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1.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis ; 19(1): e0012193, 2025 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39761322

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Gestational Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is associated with the development of congenital Zika syndrome (CZS), which includes microcephaly and fetal demise. The magnitude and quality of orthoflavivirus-specific humoral immunity have been previously linked to the development of CZS. However, the role of ZIKV NS1-specific humoral immunity in mothers and children with prenatal ZIKV exposure and CZS remains undefined. In addition, considering that most of the at-risk population lives in dengue virus (DENV)-endemic areas, it is not clear what is the association between pre-existing DENV NS1-specific humoral immunity and CZS. METHODS: Here, we studied 328 mothers and children with a clinical diagnosis and seropositivity for ZIKV infection during pregnancy, included during the 2015-2016 ZIKV epidemic in Colombia. We also performed clinical evaluation and pediatric neurological follow-up. The relative levels of circulating NS1-specific IgM and IgG against ZIKV and DENV were evaluated in mothers and children, and the association with the development of microcephaly was analyzed. RESULTS: DENV and ZIKV IgG-NS1 antibodies in pregnant women were placentally transferred, and this passage and its duration in children depended on the maternal levels of the antibodies. We reported that higher concentrations of pre-existing DENV, but not ZIKV IgG-NS1 antibodies, were associated with a reduced risk of CZS-related microcephaly. Also, we observed that the IgM-NS1 response in infants is long-term and has a minor association with poor outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The development of microcephaly in children prenatally exposed to ZIKV is associated with low plasma levels of placentally transferred, pre-existing DENV IgG-NS1 antibodies. These data are compatible with a protective role of anti-NS1 IgG antibodies against ZIKV infection during pregnancy and highlight the promising role of NS1 as an orthoflavivirus vaccine target in high-risk populations.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais , Vírus da Dengue , Imunidade Humoral , Imunoglobulina G , Imunoglobulina M , Microcefalia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais , Infecção por Zika virus , Zika virus , Humanos , Feminino , Infecção por Zika virus/imunologia , Infecção por Zika virus/complicações , Gravidez , Microcefalia/imunologia , Microcefalia/virologia , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Zika virus/imunologia , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/imunologia , Vírus da Dengue/imunologia , Adulto , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/imunologia , Complicações Infecciosas na Gravidez/virologia , Masculino , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Adulto Jovem , Lactente , Pré-Escolar , Adolescente
2.
Parasite Immunol ; 46(12): e13079, 2024 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39655634

RESUMO

Fasciola hepatica is a trematode parasite of significant veterinary and public health importance, causing economic losses in livestock due to liver damage, weight loss and reduced milk production. Although triclabendazole (TCZ) is available for treatment, it does not prevent the disease or reinfection. Infected animals exhibit strong immunoregulation, increasing susceptibility to secondary infections and altering vaccine-induced antibody responses. This study investigates the humoral immune response in cattle infected with F. hepatica at different stages of infection and evaluates the effect of TCZ treatment on this response. It also examines how fasciolosis affects the antibody response induced by bacterial vaccines during early and chronic infection stages. Experimental infections in steers were conducted, with faecal and plasma samples collected at various intervals. The results showed a decrease in parasite-specific antibody avidity during infection. However, F. hepatica infection did not substantially modify antibody response to bacterial vaccines. This study underscores the need for further research on the impact of fasciolosis and its treatment on livestock vaccination efficacy.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Anti-Helmínticos , Doenças dos Bovinos , Fasciola hepatica , Fasciolíase , Imunidade Humoral , Triclabendazol , Animais , Bovinos , Fasciolíase/veterinária , Fasciolíase/imunologia , Fasciolíase/tratamento farmacológico , Fasciolíase/prevenção & controle , Triclabendazol/imunologia , Triclabendazol/uso terapêutico , Fasciola hepatica/imunologia , Imunidade Humoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Doenças dos Bovinos/imunologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/prevenção & controle , Anticorpos Anti-Helmínticos/sangue , Fezes/parasitologia , Masculino , Anti-Helmínticos/uso terapêutico , Vacinas Bacterianas/imunologia , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue
3.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 27343, 2024 11 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39521783

RESUMO

Plasmodium vivax, a challenging species to eliminate, causes millions of malaria cases globally annually. Developing an effective vaccine is crucial in the fight against vivax malaria, but considering the limited number of studies focusing on the identification and development of P. vivax-specific vaccine candidates, exploring new antigens is an urgent need. The merozoite protein CyRPA is essential for P. falciparum growth and erythrocyte invasion and corresponds to a promising candidate antigen. In P. vivax, a single study with multiple vaccine candidates indicates PvCyRPA with strong association with protection, outperforming classic malaria vaccine candidates. However, little is known about the specific naturally acquired response in the Americas, as well as the antigen epitope mapping. For this reason, we aimed to investigate the cellular and humoral immune response elicited against PvCyRPA in Brazilian endemic areas to identify the existence of immunodominant regions and the potential of this protein as a single or even a multi-stage specific malaria vaccine candidate for P. vivax. The results demonstrated that PvCyRPA is naturally immunogenic in Brazilian Amazon individuals previously exposed to malaria, which presented anti-PvCyRPA cytophilic antibodies. Moreover, our data show that the protein also possesses important immunogenic regions with an overlap of B and T cell epitopes. These data reinforce the possibility of including PvCyRPA in vaccine formulations for P. vivax.


