Network analysis of occupational stress and job satisfaction among radiologists.

Background: Occupational stress and job satisfaction significantly impact the well-being and performance of healthcare professionals, including radiologists. Understanding the complex interplay between these factors through network analysis can provide valuable insights into intervention strategies to enhance workplace satisfaction and productivity. Method: In this study, a convenience sampling method was used to recruit 312 radiologists for participation. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, job satisfaction measured by the Minnesota job satisfaction questionnaire revised short version (MJSQ-RSV), and occupational stress assessed using the occupational stress scale. Network analysis was employed to analyze the data in this study. Results: The network analysis revealed intricate patterns of associations between occupational stress and job satisfaction symptoms among radiologists. Organizational management and occupational interests emerged as crucial nodes in the network, indicating strong relationships within these domains. Additionally, intrinsic satisfaction was identified as a central symptom with high connectivity in the network structure. The stability analysis demonstrated robustness in the network edges and centrality metrics, supporting the reliability of the findings. Conclusion: This study sheds light on the complex relationships between occupational stress and job satisfaction in radiologists, offering valuable insights for targeted interventions and support strategies to promote well-being and job satisfaction in healthcare settings.

Workplace Resilience and Stress Among Certified Nursing Assistants in Long-Term Care Institutions During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

PURPOSE: To explore the relationship among resilience, stress, and demographic factors in certified nursing assistants (CNAs) who worked in long-term care institutions during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. METHOD: A cross-sectional correlation-based research design was used. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire, Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and Occupational Stress Scale. CNAs from 21 long-term care institutions in Taiwan were recruited. RESULTS: This study included 118 female and 26 male CNAs (response rate = 80%). Mean age was 46.8 years. A moderately negative correlation was found between workplace resilience and stress. Overall, being a woman and parent were found to be significantly correlated with CNAs' resilience. Furthermore, resilience and shift work were important predictors of stress. CONCLUSION: We suggest that leadership and management pay more attention to CNAs' basic demographic background information. Furthermore, timely, relevant strategies can be provided to enhance resilience and reduce workplace stress. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 50(7), 19-26.].

Physician Health Series, Part 3: Physician Mental Health.

This article is the third of 3 articles in a series about managing the care of physicians as patients. In part 1, the authors reviewed unique characteristics of physicians as patients with some general guidance for how to approach their care. Part 2 highlighted role clarity for the treating physician with discussion of the physical and cognitive issues that commonly arise when treating physician-patients along with licensure issues and reporting requirements. This final installment will focus on physician mental health and work-related stress.

[Bayesian network prediction study on the impact of occupational health psychological factors on insomnia among thermal power generation workers].

Objective: To explore the risk factors of insomnia among employees in the thermal power generation industry and the network relationships between their interactions, and to provide scientific basis for personalized interventions for high-risk groups with insomnia. Methods: In November 2022, 860 employees of a typical thermal power generation enterprise were selected as the research subjects by cluster sampling. On-site occupational health field surveys and questionnaire surveys were used to collect basic information, occupational characteristics, anxiety, depression, stress, occupational stress, and insomnia. The interaction between insomnia and occupational health psychological factors was evaluated by using structural equation model analysis and Bayesian network construction. Results: The detection rates of anxiety, depression and stress were 34.0% (292/860), 32.1% (276/860) and 18.0% (155/860), respectively. The total score of occupational stress was (445.3±49.9) points, and 160 workers (18.6%) were suspected of insomnia, and 578 workers (67.2%) had insomnia. Structural equation model analysis showed that occupational stress had a significant effect on the occurrence of insomnia in thermal power generation workers (standardized load coefficient was 0.644), and occupational health psychology had a low effect on insomnia (standardized load coefficient was 0.065). However, the Bayesian network model further analysis found that anxiety and stress were the two parent nodes of insomnia, with direct causal relationships, the arc strength was-8.607 and -15.665, respectively. The model prediction results showed that the probability of insomnia occurring was predicted to be 0 in the cases of no stress and anxiety, low stress without anxiety, and no stress with low anxiety. When high stress with low anxiety and low stress with high anxiety occurred, the predicted probability of insomnia occurring were 0.38 and 0.47, respectively. When both high stress and high anxiety occurred simultaneously, the predicted probability of insomnia occurring was 0.51. Conclusion: Bayesian network risk assessment can intuitively reveal and predict the insomnia risk of thermal power generation workers and the network interaction relationship between the risks. Anxiety and stress are the direct causal risks of insomnia, and stress is the main risk of individual insomnia of thermal power generation workers. The occurrence of insomnia can be reduced based on scientific intervention of stress conditions.

