Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 20 de 3.849
Filtrar
1.
Arch Virol ; 170(1): 19, 2024 Dec 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39681797

RESUMO

Hepacivirus is a genus of RNA viruses within the family Flaviviridae of which hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the prototype. Several hepaciviruses have been identified in mammals, including rodents of multiple families. Each rodent hepacivirus described so far has been found only in members of a single rodent species. Here, we report the discovery and characterization of a putative new genotype of an unclassified rodent hepacivirus in a wild cavy (Cavia aperea aperea) that was reported previously in Proechimys semispinosus. This virus was detected in one out of 14 (7.14%) wild cavy sera tested by RT-PCR. The complete genome sequence was obtained by high-throughput sequencing using an Illumina MiSeq platform. This is the first report of a hepacivirus in a member of the family Caviidae. Our findings show that members of different rodent species and even families can be infected by hepaciviruses of the same species. The identification and characterization of novel hepaciviruses might lead to the discovery of reservoirs of viruses that are genetically related to human pathogens, and this can help to elucidate the evolutionary origins of HCV and other hepaciviruses.


Assuntos
Genoma Viral , Hepacivirus , Hepatite C , Filogenia , Animais , Hepacivirus/genética , Hepacivirus/classificação , Hepacivirus/isolamento & purificação , Genoma Viral/genética , Hepatite C/virologia , Hepatite C/veterinária , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Genótipo , RNA Viral/genética , Animais Selvagens/virologia
2.
Int J Mol Sci ; 25(23)2024 Nov 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39684474

RESUMO

The rs12979860 polymorphism, related to the IFNL4 gene, is suggested as a factor that impacts fibrosis progression in hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and exhibits a wide distribution pattern across global populations. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we aimed to investigate the frequency of this variant in an Amazonian population from Brazil, as well as its association with liver fibrosis development and its staging in HCV carriers. Our results show a significant association of the TT genotype in the sample of patients with HCV (OR = 2.291; 95% CI = 1.088-4.826; p = 0.033) and the greater frequency of the T allele (62.1%), which is similar to the those of African populational groups. Populational genetics analysis showed significant differences in allele frequencies on global levels. The frequency of the C allele in the study population (37.8%) was like that of the African population (39.7%), and differed from all other populations, which ranged from 62.5% to 92.9%. These findings suggest that rs12979860 plays a role in susceptibility to hepatitis C. Additionally, they allow us to propose that the response to hepatitis C infection in this group may resemble that of the African population.


Assuntos
Frequência do Gene , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Hepatite C , Interleucinas , Polimorfismo de Nucleotídeo Único , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Brasil/epidemiologia , Interleucinas/genética , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Hepatite C/genética , Hepatite C/virologia , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Genótipo , Hepacivirus/genética , Hepacivirus/patogenicidade , Alelos , Idoso , Cirrose Hepática/genética , Cirrose Hepática/virologia , Cirrose Hepática/epidemiologia , Interferon lambda
3.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39570156

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Local studies are essential to determine the prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis C. METHODS: We conducted a mixed methods study aimed at strengthening hepatitis C elimination efforts in Brazil, with concomitant triangulation of techniques and integration of qualitative and quantitative approaches. RESULTS: The study resulted in the development of the following technical-technological products: a) institutional documents, b) organization of committees, c) mobilization strategies, d) models for improving intersectoral awareness, e) decision-making flowcharts, f) forms, and g) health service protocols and search strategies. CONCLUSIONS: The application of these research techniques generated valuable knowledge that could be adopted in various regions across Brazil, particularly in areas with economic and sociocultural diversity.


Assuntos
Hepatite C , Humanos , Hepatite C/prevenção & controle , Hepatite C/diagnóstico , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Prevalência , Erradicação de Doenças
4.
Viruses ; 16(11)2024 Oct 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39599767

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Viral hepatitis is a disease that is more prevalent among individuals residing in remote regions and in contexts of social vulnerability. The objective of this study was to ascertain the seroprevalence of hepatitis A (HAV), B (HBV), and C (HCV) in vulnerable communities in the rural area of São João do Piauí (SJP), northern Brazil. METHODS: Immunoenzymatic assays were employed to detect the presence of anti-HAV (total and IgM), HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBs, and anti-HCV serological markers in serum samples. Samples that yielded positive results were subjected to further analysis using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS: A total of 492 individuals, ranging in age from 3 to 101 years, were consecutively recruited from eight rural communities. The majority of individuals were female (51.2%), over 30 years of age (57.1%), self-identified as Black/Brown (92.2%), and resided in Afro-Brazilian communities, designated as "quilombos" (68.1%). The seroprevalence of anti-HAV was 69.5% (95% CI: 65.4-73.6%), while that of anti-HBc was 4.7% (95% CI: 2.8-6.6%), and that of anti-HBs was 35.2% (95% CI: 30.1-39.4%), and 0.2% (95% CI:0.0-0.6%) for anti-HCV. CONCLUSIONS: The seroprevalence rates observed were higher than the national average, and a significant proportion of individuals in the target age groups were susceptible to HBV, despite the availability of vaccination. These findings highlight potential shortcomings in the management of vaccine-preventable diseases, which could have implications for public health.


