the parents/caregivers of patients with p-IBD (10­18 years old) were recruited. The expert committee and the pilot group conducted a subjective assessment of the format and time necessary to complete the questionnaires. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was estimated and a factor analysis with varimax rotation was done. KaiserMeyer-Olkin (KMO) coefficients and Bartlett's sphericity test were estimated to test the adequacy of the factor analysis. Results. A total of 370 patients (median age: 14.1 years) and 263 parents/caregivers of patients with UC or unclassified IBD and 261 parents/caregivers of patients with CD were included. The KMO coefficients (0.6947 and 0.7179) and Bartlett's sphericity test (p < 0.001) confirmed the adequacy of the factor analysis. The 6 items targeted the same domain. The factor model accounted for 99.99% and 94.68% of variance, and Cronbach's alpha coefficients (0.6581 and 0.6968) showed an adequate consistency. The format and the median time of 2 minutes to complete the questionnaires were considered optimal. Conclusions. The versions of the WPAI-Caregiver questionnaires validated in the Spanish population may be used in families whose children have IBD.

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BACKGROUND: The differences in clinical bioethics between the Mediterranean and Latin American cultures have not been analyzed. The objective of the study is to compare the ethical conflicts that internists in Spain, Mexico and Argentina have. METHODS: Cross-sectional observational study through a survey directed at internists from Spain, Argentina and Mexico. The survey was administered to affiliated members of the National Societies of Internal Medicine across three countries via an online platform. RESULTS: 762 internists participated, 261 from Spain, 154 from Argentina and 347 from Mexico. The main ethical conflicts that internists in Spain, Argentina and Mexico have are related (in order) to the end of life, to the clinical relationship and to the patient's autonomy. Withholding and withdrawing life-sustaining treatment is the most frequent conflict in Spain and Argentina and the second in Mexico. CONCLUSIONS: Internists from Spain and Argentina identify very similar ethical conflicts. Furthermore, they consider them more frequent and difficult than in Mexico. In Argentina they are less satisfied with the way they are resolved. To explain these differences, socio-cultural factors are postulated, among others: paternalism, individualism, masculinity, organization of the health system, formal training in bioethics and assessment of death.

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The intestinal microbiota plays a key role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), with its composition varying based on geographic location and dietary factors. This study was performed to examine and compare the bacterial composition of the gut microbiota in Mexican and Spanish individuals with IBD and healthy controls, while also considering the nutritional aspects. This study involved 79 individuals with IBD and healthy controls from Mexico and Spain. The fecal microbiota composition was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and the dietary intake and anthropometric measurements were collected. Alpha diversity analysis revealed a lower Chao1 index of the bacterial genera in the IBD groups. Beta diversity analysis showed significant differences in the bacterial composition, suggesting inter-individual variability within the healthy and IBD groups. Additionally, the relative abundance of the bacterial genera varied across the four groups. Faecalibacterium was more abundant in the IBD groups; Prevotella was found exclusively in the Mexican groups, and Akkermansia was found only in the Spanish groups. Akkermansia was positively correlated with meat and protein intake, Prevotella with lean mass, and Bacteroides with calorie intake. These findings highlight the importance of considering geographic and nutritional factors in future research on the gut microbiome's role in IBD pathogenesis.

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to characterize the smartphones and tablets use pattern in a sample of children up to 5 years old and assess with which variables it is associated.cross-sectional study of 410 parents of children up to 5 years of age. Data were obtained from an online questionnaire. Questions about the time and pattern of daily use of smartphones and tablets were collected. We calculated the overall percentage (and 95% confidence interval) and median (and interquartile range) of each device's use time and according to the variables associated with the child, and the respondent's characteristics.an estimated 44.7% (95% CI: 37; 51) of children used both smartphones and/or tablets daily. The median use time for smartphones and tablets separately was 30 minutes per day for smartphones (8.6-38.6) and 30 (17.1- 60.0) for tablet. In children who have free access to the devices, 11.6% (95% CI: 6; 16) use these devices up to 30 minutes after waking up on weekdays, 15.4% (95% CI: 10; 21) during weekends and 14.0% (95% CI: 8; 19) use smartphone and/or tablet up to 1 hour before going to bed.more than 4 out of 10 children in our sample used smartphones and/or tablets daily. Community nursing may be a viable avenue for implementing educational programs focused on promoting healthy practices in children's electronic device usage given the pattern of excessive screen use in the pediatric population.

(1) Separate screen usage according to location and usage. (2)  Parent's educational level influences children's mobile device usage time. (3)  Pediatric recommendations should be followed. (4)  Politicians, nurses and teachers must work together. (5)  More than 4 out of 10 children in our sample use smartphones and tablets daily.

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OBJECTIVE: To identify variables related to perceived stress and resilience of international migrants. METHOD: Multicenter, observational, cross-sectional study carried out with 403 migrants residing in Brazil, Spain, or Portugal. The following instruments were used to collect data: Perceived Stress Scale and Resilience Scale. Student's t-test and analysis of variance were applied in the analysis. RESULTS: Perceived stress was related to: living in Brazil or Portugal; shorter stay in the host country; being black or brown; and having no religion. Greater resilience was related to: not being divorced; having less education and lower family income; being from developing countries; living in Spain; and having a religion. CONCLUSION: Aspects such as host and origin country, skin color, income, marital status, education, length of stay in the host country, and religion are related to the level of stress and/or resilience of migrants. Knowing this profile is useful for developing public integration policies and interventions that seek to reduce stress and improve resilience.

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INTRODUCTION: Open lower limb fractures are severe injuries with long-lasting consequences. Limited research has been conducted on the impact of these injuries on quality of life (QoL), internationally. METHODS: The Quality of Life after Open Extremity Trauma (QUINTET) study was designed as an international, multicentric, observational, cohort study of patients presented with open lower limb fractures. Demographic and clinical information was collected, along with repeated validated QoL measures. Primary outcomes were SF-12 and EQ-5D-3L, and secondary outcomes were soft tissue infection, deep infection, non-union and amputation. RESULTS: A total of 92 patients were enrolled in 8 centres, based in the UK, Spain, Chile and Sudan. The mean age at presentation was 54 years, 47 years for males and 64 years for females. Males presented a higher proportion of road traffic accidents as the underlying mechanism, whereas for females, this was the case of low-energy falls. Participant retention was 71.7% and 73.9% for the 3- and 12-month assessments, respectively. There was a substantial reduction in QoL after open fracture, which only partially recovered at 12 months. Participants recruited in the UK presented lower QoL scores compared with patients treated in Spain and Chile. DISCUSSION: For this study, international patient recruitment proved challenging, leading to most patients being recruited in the UK. Despite this limitation, we found a statistically significant detriment in self-reported QoL, which did not recover after a year. This study highlights differences in quality-of-life outcomes from a gender and international perspective.