Assuntos
Antígenos de Protozoários , Epitopos de Linfócito B , Epitopos de Linfócito T , Malária Vivax , Plasmodium vivax , Proteínas de Protozoários , Humanos , Plasmodium vivax/imunologia , Brasil , Epitopos de Linfócito T/imunologia , Epitopos de Linfócito B/imunologia , Proteínas de Protozoários/imunologia , Malária Vivax/imunologia , Malária Vivax/prevenção & controle , Malária Vivax/parasitologia , Antígenos de Protozoários/imunologia , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/imunologia , Adulto , Masculino , Feminino , Vacinas Antimaláricas/imunologia , Imunidade Humoral , Adulto Jovem , Adolescente
4.
Braz J Infect Dis ; 28(6): 104479, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39547005

RESUMO

The global impact of the SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) pandemic in 2019-2020 has led to significant changes in worldwide vaccination and immune prophylactic approaches. In this study, our research delves into a new immunization strategy that does not involve the use of additional adjuvants or preservatives, focusing on the effects of virus fusion with a bacterial nanostructure. The experimental procedures outlined in this paper involved the cultivation of SARS-CoV-2, the production, extraction, and nanocharacterization of outer membrane vesicles (OMV) from Neisseria meningitidis, immunization of mice with two doses of OMV combined with SARS-CoV-2, and the use of mesoporous silica SBa15 and SBa16 adsorbed to the same virus. The immune response was assessed through an indirect elisa method, analysis of cytokine expression profiles, and seroneutralization of the SARS-CoV-2 strain. The characterizations of associated OMV - SARS-CoV-2 and adsorption SBa15 and SBa16 were performed using Nanosight Tracking Analysis (NTA), which showed a high density of particles in the formulation. mice were then immunized, resulting in an immune response that produced high levels of neutralizing antibodies in IgG and IgG1 mouse immunoglobulins. In addition, expressions of IL-2, IL-4, and IL-23 in spleen cells were reinforced after the vaccination process. The comparative study of these three vaccine formulations has shown that the development of new vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 should take into consideration the production of neutralizing antibodies and the maintenance of immunological memory.


Assuntos
Vacinas contra COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Neisseria meningitidis , SARS-CoV-2 , Dióxido de Silício , Animais , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , COVID-19/imunologia , Vacinas contra COVID-19/imunologia , SARS-CoV-2/imunologia , Camundongos , Neisseria meningitidis/imunologia , Imunidade Humoral/imunologia , Imunidade Celular , Feminino , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Citocinas/imunologia , Citocinas/metabolismo , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/imunologia , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/sangue , Vacinação
5.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis ; 18(11): e0012636, 2024 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39495782

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Plasmodium vivax infection, when it occurs during pregnancy, has often been associated with serious adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, immunological alterations in pregnancy and their consequences have been little explored. We characterized the humoral immune response in pregnant women exposed to malaria by P. vivax antigens and its association with the maternal inflammatory profile and poor pregnancy outcomes. METHODS: An observational cohort study in the Brazilian Amazon was conducted between 2013 and 2015. After applying exclusion criteria, 242 mother-child pairs were included in the analysis. Data on maternal infection, gestational outcomes, and inflammatory factors were evaluated in the maternal peripheral plasma. In samples from the first infection, the presence of total IgG and its subclasses in plasma against PvMSP119 protein were also quantified. RESULTS: Previous exposure to malaria, observed by anti-total IgG antibodies to the PvMSP119 antigen, increased the inflammatory response to infection when the pregnant woman had malaria during pregnancy. IL-6 and IL-10 levels were positively correlated with parasitemia and with total IgG levels; but they were negatively correlated with the gestational age at delivery from Pv-infected woman. In multivariate linear regression analyses, IgG 1, 2 and 4 was negatively and positively associated with cytokines IL-6 and IL-10, respectively, in P. vivax-infection. CONCLUSIONS: An association between the humoral immune response and the peripheral inflammatory cytokine profile with the adverse outcomes in malaria in pregnancy by P. vivax was observed. Previous exposure to the parasite can influence the IL-6 and IL-10 response, which is associated with increased parasitemia, reduced maternal weight gain and premature delivery.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antiprotozoários , Imunidade Humoral , Imunoglobulina G , Malária Vivax , Plasmodium vivax , Humanos , Feminino , Gravidez , Malária Vivax/imunologia , Malária Vivax/parasitologia , Adulto , Plasmodium vivax/imunologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Adulto Jovem , Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/sangue , Estudos de Coortes , Complicações Parasitárias na Gravidez/imunologia , Complicações Parasitárias na Gravidez/sangue , Complicações Parasitárias na Gravidez/parasitologia , Interleucina-10/sangue , Resultado da Gravidez , Inflamação/imunologia , Inflamação/sangue , Interleucina-6/sangue , Interleucina-6/imunologia , Adolescente
6.
J Infect Dev Ctries ; 18(9.1): S135-S146, 2024 Sep 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39499757

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has spread worldwide since 2019. Survey of the antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 is one of the most important measures of immunity since it can give an idea on the effectiveness of administered vaccines and the serologic status of individuals. We determined the concentrations of blood IgM and IgG against three SARS-CoV-2 proteins in vaccinated teachers and students among a university population from Chihuahua, Mexico. METHODOLOGY: Humoral response surveillance against the 3C-like proteinase (3CLpro), nuclear protein (NP), and receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 was carried out. A total of 239 samples were analyzed: 67 from teachers who were vaccinated with CanSino and 172 from students (27.9% were vaccinated with AstraZeneca, 32.6% with Sinovac, 24.4% with Pfizer-BioNTech, 15.1% with other vaccines). RESULTS: Significant differences in the levels of IgG were observed between serum from individuals prior to vaccination (preimmunization serum) and from those that were vaccinated with CanSino. However, samples from asymptomatic individuals did not show differences between the preimmunization and post-immunization serum. The three vaccinated groups (AstraZeneca, Pfizer and Sinovac) did not show significant differences in anti-RBD IgG antibody titers compared to the positive control group, except for a Pfizer non-COVID-19 subgroup where the level of antibodies in the Pfizer group was 1.7 times higher. Neither vaccine group showed significant differences between those individuals who previously had COVID-19 and uninfected individuals. CONCLUSIONS: These results provide a picture of the situation at the time when in-person classes resumed.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais , Vacinas contra COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Imunidade Humoral , Imunoglobulina G , Imunoglobulina M , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , México , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , COVID-19/imunologia , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Vacinas contra COVID-19/imunologia , Vacinas contra COVID-19/administração & dosagem , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , SARS-CoV-2/imunologia , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Universidades , Imunoglobulina M/sangue , Adulto Jovem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudantes , Adolescente
7.
Parasite Immunol ; 46(11): e13074, 2024 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39513742