Work addiction risk, stress and well-being at work: testing the mediating role of sleep quality.

Introduction: Attention to work addiction risk is growing; however, more studies are needed to explore the possible impact of work addiction risk on various aspects of employees' work and life domains. Although several studies have considered the antecedents or consequences of work addiction risk, this study particularly focuses on sleep quality as a potential explanatory underlying mechanism in the relation between work addition risk and three outcome variables including stress at home, stress at work and well-being. Method: The data was collected using an online platform and participants consisted of 188 French employees who were selected using simple random sampling method. Participants responded to the survey including the Work Addiction Risk Test (WART), stress at work, well-being, and sleep quality. The data was analyzed using JASP and SPSS-26 programs. Results: The results revealed that there are significant positive relationships between work addiction risk and both stress at home and at work and negative relationships between work addiction risk and both sleep quality and well-being. In addition, the analyses of the mediation paths suggest the significant mediation role of sleep quality for the link between work addition risk and stress at work as well as the link between work addiction risk and well-being. Discussion: Given the verified mediating role of sleep quality in the relationship between work addiction, stress and wellbeing, it is recommended that organizations and companies pay particular attention to their employees' sleep quality.

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders, fatigue and stress among gas station workers in China: a cross-sectional study.

INTRODUCTION: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) are disorders of the musculoskeletal system that have the highest prevalence among workers worldwide. Workers in gas stations usually work in poor ergonomic working conditions, including prolonged standing and repetitive posturing. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to investigate the prevalence of WMSDs and fatigue and to identify the predictors of WMSDs among gas station workers. DESIGN: The present study was a cross-sectional study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: 2962 gas station workers from an oil and gas company in China, with ages ranging from 17 to 75 years old, 55.47% female. RESULTS: The prevalence of WMSDs within the 12 months prior to the study was 73.23%, with the highest prevalence in the neck, shoulders, ankles and feet. Furthermore, a correlation was observed between fatigue, stress and WMSDs. Fatigue and job role were the strongest predictors of WMSDs, with an OR range of 2.211-3.413. CONCLUSIONS: This research identified the detrimental impact of WMSDs and fatigue on gas station workers, indicating the critical need for interventions to reduce WMSDs and relieve fatigue.

Effect of occupational stress and resilience on insomnia among nurses during COVID-19 in China: a structural equation modelling analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the effects of occupational stress and resilience on insomnia among Chinese nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. DESIGN, SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS: A quantitative description study. The data were collected via a cross-sectional survey. A total of 725 front-line nurses at three tertiary hospitals in western China were included from December 2022 to January 2023. The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, Job Content Questionnaire, and Athens Insomnia Scale were used to collect data from a self-reported online questionnaire. OUTCOME MEASURES: The outcome variable was insomnia, and structural equation modelling was used to assess the associations among resilience, occupational stress and insomnia. RESULTS: The prevalence of insomnia among the participants was 58.76%. The structural equation model showed that resilience had a negative direct effect on insomnia and occupational stress, and occupational stress had a positive direct effect on insomnia. Involvement in COVID-19-related work has a positive effect on insomnia through occupational stress. In contrast, higher education levels improved insomnia through increased resilience. CONCLUSION: A significantly higher prevalence of insomnia has been observed among Chinese nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our study suggests that better resilience may improve insomnia by relieving occupational stress, and implementing measures to promote resilience is essential to reduce occupational stress in nurses and improve their sleep quality.

The Effects of a Complex Interactive Multimodal Intervention on Personalized Stress Management Among Health Care Workers in China: Nonrandomized Controlled Study.