Assuntos
Hepatite A , Hepatite B , Hepatite C , População Rural , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adolescente , Idoso , Criança , Adulto Jovem , Pré-Escolar , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Hepatite B/virologia , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Hepatite C/virologia , Hepatite A/epidemiologia , Hepatite A/virologia , População Negra , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite/sangue
5.
Viruses ; 16(11)2024 Oct 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39599839

RESUMO

Direct-acting antivirals (DAA) are effective in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, but there is little information about real-world effectiveness in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLH). The aim of this study was to determinate the effectiveness of DAA to achieve sustained virologic response at week 12 post-treatment (SVR12) in PLH with HCV coinfection and in people with HCV-monoinfection. We conducted a prospective cohort. The full analysis set (FAS) included all subjects enrolled in the study; the modified analysis set (MAS) excluded cases with missing data to evaluate SVR12. A total of 278 people were included, 130 (46.7%) with HCV/HIV-coinfection and 148 (53.2%) with HCV-monoinfection. In the HCV/HIV-coinfection group, 82 (63%) received GLE/PIB for 8 weeks, 45 (34.6%) received SOF/VEL for 12 weeks, and 3 (2.3%) were treated with SOF/VEL + RBV for 12 weeks. In the HCV-monoinfection group, 62 (41.8%) received GLE/PIB for 8 weeks, 28 (18.9%) received SOF/VEL for 12 weeks, and 58 (39.1%) participants were treated with SOF/VEL + RBV for 12 weeks. In the FAS analysis, SVR12 was 81.6% in the HCV/HIV-coinfection group and 86.4% in the HCV-monoinfection group (p = 0.128). In the MAS analysis, both groups achieved 100% of SVR12. In this cohort, the effectiveness of DAA to achieve SVR12 was similar between HCV/HIV-coinfection and HCV-monoinfection cases, regardless of advanced liver disease with no differences between treatment regimens.


Assuntos
Antivirais , Coinfecção , Infecções por HIV , Hepacivirus , Resposta Viral Sustentada , Humanos , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por HIV/virologia , Masculino , Feminino , Coinfecção/tratamento farmacológico , Coinfecção/virologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , Adulto , Hepacivirus/efeitos dos fármacos , Hepacivirus/genética , Resultado do Tratamento , Hepatite C/tratamento farmacológico , Hepatite C/complicações , Hepatite C/virologia , Hepatite C Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Hepatite C Crônica/complicações , Hepatite C Crônica/virologia , Quimioterapia Combinada
6.
Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc ; 62(4): 1-4, 2024 Jul 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39541480

RESUMO

Background: Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infection represents a global public health problem, but in Mexico, the Ministry of Health through the National Epidemiological Surveillance System (SINAVE) only reports the distribution of incident cases by state, sex and epidemiological week. Objective: To determine the seroprevalence and factors associated with HCV in beneficiaries of a Family Medicine Unit of the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS) in the city of Nogales, Sonora, located on the border between Mexico and the United States. Material and methods: Cross-sectional study that included 145 beneficiaries with rapid HCV antibody test results. Information on risk factors was obtained through direct questioning. To compare groups of reactive and non-reactive patients, Fisher's Exact Test was used and a Logistic Regression model to determine Odds Ratio (OR) values. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A seroprevalence of 2.8% (95%CI: 0.8 - 6.9) was determined and through the logistic regression model it was found that the history of transfusions (OR: 151.2, 95%CI: 5.9 - 3.858.0) and the use of intranasal drugs (OR: 20.81, 95%CI: 1.3 - 331.3) increase the risk of infection. Conclusions: The seroprevalence of HCV in Nogales is higher than that of the rest of Mexico. Recent studies establish a history of transfusion as a risk factor, but few have explored intranasal drug use.


