Goiters in the Renaissance era: Multiple cases of thyroid autoimmunity and iodine deficiency.

The Renaissance is recognised as an inflection point in history that led to the dissemination of innovation, science, philosophy, and the arts to spearhead a leap for global civilisation. Many of the greatest outputs from the Renaissance were presented in artwork which was able to champion elements of naturalism and realism, and therefore moved away from preconceived ideas. This included the portrayal of anatomy and pathology with an exactitude previously unseen in art. I note novel identification of goiters in multiple paintings of the foremost Renaissance genius artists and their originating artistic schools, those of Verrocchio, Lippi and Ferrara. These can be categorised through the proposed (i) 'da Vinci Sign' after Leonardo da Vinci, where the goitre is artistically presented as a loss or shallowing of the suprasternal notch recess or (ii) the 'Botticelli Sign' after Sandro Botticelli, where there is demonstrable cranio-cervical neck flexion that forward projects the visceral compartment of the neck that includes the thyroid to accentuate a recognisable thyroid enlargement. These are notable in the works of genius artists that include Verrocchio, Lorenzo di Credi, Filippo Lippi, Cosimo Tura and Francesco Cossa. Together, the work of these artistic geniuses add to the corpus of notable endocrine pathology in the Renaissance deriving from endemic iodine deficiency and autoimmunity. They demonstrate this profound extent of pathology within their artistic masterpieces and extend our admiration of the wider experience of Renaissance artists into the current era and beyond.

“A beautiful mind” – Promoção da literacia em saúde mental / “A beautiful mind” - Promotion of mental health literacy

Introdução: Associado à iliteracia do que fazer para prevenir, retardar e quando procurar ajuda, perante a esquizofrenia, requer-se ao enfermeiro especialista em saúde mental um agir ético, alicerçado no conhecimento empírico, técnico-científico, envolvendo os deveres profissionais: dignidade, individualidade e autonomia. Objetivo: Promover a literacia em saúde mental, através da análise do adoecer de uma pessoa com esquizofrenia e das questões éticas associadas ao cuidar em enfermagem de saúde mental. Metodologia: Estudo de caso – filme “Uma Mente Brilhante”, de natureza qualitativa, exploratória-descritiva. Resultados e Discussão: A esquizofrenia transforma a forma de pensar, de sentir e de relação com as pessoas, conduzindo à estigmatização associada a mitos conectivos entre a doença mental e a violência, contribuindo para a dificuldade/exclusão no emprego, apoio social e procura de ajuda. Conclusão: Salienta-se a promoção da literacia do agir perante uma pessoa com esquizofrenia, e do cuidado ético em enfermagem inerente. (AU)

Introduction: Associated with the illiteracy of what to do to prevent, delay, and when to seek help, in the face of schizophrenia, the nurse specialist in mental health is required to act ethically, based on empirical, technical-scientific knowledge, involving professional duties: dignity, individuality and autonomy. Objective: To promote mental health literacy by analysing the illness of a person with schizophrenia and the ethical issues associated with mental health nursing care. Methodology: Case study – film “A Brilliant Mind”, of a qualitative, exploratory-descriptive nature. Results and Discussion: Schizophrenia transforms the way of thinking, feeling, and relating to people, leading to stigmatisation associated with connecting myths between mental illness and violence, contributing to difficulty/exclusion in employment, social support and seeking help. Conclusion: The promotion of literacy on how to act towards a person with schizophrenia, and the inherent ethical care in nursing, are highlighted. (AU)

El pabellón de oficiales (2001) Heridas faciales en la primera guerra mundial / The Officers ́ Ward (2021): Facial Wounds during First World War

Adrien Fournier; un joven teniente francés de ingenieros es herido por uno de los primeros obuses de la Primera Guerra Mundial. Aunque sobrevive, presenta unas importantes lesiones en cara y cavidad oral por lo que es trasladado a un hospital de Paris. En el pabellón de oficiales del hospital, hay otros soldados con importantes heridas faciales. En la película se refleja el miedo al rechazo social, los intentos de suicidio, la labor de las enfermeras y del cirujano, así como la camaradería y el apoyo entre pacientes. (AU)

Adrien Fournier; A young French lieutenant of engineers, is wounded by one of the first bombs of the First World War. Although he survives, he has important injuries to his face and oral cavity for which he is transferred to a hospital in Paris. In the officers' ward of the hospital, there are other soldiers with significant facial injuries. The film reflects the fear of social rejection, suicide attempts, the work of the nurses and the surgeon, as well as the camaraderie and support among patients. (AU)

El cine debate y la formación humana en las carreras de la salud. Experiencia cubana / Debate Cinema and Human Training in Health Careers. Cuban Experience

En la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de la Habana, se realizan cines debate desde el año 2013, como parte del programa educativo para la formación humana en las carreras de la salud. El artículo da cuenta del universo cultural que representa el cine para la formación en Salud, de los principales ejes metodológicos formulados desde la presente experiencia- así como- del balance favorable obtenido. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa con la revisión de fuentes bibliográficas disponibles en bases de datos de internet. Las autoras evidencian sus propias consideraciones y las conclusiones sobre las significativas ventajas del uso del cine para la formación humana en Salud. (AU)

At the University of Medical Sciences of Havana, debate cinemas have been held since 2013, as part of the educational program for human training in health careers. The article gives an account of the cultural universe that the cinema represents for Health training, of the main methodological axes formulated from the present experience - as well as - of the favorable balance obtained. A qualitative methodology was used with the review of bibliographic sources available in internet databases. The authors evidence their own considerations and conclusions about the significant advantages of using cinema for human training in Health. (AU)

A propósito de Yo, Daniel Blake (2016) Diagnóstico clínico social y burocratización del sistema de salud / Regarding I, Daniel Blake (2016): Clinical Social Diagnosis and Bureaucratization of the Health System

Este artículo presenta un análisis sobre la película Yo, Daniel Blake / I, Daniel Blake (2016) de Ken Loach, filme que nos pone en la posición de una persona con una enfermedad crónica degenerativa, mostrándonos el punto de vista de un paciente y su vivencia fuera de los muros del hospital, dentro de un sistema de salud europeo burocratizado y estandarizado que no cubre las necesidades individuales de los enfermos. Se consideran distintos aspectos de interés en este análisis, útiles para la formación universitaria en medicina humana, como lo son; la amenaza que puede significar que el sistema de salud se enfoque en la eficiencia y eficacia de la gestión por encima del bienestar del paciente y la comprensión de relevancia del contexto individual, familiar y comunitario del mismo, evidenciando que el ejercicio y desarrollo de la medicina integral es indispensable para una apropiada atención a los pacientes. (AU)

This article presents an analysis of the film I, Daniel Blake (2016) by de Ken Loach, a film that puts us in the position of a person with a chronic degenerative disease, showing us the point of view of a patient and his experience outside the walls of the hospital, within a bureaucratized and standardized European health system that does not cover the individual needs of patients. Different aspects of interest are considered in this analysis, useful for university training in human medicine, as they are; the threat that the health system may mean focusing on the efficiency and effectiveness of management over the well-being of the patient and the understanding of the relevance of the individual, family and community context, evidencing that the exercise and development of integral medicine is essential for proper patient care. (AU)