BACKGROUND: Health care workers (HCWs) frequently face multiple stressors at work, particularly those working night shifts. HCWs who have experienced distress may find it difficult to adopt stress management approaches, even if they are aware of the effects of stress and coping processes. Therefore, an individualized intervention may be required to assist distressed HCWs in bridging the "knowledge-practice" gap in stress management and effectively alleviating stress symptoms. OBJECTIVE: The main objective of this research was to compare the effects of a complex interactive multimodal intervention (CIMI) to self-guided stress management interventions on stress symptoms of distressed HCWs, as measured by physiological (heart rate variability), psychological (perceived stress, mental distress, and subjective happiness), and sleep disorder (fatigue and sleepiness) indicators. METHODS: We conducted a nonrandomized, controlled study in 2 Chinese general hospitals. The participants in this study were 245 HCWs who fulfilled at least 1 of the 3 dimensions on the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale. All eligible individuals were required to complete a questionnaire and wear a 24-hour Holter device to determine the physiological signs of stress as indexed by heart rate variability at both baseline and after the intervention. The CIMI group received a 12-week online intervention with 4 components-mobile stress management instruction, a web-based WeChat social network, personalized feedback, and a nurse coach, whereas the control group simply received a self-guided intervention. RESULTS: After a 12-week intervention, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) scores reduced significantly in the CIMI group (mean difference [MD] -5.31, 95% CI -6.26 to -4.37; P<.001) compared to the baseline levels. The changes in PSS scores before and after the intervention exhibited a significant difference between the CIMI and control groups (d=-0.64; MD -4.03, 95% CI -5.91 to -2.14; P<.001), and the effect was medium. In terms of physiological measures, both the control group (MD -9.56, 95% CI -16.9 to -2.2; P=.01) and the CIMI group (MD -8.45, 95% CI -12.68 to -4.22; P<.001) demonstrated a significant decrease in the standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN) within the normal clinical range; however, there were no significant differences between the 2 groups (d=0.03; MD 1.11, 95% CI -7.38 to 9.59; P=.80). CONCLUSIONS: The CIMI was an effective intervention for improving sleep disorders, as well as parts of the psychological stress measures in distressed HCWs. The findings provide objective evidence for developing a mobile stress management intervention that is adaptable and accessible to distressed HCWs, but its long-term effects should be investigated in future research. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05239065; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05239065.

Correlations of factors associated with job values, job stress and job satisfaction among hospital nursing assistants.

AIM: To investigate the correlation between job values, job stress, and job satisfaction among nursing assistants in a hospital setting. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. METHODS: Data were collected from nursing assistants working in a regional hospital and a medical center in Northern Taiwan. A self-rated structured questionnaire was used to collect data on participants' demographic characteristics, job values, job stress, and job satisfaction. Descriptive statistics, t test, one-way analysis of variance, Pearson's correlation coefficient, and stepwise regression were used for data analysis. RESULTS: A total of 135 questionnaires were distributed; of them, 132 were returned, resulting in a response rate of 97.8%. The average age of the participants was 57.08 ± 5.86 years, with the majority being female, high school educated, and married. Most participants (70%) had >5 years of experience in working as nursing assistants. The average job satisfaction score of was 63.63, indicating a moderate level of job satisfaction. Job satisfaction exhibited a significantly positive correlation with job values but a significantly negative correlation with job stress. Job value was negatively correlated with job stress. Stepwise regression revealed that job values significantly explained the variance in job satisfaction among hospital nursing assistants. CONCLUSIONS: Nursing assistants are integral to clinical practice. To enhance their job satisfaction and professional development, health-care institutions and policymakers should implement strategies such as providing continual training, offering recognition and rewards to enhance sense of accomplishment. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION: This study involves no patient or public contribution.

The moderating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between occupational stress and mental health issues among nurses.