Introducción: el virus de la hepatitis C (VHC) representa un problema de salud pública global, pero en México, la Secretaría de Salud a través del Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica (SINAVE) solo reporta la distribución de casos incidentes por entidad federativa, sexo y semana epidemiológica. Objetivo: determinar la seroprevalencia y factores asociados a VHC en derechohabientes (DH) de una Unidad de Medicina Familiar del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS) de la ciudad de Nogales, Sonora, localizada en la frontera entre México y Estados Unidos. Material y métodos: estudio transversal que incluyó 145 DH con resultado de prueba rápida de anticuerpos contra VHC. Mediante interrogatorio directo se obtuvo información sobre factores de riesgo. Para comparar pacientes reactivos y no reactivos se usó Prueba Exacta de Fisher y un modelo de Regresión Logística para determinación de valores de Odds Ratio (OR). Un valor de P <0.05 se consideró estadísticamente significativo. Resultados: se determinó una seroprevalencia de 2.8% (IC95%: 0.8 ­ 6.9) y a través del modelo de regresión logística se encontró que el antecedente de transfusión (OR: 151.2, IC95%: 5.9 ­ 3.858.0) y el uso de drogas intranasales (OR: 20.81, IC95%: 1.3 ­ 331.3) incrementan el riesgo de infección. Conclusiones: la seroprevalencia de VHC en Nogales es mayor a la del resto de México. Estudios recientes establecen el antecedente de transfusión como factor de riesgo, pero pocos han explorado uso de drogas intranasales.


Assuntos
Hepatite C , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , México/epidemiologia , Fatores de Risco , Feminino , Masculino , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Estudos Soroepidemiológicos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Idoso , Adolescente
7.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 22838, 2024 10 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39354018

RESUMO

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection poses a significant public health challenge and often leads to long-term health complications and even death. Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with a proposed viral etiology. HCV infection and PD have been previously suggested to be related. This work aimed to identify potential biomarkers and pathways that may play a role in the joint development of PD and HCV infection. Using BioOptimatics-bioinformatics driven by mathematical global optimization-, 22 publicly available microarray and RNAseq datasets for both diseases were analyzed, focusing on sex-specific differences. Our results revealed that 19 genes, including MT1H, MYOM2, and RPL18, exhibited significant changes in expression in both diseases. Pathway and network analyses stratified by sex indicated that these gene expression changes were enriched in processes related to immune response regulation in females and immune cell activation in males. These findings suggest a potential link between HCV infection and PD, highlighting the importance of further investigation into the underlying mechanisms and potential therapeutic targets involved.


Assuntos
Hepatite C , Doença de Parkinson , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Biomarcadores , Biologia Computacional/métodos , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Hepacivirus/genética , Hepatite C/complicações , Hepatite C/virologia , Doença de Parkinson/genética , Doença de Parkinson/virologia , Fatores Sexuais
8.
Rev Saude Publica ; 58(suppl 1): 4s, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39417514

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections disproportionally affect men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TGW). However, only a few studies have evaluated the prevalence of hepatitis in these populations, especially in youths and adolescents. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of biomarkers for hepatitis A, B, and C among young and adolescent MSM and TGW in three Brazilian municipalities. METHODS: Baseline data were collected from a combination of HIV prevention cohort of young and adolescent MSM (AMSM) and TGW (ATGW) aged 15-19 years in three Brazilian municipalities. A social behavioral questionnaire was applied, and immunoassays were performed to detect antibodies against hepatitis A (anti- HAV IgG and IgM), hepatitis B (anti-HBc and anti-HBs), and hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV); testing for the active hepatitis B marker, HBsAg, was also performed. The prevalence of reactive tests and 95% confidence interval (CI) for proportions were measured. RESULTS: The prevalence of naturally or artificially acquired immunity for hepatitis A totaled 17.7% (95%CI: 15.4-20.4), whereas that of acute infection, 0.4% (95%CI: 0.2-1.2). For hepatitis B and C, prevalence rates totaled 2.8% (95%CI: 1.8-4.4) and 0.2% (95%CI: 0.1-1.1), respectively. About 25.7% (95%CI: 22.4-29.4) of participants were non-reactive for anti-HBc and reactive for anti-HBs, the latter being a vaccine marker for hepatitis B. CONCLUSIONS: The investigation of viral hepatitis biomarkers among vulnerable populations enables the early identification of infections, the provision of timely treatment, and an opportunity to point out the need to expand vaccination coverage.