RESUMO

Fasciolosis is a parasitosis of great importance for livestock, as well as for public health, as it is considered by the WHO as a neglected disease. Disease control is complex and reinfections make the use of therapeutic products an unsustainable method from an economic, environmental and health point of view. The aim of this study was to evaluate a new vaccine formulation for dairy cattle, containing soluble Fasciola hepatica antigens associated with Montanide 763 AVG and saponin adjuvants (FhSAMS). The vaccine was tested with two protocols, a single dose and a booster dose 6 months after the first dose. The FhSAMS vaccine proved to be safe, with no side effects. Furthermore, it was able to generate a more robust humoral immune response when a six-month booster dose was used, in addition to stimulating greater production of IFN-ʏ, indicating a Th1 profile immune stimulus.


Assuntos
Adjuvantes Imunológicos , Anticorpos Anti-Helmínticos , Antígenos de Helmintos , Doenças dos Bovinos , Fasciola hepatica , Fasciolíase , Animais , Bovinos , Fasciolíase/prevenção & controle , Fasciolíase/veterinária , Fasciolíase/imunologia , Fasciola hepatica/imunologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/prevenção & controle , Doenças dos Bovinos/imunologia , Doenças dos Bovinos/parasitologia , Antígenos de Helmintos/imunologia , Anticorpos Anti-Helmínticos/sangue , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Feminino , Saponinas/imunologia , Vacinas/imunologia , Vacinas/administração & dosagem , Vacinas/efeitos adversos , Imunogenicidade da Vacina , Imunização Secundária , Imunidade Humoral , Vacinação/veterinária
8.
J Immunol Res ; 2024: 7112940, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39359695

RESUMO

Understanding the immune response generated by SARS-CoV-2 is critical for assessing efficient therapeutic protocols and gaining insights into the durability of protective immunity. The current work was aimed at studying the specific humoral responses against SARS-CoV-2 in Cuban COVID-19 convalescents. We developed suitable tools and methods based on ELISA methodology, for supporting this evaluation. Here, we describe the development of an ELISA for the quantification of anti-RBD IgG titers in a large number of samples and a similar test in the presence of NH4SCN as chaotropic agent for estimating the RBD specific antibody avidity. Additionally, a simple and rapid ELISA based on antibody-mediated blockage of the binding RBD-ACE2 was implemented for detecting, as a surrogate of conventional test, the levels of anti-RBD inhibitory antibodies in convalescent sera. In a cohort of 273 unvaccinated convalescents, we identified higher anti-RBD IgG titer (1 : 1,330, p < 0.0001) and higher levels of inhibitory antibodies blocking RBD-ACE2 binding (1 : 216, p < 0.05) among those who had recovered from severe illness. Our results suggest that disease severity, and not demographic features such as age, sex, and skin color, is the main determinant of the magnitude and neutralizing ability of the anti-RBD antibody response. An additional paired longitudinal assessment in 14 symptomatic convalescents revealed a decline in the antiviral antibody response and the persistence of neutralizing antibodies for at least 4 months after the onset of symptoms. Overall, SARS-CoV-2 infection elicits different levels of antibody response according to disease severity that declines over time and can be monitored using our homemade serological assays.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Neutralizantes , Anticorpos Antivirais , COVID-19 , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Imunidade Humoral , Imunoglobulina G , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , COVID-19/imunologia , SARS-CoV-2/imunologia , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , Cuba , Masculino , Feminino , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/imunologia , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/sangue , Glicoproteína da Espícula de Coronavírus/imunologia , Idoso , Enzima de Conversão de Angiotensina 2/metabolismo , Afinidade de Anticorpos/imunologia
9.
Cad Saude Publica ; 40(9): e00155023, 2024.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39417469

RESUMO

This study evaluated the explanatory factors of humoral immune response in older adults admitted to long-term care institutions in Buenos Aires, Argentina, up to 180 days after vaccination. An open-label, prospective, multicenter cohort study was conducted with volunteers who received two doses of the Sputnik V, Sinopharm, or AZD1222 vaccines. Plasma samples were analyzed at 0 and 21 days after the first dose, 21 days after the second dose, and 120 and 180 days after the first dose. Marginal linear models and generalized additives mixed models were adjusted to determine the behavior of anti-spike IgG antibody concentration over time according to exposure group (naïve/no-naïve) and vaccine. Occurrence of an outbreak of COVID-19 in long-term care institutions and comorbidities were the covariates analyzed. A total of 773 participants were included, with a mean age of 83 years (IQR: 76-89). Results showed that antibody levels in the naïve: Sinopharm group were significantly lower to the other groups (p < 0.05). Antibody levels in the no-naïve: Sinopharm group were similar to those in the naïve group who received AZD1222 (p = 0.945) or Sputnik V (p = 1). Participants exposed to outbreaks in long-term care institutions had significantly higher antibody levels, regardless of exposure group and vaccine (p < 0.001). In conclusion, previous exposure to COVID-19, type of vaccine, and admittance into a long-term care institution with a history of outbreaks are factors to be considered in future epidemic events with transmission dynamics and immunological mechanisms similar to COVID-19, in populations similar to the one analyzed.