Occupational stress is a complex concept resulting from interaction among personnel, work environment, and cultural contexts. It can cause mental health issues, including clinical mental disorders, as well as emotional challenges like depression, anxiety, cognitive difficulties, and feeling sad. As a vulnerable group, healthcare professionals, especially nurses, experience a high rate of occupational stress. Therefore, we aimed to study the relationship between occupational stress, mental health problems, and self-efficacy among the nursing population. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 365 nurses selected through a two-stage sampling process from tertiary hospitals in Qazvin, Iran, between July and September 2022. Study variables included occupational stress measured by the persian version of the health and safety executive management standards revised indicator tool (MS-RIT), the general health questionnaire containing 28 questions measuring psychological distress in four primary areas of somatic and anxiety symptoms, sleep disorders, social dysfunction, and depression [GHQ-28], and general self-efficacy [GSE-10]. The mentioned variables and some of the nurses' demographic characteristics, including age, gender, education, and work experience, were analyzed using moderated multiple regression, descriptive statistics, and the Pearson correlation coefficient.The Pearson correlation analysis revealed a statistically significant association between self-efficacy and occupational stress (r = 0.62, P = 0.000) and self-efficacy and mental health (r = 0.67, P = 0.01). Regression analysis demonstrated that occupational stress accounted for 42% of the variation in mental health (R2 = 0.42, P < 0.01). The results also showed that self-efficacy moderates the relationship between occupational stress and mental health, with a significant effect (P < 0.01). The elevated prevalence of occupational stress and the concerning state of mental health among nurses highlight the need for the implementation of intervention programs, including stress prevention strategies at the workplace through organizing better working shifts, as well as increasing nurses' self-efficacy and their effective participation in work-related tasks aiming to enhance working conditions for nurses.

Effects of interventions implemented by occupational health professionals to prevent work-related stress complaints: a systematic review.

Work-related stress complaints are a growing societal problem. Occupational health professionals often play a key role in its prevention. However, studies providing an overview of preventive interventions and their effectiveness are lacking. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to summarise the evidence on the effectiveness of interventions delivered by occupational health professionals to prevent work-related stress complaints.A systematic search in PubMed, Embase, PsycInfo and Medline was performed in May 2023 based on PICO (population, intervention, control and outcomes) elements. Inclusion criteria were: peer-reviewed papers with a randomised controlled trial design, quasi-experimental design and pre-post evaluations with a control group; working populations not on sick leave; interventions delivered by occupational health professionals; and stress outcomes. Data were extracted using a predefined extraction form, risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool for randomised trials (RoB-2) and Risk of Bias in non-randomised Studies-of Interventions tool, and a narrative analysis was performed to summarise data.Nine studies were included in this review and encompassed a diverse range of populations, interventions and professionals involved, outcome measures, and effects observed. Five studies found either mixed effects on stress outcomes, short-term positive effects, or positive effects in a subgroup of participants demonstrating high adherence to the intervention.As the results show mixed findings, a high risk of bias, and a limited number of studies was available, more research is needed to the effectiveness of the interventions and the factors underlying this.

Workplace stressor factors, profiles and the relationship to career stage in UK veterinarians, veterinary nurses and students.

BACKGROUND: Veterinary professionals experience higher psychological distress and lower wellbeing compared with the general population. Identifying workplace stressors is key to understanding and alleviating these difficulties. OBJECTIVE: Identify the severity of workplace stressors in veterinary professions across different levels of professional experience. METHOD: A cross-sectional quantitative design was utilised via administration of a veterinary stressor questionnaire that measured the severity of 93 generic and veterinary-specific workplace stressors. RESULTS: A total of 658 participants reported stressor severity score. Factor analysis revealed four main stressor categories: workload and job demands, client relations stress, performance and accountability, patient care challenges. An inverse relationship was found between experience level and stressor severity scores. Furthermore, the most severe stressors varied as a function of career stage. FINDINGS AND IMPLICATIONS: Stressor severity tends to decrease with increasing experience levels. Stressors can be categorised by theme and unique stressor profiles can be derived for practitioners according to experience level. This knowledge can assist in the design and delivery of workplace support initiatives. CONCLUSIONS: Identify key stressors across different levels of experience is important in focusing efforts to support people in the workplace.

Teachers' stress and training in a school-based mindfulness program: Implementation results from a cluster randomized controlled trial.