Assuntos
Hepatite B , Homossexualidade Masculina , Pessoas Transgênero , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Masculino , Adolescente , Pessoas Transgênero/estatística & dados numéricos , Adulto Jovem , Prevalência , Homossexualidade Masculina/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Hepatite A/epidemiologia , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Biomarcadores/sangue , Estudos Transversais , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Fatores de Risco , Hepatite Viral Humana/epidemiologia
9.
Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) ; 70(8): e20240370, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39230144

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: In the hepatitis C virus (HCV) diagnostic algorithm, an anti-HCV screening test is recommended first. In countries with low HCV prevalence, anti-HCV testing can often give false-positive results. This may lead to unnecessary retesting, increased costs, and psychological stress for patients. METHODS: In this study, the most appropriate S/Co (signal-cutoff) value to predict HCV viremia in anti-HCV test(+) individuals was determined, and the effect of genotype differences was evaluated. Of the 96,515 anti-HCV tests performed between 2020 and 2023, 934 were reactive. A total of 332 retests and 65 patients without HCV-ribonucleic acid (RNA) analysis were excluded. Demographic data were calculated for 537 patients, and 130 patients were included in the study. RESULTS: The average age of 537 patients was 55±18 years, and 57.1% were women. The anti-HCV positivity rate was 0.62% (602/96,515), and the actual anti-HCV positivity rate was 0.13% (130/96,515). Anti-HCV levels were higher in HCV-RNA(+) patients than in HCV-RNA-negative individuals (p<0.0001) (Table 1). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis identified the optimal S/Co value to be 10.86 to identify true positive cases. Sensitivity was 96.1%, specificity was 61.2%, positive predictive value (PPV) was 44.2%, and negative predictive value (NPV) was 98% (Figure 2). A total of 107 (82.3%) of the patients were identified as GT1, and the most common subtype was GT1b (n=100). CONCLUSION: If anti-HCV S/Co is ≥10.86, direct HCV RNA testing may be recommended; However, the possibility of false positivity should be considered in patients with a S/Co value below 10.86.


Assuntos
Genótipo , Hepacivirus , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite C , Hepatite C , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , RNA Viral , Viremia , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hepacivirus/genética , RNA Viral/sangue , RNA Viral/análise , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite C/sangue , Hepatite C/genética , Hepatite C/sangue , Adulto , Idoso , Sensibilidade e Especificidade
10.
Rev Assoc Med Bras (1992) ; 70(8): e20240452, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39230147

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Routine screening for viral infections at blood donation is important to avoid transfusion-transmitted infections. It also offers an opportunity to detect an asymptomatic infection. OBJECTIVE: To study changes in serology positivity for viral infections (B and C hepatitis, HTLV-1/2, and HIV) at blood donation in a blood bank from Southern Brazil, comparing two periods of 5 years: the period from 2013 to 2017 with the period from 2018 to 2022. In addition, data on the donor fidelity rate during the studied period were sought. METHODS: Retrospective study using data from 2013 to 2022 from a single blood center electronic database from Curitiba, Southern Brazil. RESULTS: A significant drop in positive serology for all studied viruses was observed: highest in HIV (OR=0.39; 95% CI=0.27-0.57) and lowest in total anti HBc (0.56; 95 CI=0.50-0.63). Anti HBc serology became more commonly seen in women in the period of 2018-2022 when compared to men. No changes in the distribution of positive serology according to donors' ages were observed. Loyalty rates had a median of 70%, with the lowest being 60% in 2013, while the highest was 73% in 2018 and 2022. CONCLUSION: A significant reduction in discarded blood bags due to viral serology was observed when the period of 2013-2017 was compared to 2018-2022 on this blood bank; the highest reduction was observed in HIV serology and the lowest in HBc serology, which became more common in women in the second period. High rates of donor fidelity were observed during the period studied.


Assuntos
Bancos de Sangue , Doadores de Sangue , Humanos , Doadores de Sangue/estatística & dados numéricos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Masculino , Feminino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto , Bancos de Sangue/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Infecções por HIV/sangue , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Adolescente , Hepatite B/sangue , Hepatite B/diagnóstico , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Viroses/diagnóstico , Viroses/sangue , Hepatite C/sangue , Hepatite C/diagnóstico , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Testes Sorológicos/estatística & dados numéricos , Testes Sorológicos/métodos
11.
AIDS Res Ther ; 21(1): 57, 2024 Aug 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39187870

RESUMO

Chronic viral infections caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C (HCV), and hepatitis B (HBV) are common among patients with end-stage renal disease (ESKD). These infections were once considered contraindications to kidney transplantation due to potential risks associated with long-term immunosuppression. Improved management and antiviral therapies have changed the prognosis and survival of this group of patients, along with an increased experience in transplanting people with these viral infections. We report the first successful kidney transplant in an ESKD patient on hemodialysis with a history of concomitant HIV, HCV and HBV infection in Mexico.