El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar los factores explicativos de la respuesta inmune humoral en adultos mayores de establecimientos de estancia prolongada de Buenos Aires, Argentina, hasta 180 días post vacunación. Se utilizó un diseño de cohorte abierta, prospectiva, multicéntrica, con voluntarios que recibieron dos dosis de vacunas Sputnik V, Sinopharm o AZD1222. Se analizaron muestras de plasma en los tiempos 0, 21 días post primera dosis, 21 días post segunda dosis, 120 y 180 días post primera dosis. Se ajustaron modelos lineales marginales y aditivos generalizados mixtos para evaluar el comportamiento de la concentración de anticuerpos IgG anti-Spike en el tiempo según grupo de exposición (naïve/no-naïve) y vacuna. Las covariables analizadas fueron: ocurrencia de brote de COVID-19 en establecimientos de estancia prolongada y comorbilidades. Se incluyeron en el análisis 773 participantes con una mediana de edad de 83 años (RIQ: 76-89). Al final del estudio, los niveles de anticuerpos del grupo naïve: Sinopharm fueron significativamente menores que el resto de los grupos (p < 0,05); los del no-naïve: Sinopharm resultaron similares a los naïve que recibieron AZD1222 (p = 0,945) o Sputnik V (p = 1). Los participantes expuestos a brotes en establecimientos de estancia prolongada presentaron niveles de anticuerpos significativamente mayores, independientemente del grupo de exposición y la vacuna (p < 0,001). Concluimos que la exposición previa a COVID-19, el tipo de vacuna y la pertenencia a un establecimiento de estancia prolongada con antecedente de brote son factores a considerar frente a futuros eventos epidémicos con dinámicas de transmisión y mecanismos inmunológicos similares al COVID-19, en poblaciones similares a la analizada en este trabajo.


Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os fatores explicativos da resposta imune humoral em idosos em instituições de longa permanência em Buenos Aires, Argentina, até 180 dias após a vacinação. Foi realizado um estudo de coorte aberto, prospectivo e multicêntrico, com voluntários que receberam duas doses das vacinas Sputnik V, Sinopharm ou AZD1222. As amostras de plasma foram analisadas nos tempos 0, 21 dias após a primeira dose, 21 dias após a segunda dose, 120 e 180 dias após a primeira dose. Os modelos lineares marginais e os aditivos generalizados mistos foram ajustados para determinar o comportamento da concentração de anticorpos IgG anti-Spike ao longo do tempo de acordo com o grupo de exposição (naïve/no-naïve) e vacina. As covariáveis analisadas foram ocorrência de pico de COVID-19 nas instituições de longa permanência e comorbidades. Foram incluídos 773 participantes, com média de idade de 83 anos (IIQ: 76-89). Os resultados apontaram níveis de anticorpos do grupo naïve: Sinopharm significativamente mais baixos do que os outros grupos (p < 0,05); e as variáveis do grupo no-naïve: Sinopharm foram semelhantes à do grupo naïve que recebeu AZD1222 (p = 0,945) ou Sputnik V (p = 1). Os participantes expostos a picos nas instituições de longa permanência apresentaram níveis de anticorpos significativamente maiores, independentemente do grupo de exposição e da vacina (p < 0,001). Conclui-se que a exposição prévia à COVID-19, tipo de vacina e adesão a uma instituição de longa permanência com histórico de pico são fatores a serem considerados em futuros eventos epidêmicos com dinâmica de transmissão e mecanismos imunológicos semelhantes à COVID-19, em populações semelhantes à analisada neste trabalho.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais , Vacinas contra COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Imunidade Humoral , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , COVID-19/imunologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , SARS-CoV-2/imunologia , Argentina/epidemiologia , Vacinas contra COVID-19/imunologia , Vacinas contra COVID-19/administração & dosagem , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Assistência de Longa Duração , Glicoproteína da Espícula de Coronavírus/imunologia
10.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz ; 119: e230239, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39258622

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: The immunological response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and immunisation is variable. OBJECTIVES: To describe the humoral immune response by correlating IgA and IgG antibodies with NAbs titration following CoronaVac® immunisation and an mRNA (Comirnaty®) booster among healthcare workers (HCWs) and to compare the cytokine and interleukin profiles between HCWs vaccinated with CoronaVac and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infected patients. METHODS: Samples from 133 HCWs collected at 20 (T1) and 90 (T2) days after CoronaVac immunisation and 15 (T3) days after a booster dose with the Comirnaty vaccine were analysed for IgA and IgG EIA and neutralisation assay. Cytokine levels from vaccinated individuals at T1 day and COVID-19 patients were compared. FINDINGS: Neutralising antibodies (NAbs) were observed in 81.7% of participants at T1, but only 49.2% maintained detectable NAbs after 90 days. The booster dose increased NAbs response in all participants. The cytokines with the highest levels post-vaccination were IL-6 and MCP-1. The MCP-1, IL-18, and IFN- γ levels were higher in COVID-19 patients than in vaccinated HCWs, while IL-22 levels increased in the vaccinated HCWs group. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: The neutralisation titres in the T2 samples decreased, and antibody levels detected at T2 showed a more significant reduction than the neutralisation. The higher IL-22 expression in immunised individuals compared to those with COVID-19 suggests that IL-22 may be beneficial in protecting against severe disease.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Neutralizantes , Anticorpos Antivirais , Vacinas contra COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Citocinas , Pessoal de Saúde , Imunização Secundária , Imunoglobulina G , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , COVID-19/imunologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Masculino , Feminino , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Adulto , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/sangue , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/imunologia , SARS-CoV-2/imunologia , Vacinas contra COVID-19/imunologia , Vacinas contra COVID-19/administração & dosagem , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Citocinas/imunologia , Citocinas/sangue , Imunoglobulina A/sangue , Imunoglobulina A/imunologia , Imunoglobulina A/análise , Vacinação , Adulto Jovem , Imunidade Humoral/imunologia , Vacinas de Produtos Inativados
11.
Front Immunol ; 15: 1431403, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39224589