School-based mindfulness trainings (SBMT) are a contemporary approach for intervening to promote students' social and emotional skills and well-being. Despite evidence from the larger field of evidence-based social and emotional learning programs demonstrating the importance of high-quality implementation, few studies have investigated factors impacting the implementation of SBMTs, particularly teacher-level influences. The present study addressed this issue by investigating whether teachers' stress, trust in their fellow teachers and principal, and expectations about the program at baseline predicted the quality of their implementation of a SBMT for students. In addition, we examined whether teachers' stress at baseline moderated the effect of training condition on implementation quality. Implementation quality was assessed via observations and teacher self-reports. Results from a sample of British secondary (middle-high) school educators (N = 81) indicated that teachers who felt more supported by their principals at baseline were later observed to implement the SBMT with greater quality, whereas teachers who had more positive expectations about the program felt more confident teaching the course in the future. Teachers' baseline stress moderated the effect of training condition on all measures of implementation quality; among teachers experiencing high stress at baseline, more intensive training led to higher quality implementation. Implications for practitioners and prevention researchers are discussed.

Assessment of work-related stress utilizing the Find My Stress mobile application among university students and adult workers amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVES: This cross-sectional study aimed to evaluate work-related stress and the efficacy associated with the newly developed Find My Stress mobile application. The global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly influenced the quality of life, transcending geographical boundaries and inducing stress that has detrimentally affected health and work efficiency. METHODS: A total of 440 male and female participants, comprising university students and adult workers, were enrolled in the study. Participants completed an assessment in the application that consisted of three components: 1) perceived work stress, 2) environmental stress factors, and 3) application efficiency. RESULTS: University students exhibited higher perceived stress levels compared to adult workers (p = 0.031). The predominant physical factors contributing to musculoskeletal disorders in university students were identified as movement and posture factors, particularly related to vibration and organization. Conversely, environmental factors took precedence in adult workers, followed by posture and movement. The reliability of the perceived work stress questionnaire was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and yielded a value of 0.96. The Find My Stress application demonstrated high efficiency. CONCLUSIONS: Elevated levels of work stress were observed in both university students and adult workers. Initial signs of musculoskeletal disorders in university students primarily manifested in the neck and upper back, arms, and hands, while adult workers predominantly reported complaints related to the arms and hands. The Find My Stress application emerges as a valuable tool for screening occupational stressors.

Web-based occupational stress prevention in German micro- and small-sized enterprises - process evaluation results of an implementation study.

BACKGROUND: Structural and behavioral interventions to manage work-related stress are effective in employees. Nonetheless, they have been implemented insufficiently, particularly in micro- and small-sized enterprises (MSE). Main barriers include a lack of knowledge and limited resources, which could potentially be overcome with simplified web-based alternatives for occupational stress prevention. However, there is a lack of implementation research about web-based prevention in realistic settings of MSE. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to evaluate the implementation process and success of an integrated web-based platform for occupational stress prevention ("System P") and to identify potential barriers for its uptake and use in MSE in Germany. METHODS: This study with a mixed-methods approach investigates eight process-related outcomes in a quantitative part I (adoption, reach, penetration, fidelity/dose, costs, acceptability) and a qualitative part II (acceptability, appropriateness and feasibility). Part I has a pre-post design with two measurements (6 months apart) with 98 individual participants and part II consists of 12 semi-structured interviews with managers and intercorporate stakeholders. RESULTS: Part I revealed shortcomings in the implementation process. Adoption/Reach: Despite extensive marketing efforts, less than 1% of the contacted MSE responded to the offer of System P. A total of 40 MSE registered, 24 of which, characterized by good psychosocial safety climate, adopted System P. Penetration: Within these 24 MSE, 15% of the employees used the system. Fidelity/Dose: 11 MSE started a psychosocial risk-assessment (PRA), and no MSE finished it. The stress-management training (SMT) was started by 25 users and completed by 8. COSTS: The use of System P was free of charge, but the time required to engage with was an indirect cost. Part II added insights on the perception of the web-based intervention: Acceptance of System P by users and stakeholders was good and it was assessed as appropriate for MSE. Results for feasibility were mixed. CONCLUSIONS: Although System P was generally perceived as useful and appropriate, only a small number of contacted MSE implemented it as intended. Prior experience and sensitivity for occupational (stress) prevention were mentioned as key facilitators, while (perceived) indirect costs were a key barrier. Enabling MSE to independently manage stress prevention online did not result in successful implementation. Increasing external support could be a solution. ⁺ FULL PROJECT NAME: "PragmatiKK - Pragmatische Lösungen für die Implementation von Maßnahmen zur Stressprävention in Kleinst- und Kleinbetrieben" (= Pragmatic solutions for the implementation of stress prevention interventions in micro and small-sized enterprises). TRIAL REGISTRATION: German Register of Clinical Studies (DRKS) DRKS00026154, date of registration 2021-09-16.