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV , Falência Renal Crônica , Transplante de Rim , Humanos , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Falência Renal Crônica/cirurgia , Falência Renal Crônica/complicações , Masculino , Hepatite B/complicações , Hepatite C/complicações , Hepatite C/tratamento farmacológico , México , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Hepatite C Crônica/complicações , Hepatite C Crônica/tratamento farmacológico , Resultado do Tratamento , Diálise Renal
12.
Viruses ; 16(8)2024 Aug 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39205233

RESUMO

The Hepatitis C Virus (HCV), with its diverse genotypes and subtypes, has significantly impacted the health of millions of people worldwide. Analyzing the risk factors is essential to understanding the spread of the disease and developing appropriate prevention strategies. This study aimed to identify risk factors associated with HCV subtype transmission and calculate the emergence time of subtype 1a in Mexico. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2014 to December 2018, involving 260 HCV-infected adults. HCV infection was confirmed via Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, and viral load was measured by real-time PCR. Genotyping/subtyping tools were the Line Probe Assay and Sanger sequencing of the non-structural region 5B (NS5B). The most frequent HCV subtype was 1a (58.5%), followed by subtypes 1b (19.2%), 3a (13.1%), 2b (5.4%), 2a/2c (2.7%), 2a (0.8%), and 4a (0.4%). Intravenous drug use and tattoos were significant risk factors for subtypes 1a and 3a, while hemodialysis and blood transfusion were linked with subtype 1b. For the evolutionary analysis, 73 high-quality DNA sequences of the HCV subtype 1a NS5B region were used, employing a Bayesian coalescent analysis approach. This analysis suggested that subtype 1a was introduced to Mexico in 1976, followed by a diversification event in the mid-1980s. An exponential increase in cases was observed from 1998 to 2006, stabilizing by 2014. In conclusion, this study found that HCV subtypes follow distinct transmission routes, emphasizing the need for targeted prevention strategies. Additionally, the findings provide valuable insights into the origin of HCV subtype 1a. By analyzing the history, risk factors, and dynamics of the HCV epidemic, we have identified these measures: limiting the harm of intravenous drug trafficking, enhancing medical training and infrastructure, and ensuring universal access to antiviral treatments. The successful implementation of these strategies could lead to an HCV-free future in Mexico.


Assuntos
Genótipo , Hepacivirus , Hepatite C , Filogenia , Humanos , México/epidemiologia , Hepacivirus/genética , Hepacivirus/classificação , Fatores de Risco , Masculino , Feminino , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Hepatite C/virologia , Hepatite C/transmissão , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Evolução Molecular , Carga Viral , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/genética , Adulto Jovem
13.
J Viral Hepat ; 31(11): 720-728, 2024 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39136176

RESUMO

It is critical to address hepatitis C virus (HCV) in carceral settings to achieve worldwide elimination of the virus. We describe New Mexico's (NM) experience expanding HCV treatment in state prisons, supplemented with Project ECHO (ECHO; virtual mentorship through guided practice) and the NM Peer Education Program (NMPEP). We describe how using these programs may be a model for expanding treatment in prisons globally. ECHO, NM Corrections Department (NMCD) and Wexford Health Services (WHS) collaborate to treat HCV in state prisons and increase HCV knowledge among incarcerated persons using NMPEP. Each person arriving in prison is tested for HCV and those with active infection receive baseline labs, which are reviewed. Patients not meeting criteria for simplified treatment are presented to ECHO for expert guidance. Otherwise, patients are treated by WHS without consultation. NMPEP provides patient-to-patient education in prisons, addressing HCV myths and exploring treatment refusals. From December 2020 to June 2023, 3603 people had HCV viremia. In this study, 1685 people started treatment: 1280 were treated using the simplified algorithm and 405 were presented to ECHO. Of the 988 people who completed treatment and had sustained virologic response (SVR) labs drawn, 89.2% achieved SVR (i.e., cure). Most of the 107 people who did not achieve SVR had presumed reinfection. NMPEP trained 148 peer educators who educated 3832 peers about HCV prevention and treatment. HCV treatment in prisons can be expanded by implementing simplified treatment algorithms, use of the ECHO model for patients with advanced disease and peer education.


Assuntos
Hepatite C , Prisões , Humanos , New Mexico , Hepatite C/tratamento farmacológico , Grupo Associado , Prisioneiros , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Masculino , Feminino , Hepacivirus , Educação de Pacientes como Assunto/métodos
14.
Rev Bras Epidemiol ; 27Suppl 1(Suppl 1): e240008.supl.1, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês, Português | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39166580