RESUMO

Introduction: There are no reports in LATAM related to longitudinal humoral and cellular response to adenovirus based COVID-19 vaccines in people with Multiple Sclerosis (pwMS) under different disease modifying therapies (DMTs) and neutralization of the Omicron and Wuhan variants of SARS-COV-2. Methods: IgG anti- SARS-COV-2 spike titer were measured in a cohort of 101 pwMS under fingolimod, dimethyl fumarate, cladribine and antiCD20, as well as 28 healthy controls (HC) were measured 6 weeks after vaccination with 2nd dose (Sputnik V or AZD1222) and 3nd dose (homologous or heterologous schedule). Neutralizing capacity was against Omicron (BA.1) and Wuhan (D614G) variants and pseudotyped particles and Cellular response were analyzed. Results: Multivariate regression analysis showed anti-cd20 (ß= -,349, 95% CI: -3655.6 - -369.01, p=0.017) and fingolimod (ß=-,399, 95% CI: -3363.8 - -250.9, p=0.023) treatments as an independent factor associated with low antibody response (r2 adjusted=0.157). After the 2nd dose we found a correlation between total and neutralizing titers against D614G (rho=0.6; p<0.001; slope 0.8, 95%CI:0.4-1.3), with no differences between DMTs. Neutralization capacity was lower for BA.1 (slope 0.3, 95%CI:0.1-0.4). After the 3rd dose, neutralization of BA.1 improved (slope: 0.9 95%CI:0.6-1.2), without differences between DMTs. A fraction of pwMS generated anti-Spike CD4+ and CD8+ T cell response. In contrast, pwMS under antiCD20 generated CD8+TNF+IL2+ response without differences with HC, even in the absence of humoral response. The 3rd dose significantly increased the neutralization against the Omicron, as observed in the immunocompetent population. Discussion: Findings regarding humoral and cellular response are consistent with previous reports.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Neutralizantes , Anticorpos Antivirais , Vacinas contra COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Imunossupressores , Esclerose Múltipla , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Vacinas contra COVID-19/imunologia , Vacinas contra COVID-19/administração & dosagem , SARS-CoV-2/imunologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Esclerose Múltipla/imunologia , Esclerose Múltipla/tratamento farmacológico , COVID-19/imunologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Adulto , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/imunologia , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/sangue , Argentina , Adenoviridae/genética , Adenoviridae/imunologia , Imunidade Humoral , Glicoproteína da Espícula de Coronavírus/imunologia
12.
Vaccine ; 42(23): 126203, 2024 Oct 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39178767

RESUMO

SARS-CoV-2 is the causative virus of COVID-19, which has been responsible for millions of deaths worldwide since its discovery. After its emergence, several variants have been identified that challenge the efficacy of the available vaccines. Previously, we generated and evaluated a vaccine based on a recombinant Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (rBCG) expressing the nucleoprotein (N) of SARS-CoV-2 (rBCG-N-SARS-CoV-2). This protein is a highly immunogenic antigen and well conserved among variants. Here, we tested the administration of this vaccine with recombinant N and viral Spike proteins (S), or Receptor Binding Domain (RBD-Omicron variant), plus a booster with the recombinant proteins only, as a novel and effective strategy to protect against SARS-CoV-2 variants. METHODS: BALB/c mice were immunized with rBCG-N-SARS-CoV-2 and recombinant SARS-CoV-2 proteins in Alum adjuvant, followed by a booster with recombinant proteins to assess the safety and virus-specific cellular and humoral immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 antigens. RESULTS: Immunization with rBCG-N-SARS-CoV-2 + recombinant proteins as a vaccine was safe and promoted the activation of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells that recognize SARS-CoV-2 N, S, and RBD antigens. These cells were able to secrete cytokines with an antiviral profile. This immunization strategy also induced robust titers of specific antibodies against N, S, and RBD and neutralizing antibodies of SARS-CoV-2. CONCLUSIONS: Co-administration of the rBCG-N-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine with recombinant SARS-CoV-2 proteins could be an effective alternative to control particular SARS-CoV-2 variants. Due to its safety and capacity to induce virus-specific immune responses, we believe the rBCG-N-SARS-CoV-2 + Proteins vaccine could be an attractive candidate to protect against this virus, especially in newborns.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais , Vacina BCG , Vacinas contra COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , SARS-CoV-2 , Glicoproteína da Espícula de Coronavírus , Animais , Camundongos , SARS-CoV-2/imunologia , SARS-CoV-2/genética , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , Glicoproteína da Espícula de Coronavírus/imunologia , Glicoproteína da Espícula de Coronavírus/genética , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , COVID-19/imunologia , Vacinas contra COVID-19/imunologia , Vacinas contra COVID-19/administração & dosagem , Vacina BCG/imunologia , Vacina BCG/administração & dosagem , Vacina BCG/genética , Feminino , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/sangue , Anticorpos Neutralizantes/imunologia , Imunização Secundária , Vacinas Sintéticas/imunologia , Vacinas Sintéticas/administração & dosagem , Imunidade Humoral , Proteínas Recombinantes/imunologia , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas do Nucleocapsídeo de Coronavírus/imunologia , Proteínas do Nucleocapsídeo de Coronavírus/genética , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Fosfoproteínas/imunologia , Fosfoproteínas/genética , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Imunidade Celular
13.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol ; 108(1): 424, 2024 Jul 22.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39037584

RESUMO

Leptospirosis, a neglected zoonotic disease, is caused by pathogenic spirochetes belonging to the genus Leptospira and has one of the highest morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Vaccination stands out as one of the most effective preventive measures for susceptible populations. Within the outer membrane of Leptospira spp., we find the LIC12287, LIC11711, and LIC13259 lipoproteins. These are of interest due to their surface location and potential immunogenicity. Thorough examination revealed the conservation of these proteins among pathogenic Leptospira spp.; we mapped the distribution of T- and B-cell epitopes along their sequences and assessed the 3D structures of each protein. This information aided in selecting immunodominant regions for the development of a chimeric protein. Through gene synthesis, we successfully constructed a chimeric protein, which was subsequently expressed, purified, and characterized. Hamsters were immunized with the chimeric lipoprotein, formulated with adjuvants aluminum hydroxide, EMULSIGEN®-D, Sigma Adjuvant System®, and Montanide™ ISA206VG. Another group was vaccinated with an inactivated Escherichia coli bacterin expressing the chimeric protein. Following vaccination, hamsters were challenged with a virulent L. interrogans strain. Our evaluation of the humoral immune response revealed the production of IgG antibodies, detectable 28 days after the second dose, in contrast to pre-immune samples and control groups. This demonstrates the potential of the chimeric protein to elicit a robust humoral immune response; however, no protection against challenge was achieved. While this study provides valuable insights into the subject, further research is warranted to identify protective antigens that could be utilized in the development of a leptospirosis vaccine. KEY POINTS: • Several T- and B-cell epitopes were identified in all the three proteins. • Four different adjuvants were used in vaccine formulations. • Immunization stimulated significant levels of IgG2/3 in vaccinated animals.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antibacterianos , Vacinas Bacterianas , Leptospirose , Lipoproteínas , Animais , Leptospirose/prevenção & controle , Leptospirose/imunologia , Lipoproteínas/imunologia , Lipoproteínas/genética , Vacinas Bacterianas/imunologia , Vacinas Bacterianas/genética , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/imunologia , Cricetinae , Epitopos de Linfócito B/imunologia , Epitopos de Linfócito B/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/imunologia , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/genética , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Epitopos de Linfócito T/imunologia , Epitopos de Linfócito T/genética , Leptospira interrogans/imunologia , Leptospira interrogans/genética , Proteínas da Membrana Bacteriana Externa/imunologia , Proteínas da Membrana Bacteriana Externa/genética , Vacinação , Imunidade Humoral , Leptospira/imunologia , Leptospira/genética , Imunogenicidade da Vacina
14.
Microb Pathog ; 194: 106817, 2024 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39033935

RESUMO

This study investigates Cystobasidium benthicum (Cb) probiotic yeast and Cyrtocarpa edulis (Ce) fruit dietary effects, single (0.5 %) or combined (Cb:Ce, 0.25:0.25 %), on growth performance, humoral immunity in serum and skin mucus, and intestinal morphology of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) after 14 and 28 days. The Cb group presented the highest (P < 0.05) specific growth rate, weight gain, and absolute growth rate with respect to the control group. Immunological assays indicated that Cb, Ce and Cb:Ce groups increased serum nitric oxide concentration compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Cb and Cb:Ce groups showed the highest serum myeloperoxidase enzyme activity at day 14 and 28, respectively (P < 0.05); whereas, Cb:Ce group had the highest (P < 0.05) myeloperoxidase activity in skin mucus. The superoxide dismutase enzyme activity was unaffected. On day 28, Cb, Ce, and Cb:Ce groups showed higher and lower (P < 0.05) catalase enzyme activity in serum and skin mucus, respectively, compared with the control group. Only the Cb group had higher (P < 0.05) total protein concentration in serum (day 14) and skin mucus (day 14 and 28) with respect to the control group. The lysozyme activity in serum (day 28) and skin mucus (day 14) was higher (P < 0.05) in the Cb group compared to the control group. Only the skin mucus of Ce group showed bactericidal activity against Aeromonas dhakensis (P < 0.05). Histological studies indicated that Cb and Cb:Ce groups increased microvilli height, and Cb, Ce and Cb:Ce augmented goblet cell area at day 14 compared to the control group (P < 0.05). At day 28, microvilli height was higher in all groups and the number of intraepithelial leukocytes increased in Cb and Ce groups with respect to the control group (P < 0.05). The ex vivo assay revealed that A. dhakensis in leukocytes decreased cell viability similar to the control group (P < 0.05). A principal component analysis (PCA) confirmed the results. In conclusion, C. benthicum in the diet was the best supplement to improve the growth and immunity of Nile tilapia.


Assuntos
Ração Animal , Ciclídeos , Dieta , Frutas , Probióticos , Animais , Probióticos/administração & dosagem , Ciclídeos/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Ciclídeos/imunologia , Dieta/veterinária , Peroxidase/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Intestinos/microbiologia , Intestinos/imunologia , Pele , Imunidade Humoral , Muco/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutase/metabolismo , Catalase/metabolismo
15.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 17308, 2024 07 27.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39068230