Impacts of sleep disturbance and work-related life stress on depression among Japanese and Chinese workers.

The present study investigated how life stress and sleep disturbance impact depressive symptoms among Chinese (N = 185) and Japanese (N = 464) workers. Based on a hypothesis that sleep disturbance can cause depression, a statistical model is established, expecting that work-related life stress indirectly increases depressive symptoms by worsening sleep disturbance rather than initiating depression directly. The study also examined the buffering effects of social support on depression. The extent of depressive symptoms, sleep disturbance symptoms (insomnia, hypersomnia, and nightmare), work-related stressors, and available social support were measured. The result revealed that the extent of depression was equivalent for both groups, but the Chinese reported more stress, less social support, and more severe sleep disturbance symptoms than the Japanese. Despite those differences, the statistical model fitted both groups well, suggesting that addressing sleep disturbance at the earliest opportunity can effectively prevent depression onset for workers.

Differences in Physicians' Ratings of Work Stressors and Resources Associated With Digital Transformation: Cross-Sectional Study.

BACKGROUND: The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic rapidly accelerated the need and implementation of digital innovations, especially in medicine. OBJECTIVE: To gain a better understanding of the stress associated with digital transformation in physicians, this study aims to identify working conditions that are stress relevant for physicians and differ in dependence on digital transformation. In addition, we examined the potential role of individual characteristics (ie, age, gender, and actual implementation of a digital innovation within the last 3 years) in digitalization-associated differences in these working conditions. METHODS: Cross-sectional web-based questionnaire data of 268 physicians (mean age 40.9, SD 12.3 y; n=150, 56% women) in Germany were analyzed. Physicians rated their chronic stress level and 11 relevant working conditions (ie, work stressors such as time pressure and work resources such as influence on sequence) both before and after either a fictional or real implementation of a relevant digital transformation at their workplace. In addition, a subsample of individuals (60; n=33, 55% women) submitted self-collected hair samples for cortisol analysis. RESULTS: The stress relevance of the selected working conditions was confirmed by significant correlations with self-rated chronic stress and hair cortisol levels (hair F) within the sample, all of them in the expected direction (P values between .01 and <.001). Multilevel modeling revealed significant differences associated with digital transformation in the rating of 8 (73%) out of 11 working conditions. More precisely, digital transformation was associated with potentially stress-enhancing effects in 6 working conditions (ie, influence on procedures and complexity of tasks) and stress-reducing effects in 2 other working conditions (ie, perceived workload and time pressure). Younger individuals, women, and individuals whose workplaces have implemented digital innovations tended to perceive digitalization-related differences in working conditions as rather stress-reducing. CONCLUSIONS: Our study lays the foundation for future hypothesis-based longitudinal research by identifying those working conditions that are stress relevant for physicians and prone to differ as a function of digital transformation and individual characteristics.

A Comparison between Farm-Related Stress, Mental Health, and Social Support between Men and Women Farmers.

Agricultural producers have worse mental health than the general population; however, recent research has not considered differences in stressors and mental health conditions by gender. A survey was mailed to a random sample of farmers in Illinois to screen for symptoms of anxiety and depression and identify sources of stress and social support. Men experienced more stress related to environmental and economic conditions than women, while women tended to have slightly higher levels of geographic isolation stress than men. Overall, there were no significant differences by gender in the proportion meeting the criteria for depression or anxiety; however, the results are higher than what is observed in the general population. Among those farmers who experience higher levels of stress about geographic isolation, the odds for women farmers to experience depressive symptoms are four times more than men farmers (OR 4.46 (0.91, 21.8); p = 0.06). Additional research should examine the relationship between social support and mental health. Interventions to reduce stress by gender should be considered.