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prior testing for HIV, syphilis, hepatitis B (HBV), and hepatitis C (HCV) among transgender women and travestis (TGW) in five Brazilian cities and identify factors associated with each of these previous tests. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study with the recruitment of TGW through respondent-driven sampling (TransOdara Study). The investigated outcome variable was prior testing for HIV, syphilis, HBV, and HCV in the last 12 months. The association between sociodemographic and behavioral factors with the outcome was analyzed using a binomial logistic regression with mixed effects. Adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI95%) were estimated. RESULTS: The proportions of individuals with prior testing in the past year were as follows: 56.3% for HIV, 58.0% for syphilis, 42.1% for HBV, and 44.7% for HCV. Negative associations with prior testing were observed for individuals aged 35 years or older, whereas positive associations were found for those with high school education, those who experienced verbal or psychological violence in the last 12 months, and those who had commercial or casual partners in the last 6 months. CONCLUSION: There was low frequency of testing in the 12 months preceding the study for HIV, syphilis, HBV, and HCV compared to the guidelines established by the Ministry of Health. Expanding access to and engagement with healthcare and prevention services for TGW is an essential strategy in reducing the transmission chain of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs).


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV , Hepatite B , Hepatite C , Sífilis , Pessoas Transgênero , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Pessoas Transgênero/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Sífilis/diagnóstico , Sífilis/epidemiologia , Adulto , Hepatite B/diagnóstico , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Hepatite C/diagnóstico , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Infecções por HIV/diagnóstico , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Adolescente , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Fatores Sociodemográficos , Fatores de Risco
15.
Rev Bras Epidemiol ; 27Suppl 1(Suppl 1): e240005.supl.1, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês, Português | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39166577

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with hepatitis A, B, and C in transgender women and travestis's networks, in 5 regions of Brazil. METHODS: This cross-sectional study includedtransgender women and travestis in five Brazilian capitals (Campo Grande, Manaus, Porto Alegre, Salvador, and São Paulo), between December/2019 and July/2021. All samples were subjected to detection of serological markers of hepatitis virus A (HAV), B (HBV), and C (HCV) infections through rapid tests and chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassays. Positive samples in the screening tests were submitted to detect HBV DNA and HCV-RNA by real-time PCR and genotyped by Sanger sequencing. RESULTS: Analysis of 1,317 samples showed network prevalence rates of 69.1%, 25.1%, and 1.5% for HAV, HBV, and HCV exposure, respectively. A high susceptibility rate to HBV infection (35.7%) and low prevalence of vaccine response markers (40%) were also observed. Age greater than 26 years, self-declared black/brown skin color, having only primary education, history of incarceration, and use of a condom in the last sexual intercourse with a casual partner were associated with total anti-HAV. Exposure to HBV was associated with age greater than 26 years, self-declared black/brown, history of being a sex worker, and incarceration. Age > 37 years, history of sexual abuse, and frequent alcohol consumption were associated with hepatitis C infection. CONCLUSION: The highest prevalence of HAV in this population was found in the North and Northeast regions, and the prevalence found was higher than that in the general population, suggesting greater vulnerability. The prevalence of HCV infection in our study was similar to that observed in the general population.


Assuntos
Hepatite A , Hepatite B , Hepatite C , Pessoas Transgênero , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Feminino , Estudos Transversais , Adulto , Prevalência , Pessoas Transgênero/estatística & dados numéricos , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem , Masculino , Hepatite A/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco
16.
Rev Gastroenterol Mex (Engl Ed) ; 89(3): 379-388, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39025775

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION AND AIM: Timely detection and diagnosis of hepatitis C virus (HCV) involves identifying the population that is predisposed to treatment and prevention, thus limiting complications and preventing infection. The aim of this study was to analyze and describe risk factors associated with anti-HCV antibody detection in a population with access to public healthcare that participated in a national screening program. MATERIAL AND METHODS: An analytic cross-sectional study was conducted that utilized data related to rapid tests carried out between September 2021 and October 2022 in 26 of the 32 states of Mexico. Anti-HCV reactive tests were selected, according to age and sex, for analyzing and comparing possible risk factors through descriptive and inferential statistics. The geographic distribution and density of the screening program at the state and municipal levels was analyzed. RESULTS: There were 75,185 anti-HCV antibody detections, 2,052 reactive tests, and mean participant age was 44.3 years (±15.1). Occupation: 32.3% were employees, 19% were housewives, and 18.2% were healthcare workers. Five out of every 10 cases had no indication of risk factors, but there was a 1.4 and 5-times greater likelihood of anti-HCV detection in men with a history of sharps injury or intravenous psychoactive substance use, compared with women. Regarding place of residence, 80% of the reactive tests were concentrated in the State of Mexico, Mexico City, and Guanajuato. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence herein helps determine the population and risk factors that should be focused on in carrying out the HCV microelimination strategy of continuous screening, diagnosis, medical treatment access, and epidemiologic surveillance.