RESUMO

The SARS-CoV-2 outbreak has provoked more than 6 million deaths worldwide. The scarcity of effective treatments and its virulence converted the vaccines into an essential tool to face it. The most used vaccines were the mRNA, adenovirus vector, and inactivated whole-virus. However, nowadays, infants aged < 6 months are not eligible for any vaccines against COVID-19, and their immunization relies on passive immunity. In this research, we investigated the humoral and cellular immune response generated on newborns of SARS-CoV-2 vaccinated mothers with mRNA or viral vector (VV) vaccine employing Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in saliva samples. For this purpose, saliva samples of newborns and their mothers were collected; the population was divided into two groups, VV and mRNA, which were subdivided into three subgroups: before pregnancy (BP), at the first (FTP) and second (STP) trimesters of pregnancy. The samples were analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy, and the bands associated with the humoral and cellular immune responses, such as IgG, IgA, and IFN-γ were analyzed. The integrated areas were calculated and compared to elucidate the quantity of those immunoglobins and the cytokine. Likewise, the correlation of the humoral and cellular immune response between the newborns and their mothers and the correlation between cellular and humoral immune response was also evaluated. The VV vaccine produced a significant humoral and cellular immune response in newborns and their mothers when they received it at the STP compared with the mRNA vaccine, evidencing statistical significance. However, no correlation was observed between newborns and their mothers when the vaccine was applied in this trimester of pregnancy. When administered BP, the mRNA vaccine generated more humoral immunity in newborns and their mothers. Nevertheless, compared with the VV vaccine, it only showed statistical significance in the mothers, highlighting that IgG showed a moderate positive correlation between the newborns and their mothers.


Assuntos
Vacinas contra COVID-19 , COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Vacinação , Humanos , Feminino , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier/métodos , Recém-Nascido , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , COVID-19/imunologia , Gravidez , Vacinação/métodos , SARS-CoV-2/imunologia , Vacinas contra COVID-19/imunologia , Adulto , Mães , Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Anticorpos Antivirais/análise , Imunidade Humoral , Saliva/imunologia , Imunidade Celular , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Imunoglobulina G/imunologia , Imunoglobulina A/imunologia , Imunoglobulina A/análise , Interferon gama/metabolismo , Vacinas de mRNA/imunologia
16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38992416

RESUMO

Due to their tissue structure similar to mammalian skin and their close evolutionary relationship with chordates, holothurians (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea) are particularly interesting for studies on wound healing. However, previous studies dealing with holothuroid wound healing have had limited approaches, being restricted to tissue repair or perivisceral immune response. In this study, we combined tissue, cellular and humoral parameters to study the wound healing process of Holothuria grisea. The immune responses of the perivisceral coelom were assessed by analyzing the number, proportion and viability of coelomocytes and the volume and protein concentration of the coelomic fluid. Additionally, the morphology of the healing tissue and number of coelomocytes in the connective tissue of different body wall layers were examined over 30 days. Our results showed that perivisceral reactions started 3 h after injury and decreased to baseline levels within 24 h. In contrast, tissue responses were delayed, beginning after 12 h and returning to baseline levels only after day 10. The number of coelomocytes in the connective tissue suggests a potential cooperation between these cells during wound healing: phagocytes and acidophilic spherulocytes act together in tissue clearance/homeostasis, whereas fibroblast-like and morula cells cooperate in tissue remodeling. Finally, our results indicate that the major phases observed in mammalian wound healing are also observed in H. grisea, despite occurring at a different timing, which might provide insights for future studies. Based on these data, we propose a model that explains the entire healing process in H. grisea.


Assuntos
Holothuria , Cicatrização , Animais , Cicatrização/fisiologia , Holothuria/fisiologia , Imunidade Humoral
17.
Vaccine ; 42(25): 126045, 2024 Nov 14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38852036

RESUMO

Yellow fever (YF) is a disease caused by the homonymous flavivirus that can be prevented by a vaccine containing attenuated viruses. Since some individuals cannot receive this vaccine, the development of alternatives is desirable. Here, we developed a recombinant baculovirus (rBV) surface display platform utilizing a chimeric E-NS1 protein as a vaccine candidate. A pBacPAK9 vector containing the baculoviral GP64 signal peptide, the YFV prM, E, NS1 and the ectodomain of VSV-G sequences was synthesized. This transfer plasmid and the bAcGOZA bacmid were cotransfected into Sf9 cells, and an rBV-E-NS1 was obtained, which was characterized by PCR, WB, IFI and FACS analysis. Mice immunized with rBV-E-NS1 elicited a specific humoral and cellular immune response and were protected after YFV infection. In summary, we have developed an rBV that expresses YFV major antigen proteins on its surface, which opens new alternatives that can be tested in a mouse model.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais , Baculoviridae , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais , Febre Amarela , Vírus da Febre Amarela , Animais , Baculoviridae/genética , Baculoviridae/imunologia , Camundongos , Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Vírus da Febre Amarela/imunologia , Vírus da Febre Amarela/genética , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/imunologia , Proteínas não Estruturais Virais/genética , Febre Amarela/prevenção & controle , Febre Amarela/imunologia , Proteínas do Envelope Viral/imunologia , Proteínas do Envelope Viral/genética , Células Sf9 , Vacinas Virais/imunologia , Vacinas Virais/administração & dosagem , Vacinas Virais/genética , Feminino , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/imunologia , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusão/genética , Imunidade Celular , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Imunidade Humoral , Vetores Genéticos/genética
18.
J Infect Dis ; 230(6): 1319-1328, 2024 Dec 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38723107