Assuntos
Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite C , Hepatite C , Humanos , México/epidemiologia , Masculino , Feminino , Estudos Transversais , Fatores de Risco , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Hepatite C/diagnóstico , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Anticorpos Anti-Hepatite C/sangue , Adulto Jovem , Idoso , Adolescente , Programas de Rastreamento
17.
Rev Bras Epidemiol ; 27: e240033, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês, Português | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38958369

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the probability of infection with hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viruses in different socioeconomic strata of the population of Recife, Northeast Brazil. METHODS: Study carried out from samples obtained in a survey of residents of a large urban center that had a population base and stratified sampling with random selection of households using the "Brazil Sample" package in the R software. HBV (HBsAg) and anti-HCV was performed using immunochromatographic tests. In cases positive for HBsAg, anti-HBc and HBeAg were tested using chemiluminescence, as well as HBV-DNA using real-time PCR. For cases positive for anti-HCV, the search for this antibody was repeated by chemiluminescence and for HCV-RNA by real-time PCR. The occurrence of HBsAg and anti-HCV cases in the general population was estimated based on a theoretical negative binomial distribution. RESULTS: Among 2,070 samples examined, 5 (0.24%) were HBsAg and 2 (0.1%) anti-HCV positive. The majority of cases had self-reported skin color as black/brown (6/7), education level up to high school (6/7), a steady partner (5/7) and lived in an area of low socioeconomic status (5/7). CONCLUSION: The occurrence of HBsAg and anti-HCV was lower than those previously found in population-based studies and slightly lower than the most recent estimates. Individuals with lower socioeconomic status should be a priority target of public health policies.


Assuntos
Hepatite B , Hepatite C , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Hepatite B/epidemiologia , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adolescente , Adulto Jovem , Criança
18.
Clin Infect Dis ; 79(4): 1109-1116, 2024 Oct 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39078273

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Illicitly manufactured fentanyl (IMF) increases overdose mortality, but its role in infectious disease transmission is unknown. We examined whether IMF use predicts hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) incidence among a cohort of people who inject drugs (PWID) in San Diego, California and Tijuana, Mexico. METHODS: PWID were recruited during 2020-2022, undergoing semi-annual interviewer-administered surveys and HIV and HCV serological rapid tests through 2024. Cox regression was conducted to examine predictors of seroconversion considering self-reported IMF use as a 6-month lagged, time-dependent covariate. RESULTS: Of 398 PWID at baseline, 67% resided in San Diego, 70% were male, median age was 43 years, 42% reported receptive needle sharing, and 25% reported using IMF. HCV incidence was 14.26 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.49-17.02), and HIV incidence was 1.29 (95% CI: .49-2.10). IMF was associated with HCV seroconversion, with a univariable hazard ratio (HR) of 1.64 (95% CI: 1.09-2.40), and multivariable HR of 1.57 (95% CI: 1.03-2.40). The direction of the relationship with HIV was similar, albeit not significant (HR 2.39; 95% CI: .66-8.64). CONCLUSIONS: We document a novel association between IMF and HCV seroconversion among PWID in Tijuana-San Diego. Few HIV seroconversions (n = 10) precluded our ability to assess if a similar relationship held for HIV. IMF's short half-life may destabilize PWID-increasing the need for repeat dosing and sharing smoking materials and syringes. New preventive care approaches may reduce HCV transmission in the fentanyl era.


Assuntos
Fentanila , Hepatite C , Soroconversão , Abuso de Substâncias por Via Intravenosa , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Feminino , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Fentanila/administração & dosagem , Abuso de Substâncias por Via Intravenosa/complicações , Abuso de Substâncias por Via Intravenosa/epidemiologia , California/epidemiologia , México/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Incidência , Estudos de Coortes , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Hepacivirus/imunologia , Drogas Ilícitas
19.
AIDS Behav ; 28(11): 3629-3642, 2024 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39060837

RESUMO

Safe injection self-efficacy (SISE) is negatively associated with injection risk behaviors among people who inject drugs (PWID) but has not been examined in differing risk environments. We compared responses to a validated SISE scale between PWID in San Diego, California and Tijuana, Mexico, and examine correlates of SISE among PWID in Tijuana. PWID were recruited via street outreach for a longitudinal cohort study from October 2020-September 2021. We compared SISE scale items by city. Due to low variability in SISE scores among San Diego residents, we restricted analysis of factors associated with SISE to Tijuana residents and identified correlates of SISE score levels (low, medium, high) using ordinal logistic regression. Of 474 participants, most were male (74%), Latinx (78%) and Tijuana residents (73%). Mean age was 44. Mean SISE scores among San Diego residents were high (3.46 of 4 maximum) relative to Tijuana residents (mean: 1.93). Among Tijuana residents, White race and having previously resided in San Diego were associated with higher SISE scores. HCV and HIV seropositivity, homelessness, fentanyl use, polysubstance co-injection, and greater injection frequency were associated with lower SISE scores. We found profound inequalities between Tijuana and San Diego SISE, likely attributable to differential risk environments. Associations with fentanyl and polysubstance co-injection, injection frequency, and both HIV and HCV seropositivity suggest that SISE contribute to blood-borne infection transmission risks in Tijuana. SISE reflects an actionable intervention target to reduce injection risk behaviors, but structural interventions are required to change the risk environment.