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Influenza virus remains a threat to human health, but gaps remain in our knowledge of the humoral correlates of protection against influenza virus A/H3N2, limiting our ability to generate effective, broadly protective vaccines. The role of antibodies against the hemagglutinin (HA) stalk, a highly conserved but immunologically subdominant region, has not been established for influenza virus A/H3N2. METHODS: Household transmission studies were conducted in Managua, Nicaragua, across 3 influenza seasons. Household contacts were tested for influenza virus infection using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. We compared preexisting antibody levels against full-length HA, HA stalk, and neuraminidase (NA) measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, along with hemagglutination inhibition assay titers, between infected and uninfected participants. RESULTS: A total of 899 individuals participated in household activation, with 329 infections occurring. A 4-fold increase in initial HA stalk titers was independently associated with an 18% decrease in the risk of infection (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.82 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .68-.98]; P = .04). In adults, anti-HA stalk antibodies were independently associated with protection (aOR, 0.72 [95% CI, .54-.95]; P = .02). However, in 0- to 14-year-olds, anti-NA antibodies (aOR, 0.67 [95% CI, .53-.85]; P < .01) were associated with protection against infection, but anti-HA stalk antibodies were not. CONCLUSIONS: The HA stalk is an independent correlate of protection against A/H3N2 infection, though this association is age dependent. Our results support the continued exploration of the HA stalk as a target for broadly protective influenza vaccines but suggest that the relative benefits may depend on age and influenza virus exposure history.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais , Testes de Inibição da Hemaglutinação , Glicoproteínas de Hemaglutininação de Vírus da Influenza , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H3N2 , Influenza Humana , Humanos , Influenza Humana/prevenção & controle , Influenza Humana/imunologia , Vírus da Influenza A Subtipo H3N2/imunologia , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , Adulto , Masculino , Adolescente , Feminino , Criança , Adulto Jovem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pré-Escolar , Nicarágua , Glicoproteínas de Hemaglutininação de Vírus da Influenza/imunologia , Lactente , Neuraminidase/imunologia , Idoso , Características da Família , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Imunidade Humoral , Vacinas contra Influenza/imunologia , Vacinas contra Influenza/administração & dosagem
19.
Hum Vaccin Immunother ; 20(1): 2346963, 2024 12 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38745461

RESUMO

COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, and meningococcal disease, caused by Neisseria meningitidis, are relevant infectious diseases, preventable through vaccination. Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), released from Gram-negative bacteria, such as N. meningitidis, present adjuvant characteristics and may confer protection against meningococcal disease. Here, we evaluated in mice the humoral and cellular immune response to different doses of receptor binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 adjuvanted by N. meningitidis C:2a:P1.5 OMVs and aluminum hydroxide, as a combined preparation for these pathogens. The immunization induced IgG antibodies of high avidity for RBD and OMVs, besides IgG that recognized the Omicron BA.2 variant of SARS-CoV-2 with intermediary avidity. Cellular immunity showed IFN-γ and IL-4 secretion in response to RBD and OMV stimuli, demonstrating immunologic memory and a mixed Th1/Th2 response. Offspring presented transferred IgG of similar levels and avidity as their mothers. Humoral immunity did not point to the superiority of any RBD dose, but the group immunized with a lower antigenic dose (0.5 µg) had the better cellular response. Overall, OMVs enhanced RBD immunogenicity and conferred an immune response directed to N. meningitidis too.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais , COVID-19 , Imunoglobulina G , Neisseria meningitidis , SARS-CoV-2 , Animais , Camundongos , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Neisseria meningitidis/imunologia , Feminino , Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Anticorpos Antivirais/imunologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , COVID-19/imunologia , SARS-CoV-2/imunologia , Adjuvantes Imunológicos/administração & dosagem , Vacinas contra COVID-19/imunologia , Vacinas contra COVID-19/administração & dosagem , Imunidade Celular , Imunidade Humoral , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Infecções Meningocócicas/prevenção & controle , Infecções Meningocócicas/imunologia , Glicoproteína da Espícula de Coronavírus/imunologia , Adjuvantes de Vacinas/administração & dosagem , Hidróxido de Alumínio/administração & dosagem , Hidróxido de Alumínio/imunologia , Imunização/métodos , Afinidade de Anticorpos , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/sangue , Anticorpos Antibacterianos/imunologia , Vacinas Meningocócicas/imunologia , Vacinas Meningocócicas/administração & dosagem , Memória Imunológica , Células Th1/imunologia
20.
Front Immunol ; 15: 1331474, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38650939

RESUMO

Malaria remains a global health challenge, necessitating the development of effective vaccines. The RTS,S vaccination prevents Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) malaria but is ineffective against Plasmodium vivax (Pv) disease. Herein, we evaluated the murine immunogenicity of a recombinant PvCSP incorporating prevalent polymorphisms, adjuvanted with Alhydrogel or Poly I:C. Both formulations induced prolonged IgG responses, with IgG1 dominance by the Alhydrogel group and high titers of all IgG isotypes by the Poly I:C counterpart. Poly I:C-adjuvanted vaccination increased splenic plasma cells, terminally-differentiated memory cells (MBCs), and precursors relative to the Alhydrogel-combined immunization. Splenic B-cells from Poly I:C-vaccinated mice revealed an antibody-secreting cell- and MBC-differentiating gene expression profile. Biological processes such as antibody folding and secretion were highlighted by the Poly I:C-adjuvanted vaccination. These findings underscore the potential of Poly I:C to strengthen immune responses against Pv malaria.


Assuntos
Adjuvantes de Vacinas , Hidróxido de Alumínio , Imunogenicidade da Vacina , Vacinas Antimaláricas , Malária Vivax , Plasmodium vivax , Poli I-C , Proteínas de Protozoários , Poli I-C/administração & dosagem , Plasmodium vivax/imunologia , Imunidade Humoral , Imunidade Celular , Proteínas de Protozoários/imunologia , Vacinas Antimaláricas/química , Vacinas Antimaláricas/imunologia , Hidróxido de Alumínio/administração & dosagem , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Masculino , Animais , Plasmócitos/imunologia , Feminino , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Proteínas Recombinantes/imunologia , Vacinação , Adjuvantes de Vacinas/administração & dosagem , Malária Vivax/prevenção & controle
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