RESUMEN: La autoeficacia de inyección segura (SISE, por sus siglas en inglés) se asocia negativamente con conductas de riesgo de inyección entre las personas que se inyectan drogas (PWID, por sus siglas en inglés), pero no se ha examinado en diferentes entornos de riesgo. Comparamos las respuestas a una escala validada de SISE entre PWID en San Diego, California, y Tijuana, México, y examinamos los correlatos de SISE entre PWID en Tijuana. Participantes fueron reclutados por medio de alcance callejero para un estudio de cohorte longitudinal entre octubre 2020 ­septiembre de 2021. Comparamos los ítems de la escala SISE por ciudad. Debido a la baja variabilidad en los puntajes SISE entre los residentes de San Diego, restringimos el análisis de factores asociados con SISE a los residentes de Tijuana e identificamos factores correlacionados con niveles de SISE (bajo, medio, alto) mediante regresión logística ordinal. De 474 participantes, la mayoría eran hombres (74%), latinx (78%) y residentes de Tijuana (73%). La edad promedio fue de 44 años. Los puntajes medios de SISE entre los residentes de San Diego fueron altos (3.46 de un máximo de 4) en comparación con los residentes de Tijuana (media: 1.93). Entre los residentes de Tijuana, la raza blanca y haber residido previamente en San Diego se asociaron con puntajes más altos de SISE. La seropositividad para HCV y VIH, la falta de vivienda, el uso de fentanilo, la co-inyección de múltiples sustancias y una mayor frecuencia de inyecciónes se asociaron con puntajes más bajos de SISE. Encontramos profundas desigualdades entre SISE en Tijuana y San Diego, probablemente atribuibles a diferentes entornos de riesgo. Las asociaciones con fentanilo y la co-inyección de múltiples sustancias, la frecuencia de inyección y la seropositividad tanto para VIH como para HCV sugieren que SISE contribuye a los riesgos de transmisión de infecciones transmitidas por la sangre en Tijuana. SISE refleja un objetivo de intervención accionable para reducir las conductas de riesgo de inyección, pero se requieren intervenciones estructurales para cambiar el entorno de riesgo.


Assuntos
Infecções por HIV , Hepatite C , Assunção de Riscos , Autoeficácia , Abuso de Substâncias por Via Intravenosa , Humanos , Masculino , Abuso de Substâncias por Via Intravenosa/epidemiologia , Abuso de Substâncias por Via Intravenosa/psicologia , Abuso de Substâncias por Via Intravenosa/complicações , Feminino , Adulto , California/epidemiologia , México/epidemiologia , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Estudos Longitudinais , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Soropositividade para HIV/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
20.
Goiânia; SES/GO; 25 jun 2024. 1-15 p. map, graf.(Boletim epidemiológico: perfil epidemiológico de hepatites b e c no Estado de Goiás, 25, 6).
Monografia em Português | LILACS, CONASS, Coleciona SUS, SES-GO | ID: biblio-1563006

RESUMO

Boletim com o objetivo de demonstrar o perfil epidemiológico dos casos que foram notificados entre 2019 a 2023, apresentando os indicadores epidemiológicos e operacionais de relevância do estado, para fins de tomada de decisão em relação às ações do Programa para Eliminação das Hepatites Virais até 2030. Trata-se de uma análise de dados secundários obtidos do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificações (SINAN), referentes aos casos diagnosticados e notificados, por município de residência entre 2019 e 2023 pelos serviços de saúde do Estado de Goiás


Bulletin with the aim of demonstrating the epidemiological profile of cases that were reported between 2019 and 2023, presenting epidemiological and operational indicators of relevance to the state, for decision-making purposes in relation to the actions of the Program for the Elimination of Viral Hepatitis by 2030. This is an analysis of secondary data obtained from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN), referring to cases diagnosed and notified, by municipality of residence between 2019 and 2023 by the health services of the State of Goiás


Assuntos
Humanos , Hepatite/epidemiologia , Hepatite C/diagnóstico , Hepatite C/mortalidade , Hepatite C/epidemiologia , Hepatite B/diagnóstico , Hepatite B/mortalidade , Hepatite B/epidemiologia
SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA