RESUMO
The characteristics of spontaneous movements in infants are essential for the early detection of neurological pathologies, with the Prechtl method being a widely recognized approach. While the Prechtl method is effective in predicting motor risks, its reliance on the evaluator's expertise limits its scalability, particularly in low-income areas. In such contexts, the use of inertial sensors combined with automated analysis presents a promising accessible alternative; however, more research is necessary to get results comparable to those of the Precht method. This research aims to determine the more important metrics of trunk and limbs to assess spontaneous movement in healthy infants during the first semester of life as the basis of a sensor-based alternative. It was a cross-sectional study with 116 separate subjects divided into 3 groups: 0 M Group (N = 43), 3 M Group (N = 44), and 6 M (N = 29). Participants' movements were recorded using 6 wireless inertial sensors (4 limbs, thorax, and pelvis). Parameters from the acceleration signal were estimated in relation to velocity, cross-correlation, kurtosis, skewness, area, and periodicity. The different stages (0 M,3 M, and 6 M) have different profiles of accelerometric parameters. Trunk and limb parameters can differentiate between 0 of 3 months (13/25 trunk and 17/36 limb parameters) and between 0 and 6 months (10/25 trunk and 20/36 limb). Mainly, trunk parameters can differentiate between 3 and 6 months (9/25 trunk vs. 3/36 limb). Additionally, only 2 trunk parameters (kurtosis and periodicity) can differentiate the 3 stages. Wearable devices can effectively detect significant differences in spontaneous movements during the first six months of life, particularly trunk-related data. The extremities could be insufficient to distinguish movements between 3 and 6 months. On the other hand, two key parameters-kurtosis of thorax velocity and periodicity of trunk velocity-successfully differentiate between the three age groups analyzed.
Assuntos
Movimento , Tronco , Dispositivos Eletrônicos Vestíveis , Humanos , Lactente , Movimento/fisiologia , Masculino , Tronco/fisiologia , Feminino , Estudos Transversais , Acelerometria/instrumentação , Acelerometria/métodos , Recém-NascidoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The population is aging rapidly worldwide, impacting public health, with countries in the Global South, such as Brazil, aging faster than developed nations. The 24-hour movement behavior is crucial for healthy aging, but its relationship with the neighborhood built environment is underresearched, especially for older adults. The EpiMove Study uses accelerometers and GPS to investigate the relationships between 24-hour movement behavior, community mobility and the neighborhood built environment for healthy aging in older Brazilian adults. METHODS: The EpiMove Study is a representative cross-sectional study of older adults aged 60 years and older from an urban area in the southern region of Brazil. It consists of two phases. Phase 1 involves conducting home interviews to gather subjective measures of the neighborhood built environment and physical activity. Phase 2 involves delivering devices to participants' homes and collecting objective data on 24-hour movement behavior via wrist-worn wGT3X-BT ActiGraph accelerometers and community-based active transportation via hip-mounted GPS Qstarz-1000XT devices. The data are collected simultaneously over seven consecutive days, along with the participants' reasons for adhering to the study protocol. DISCUSSION: The EpiMove study will provide a better understanding of the relationships between the perceived neighborhood environment and 24-hour movement behaviors and community-based active transportation among older adults, with a particular focus on whether environmental factors influence these behaviors, which are crucial for healthy aging. The results from the EpiMove study could offer essential evidence for developing public policies and urban interventions that support healthier and more equitable environments for aging populations, particularly in rapidly urbanizing regions.
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Ambiente Construído , Envelhecimento Saudável , Características de Residência , Humanos , Brasil , Idoso , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Transversais , Masculino , Feminino , Envelhecimento Saudável/fisiologia , Envelhecimento Saudável/psicologia , Exercício Físico , Sistemas de Informação Geográfica , Acelerometria , Movimento/fisiologia , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Meios de TransporteRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Recently, magnetic and inertial measurement units (MIMU) based systems have been applied in the spine mobility assessment; this evaluation is essential in the clinical practice for diagnosis and treatment evaluation. The available systems are limited in the number of sensors, and neither develops a methodology for the correct placement of the sensors, seeking the relevant mobility information of the spine. METHODS: This work presents a methodology for analyzing a system consisting of sixteen MIMUs to reduce the amount of information and obtain an optimal configuration that allows distinguishing between different body postures in a movement. Four machine learning algorithms were trained and assessed using data from the range of motion in three movements (Mov.1-Anterior hip flexion; Mov.2-Lateral trunk flexion; Mov.3-Axial trunk rotation) obtained from 12 patients with Ankylosing Spondylitis. RESULTS: The methodology identified the optimal minimal configuration for different movements. The configuration showed good accuracy in discriminating between different body postures. Specifically, it had an accuracy of 0.963 ± 0.021 for detecting when the subject is upright or bending in Mov.1, 0.944 ± 0.038 for identifying when the subject is flexed to the left or right in Mov.2, and 0.852 ± 0.097 for recognizing when the subject is rotated to the right or left in Mov.3. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that the methodology developed results in a feasible configuration for practical clinical studies and paves the way for designing specific IMU-based assessment instruments. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Study approved by the Local Ethics Committee of the General Hospital of Mexico "Dr. Eduardo Liceaga" (protocol code DI/03/17/471).
Assuntos
Aprendizado de Máquina , Amplitude de Movimento Articular , Coluna Vertebral , Dispositivos Eletrônicos Vestíveis , Humanos , Adulto , Masculino , Amplitude de Movimento Articular/fisiologia , Feminino , Coluna Vertebral/fisiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Espondilite Anquilosante/diagnóstico , Postura/fisiologia , Movimento/fisiologiaRESUMO
This study introduces an innovative integration of Laban Movement Analysis (LMA) with biomechanical principles to examine the golf swing dynamics from an ecological perspective. Traditionally, LMA focuses on the qualitative aspects of movement, often isolated from external influences. This research bridges that gap by investigating how golfers manage and adapt to the inertial forces of the club throughout the swing. Using motion tracking sensors and screw theory, we analyzed the spatial movement pattern in the Kinesphere (mapped as an icosahedron) and related it to force dynamics in the Effort Cube through the inertia tensor. The results showed significant differences between skilled and novice golfers in terms of how efficiently they align their movements with the club's inertia. Skilled golfers demonstrated smoother Instantaneous Screw Axes (ISAs) and better synchronization with inertia forces, while novice golfers exhibited more abrupt deviations. These findings suggest that integrating qualitative movement descriptors with biomechanical models provides deeper insights into swing efficiency, performance improvement, and injury prevention. This combined framework offers a novel method to enhance both qualitative and quantitative analysis of golf swings.
Assuntos
Golfe , Movimento , Golfe/fisiologia , Humanos , Fenômenos Biomecânicos/fisiologia , Movimento/fisiologia , Masculino , Adulto , Desempenho Atlético/fisiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: One of the most frequent complaints among people with musculoskeletal pain is pain during physical activity, commonly referred to as movement-evoked pain. It is suggested to be associated with quantitative sensory testing measures of central pain process in individuals with musculoskeletal pain. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the predictive association between movement-evoked pain scores and measures of central sensitization in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain. The secondary aim was to determine whether changes in movement-evoked pain scores are associated with changes in measures of central sensitization. METHODS: In this longitudinal prospective study, 50 participants with chronic low back pain were included. Pain pressure thresholds, temporal summation of pain, descending pain modulation, and the central sensitization index were assessed as measures of central sensitization. Movement-evoked pain was evaluated using the Back Performance Scale and a 5-minute walk test. RESULTS: Measures of central sensitization, specifically pressure pain thresholds and temporal summation, demonstrated predictive associations with movement-evoked pain measures. In response to treatment, improvements in movement-evoked pain were associated with improvements in measures of central sensitization (i.e., pressure pain thresholds and temporal summation) and improved pressure pain thresholds in the plantar toe significantly predict movement-evoked pain measures experienced during the 5-minute walk test. CONCLUSIONS: These results imply that movement-evoked pain is related to processes related to central modulation of pain in patients with nonspecific chronic low back pain.
Assuntos
Sensibilização do Sistema Nervoso Central , Dor Lombar , Humanos , Dor Lombar/fisiopatologia , Estudos Prospectivos , Estudos Longitudinais , Sensibilização do Sistema Nervoso Central/fisiologia , Movimento , Dor Crônica/fisiopatologia , Limiar da Dor , Medição da DorRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Given that people with patellofemoral pain (PFP) exhibit deficits in postural control, certain postural reactions may be associated with movement alterations in this population. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to investigate whether manipulation of the support base for balance maintenance could lead to different patterns of lower limb kinematics in people with PFP during single-legged squats. METHODS: Fourteen participants with PFP and 14 asymptomatic controls were first assessed performing single-legged squats freely, and then while holding a stick to provide stabilization during the task. Center of pressure (CoP) behavior and movements of the hip, knee, ankle in the sagittal, frontal, and transverse planes were evaluated. RESULTS: For the participants with PFP, the use of support led to a reduction in the magnitude of CoP oscillation compared to free squatting, with effect sizes ranging from small to large, but no significant differences were found for the kinematic variables. No significant differences were observed for CoP or kinematic variables in the comparisons between squat conditions in asymptomatic controls. CONCLUSION: In summary, performing single-legged squats in a more stabilized condition did not influence lower limb movements in people with PFP.
Assuntos
Extremidade Inferior , Síndrome da Dor Patelofemoral , Equilíbrio Postural , Humanos , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Feminino , Masculino , Síndrome da Dor Patelofemoral/fisiopatologia , Síndrome da Dor Patelofemoral/reabilitação , Equilíbrio Postural/fisiologia , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Extremidade Inferior/fisiopatologia , Movimento/fisiologiaRESUMO
Neural preconfigured activity patterns (nPAPs), conceptualized as organized activity parcellated into groups of neurons, have been proposed as building blocks for cognitive and sensory processing. However, their existence and function in motor networks have been scarcely studied. Here, we explore the possibility that nPAPs are present in the motor thalamus (VL/VM) and their potential contribution to motor-related activity. To this end, we developed a preparation where VL/VM multiunitary activity could be robustly recorded in mouse behavior evoked by primary motor cortex (M1) optogenetic stimulation and forelimb movements. VL/VM-evoked activity was organized as rigid stereotypical activity patterns at the single and population levels. These activity patterns were unable to dynamically adapt to different temporal architectures of M1 stimulation. Moreover, they were experience-independent, present in virtually all animals, and pairs of neurons with high correlations during M1-stimulation also presented higher correlations during spontaneous activity, confirming their preconfigured nature. Finally, subpopulations expressing specific M1-evoked patterns also displayed specific movement-related patterns. Our data demonstrate that the behaviorally related identity of specific neural subpopulations is tightly linked to nPAPs.
Assuntos
Córtex Motor , Movimento , Neurônios , Optogenética , Tálamo , Animais , Córtex Motor/fisiologia , Tálamo/fisiologia , Movimento/fisiologia , Camundongos , Neurônios/fisiologia , Masculino , Membro Anterior/fisiologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Vias Neurais/fisiologia , FemininoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Mobilization with movement (MWM) is commonly used to treat patients with rotator cuff-related shoulder pain (RCRSP). However, the evidence supporting MWM efficacy for improving range of motion (ROM) and pain in patients with RCRSP is limited. OBJECTIVES: To assess the immediate effects of MWM on the angular onset of pain in patients with RCRSP. METHODS: Sixty-three participants with RCRSP were randomized to receive 3 sets of 10 repetitions of MWM or sham MWM with a minute rest between each set. The angular onset of pain (primary outcome), and pain intensity at rest and during shoulder abduction to the onset of pain were measured at baseline, and after receiving the 1st and 3rd sets of 10 repetitions of interventions. Other secondary outcomes were measured at baseline and after receiving 3 sets of 10 repetitions of interventions or 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 days after interventions. RESULTS: Compared with the sham MWM group, the MWM group had an additional improvement of 6.5° (95% CI -0.9, 13.9) and 13.7° (95% CI 6.3, 21.1) (from baseline) after receiving the 1st and 3rd sets of 10 repetitions of interventions, respectively. CONCLUSION: MWM improves the angular onset of pain after 3 sets of 10 repetitions of MWM in patients with RCRSP. This study provides preliminary support for the use of MWM in treating patients with RCRSP and provides some guidance for clinicians to decide the MWM dosage to be used in clinical practice.
Assuntos
Amplitude de Movimento Articular , Manguito Rotador , Dor de Ombro , Humanos , Dor de Ombro/fisiopatologia , Dor de Ombro/terapia , Manguito Rotador/fisiopatologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modalidades de Fisioterapia , Masculino , Feminino , MovimentoRESUMO
Postural balance is crucial for daily activities, relying on the coordination of sensory systems. Balance impairment, common in the elderly, is a leading cause of mortality in this population. To analyze balance, methods like postural adjustment analysis using electromyography (EMG) have been developed. With age, women tend to experience reduced mobility and greater muscle loss compared to men. However, few studies have focused on postural adjustments in women of different ages using EMG of the lower limbs during laterolateral and anteroposterior movements. This gap could reveal a decrease in muscle activation time with aging, as activation time is vital for postural adjustments. This study aimed to analyze muscle activation times in women of different ages during postural adjustments. Thirty women were divided into two groups: young and older women. A controlled biaxial force platform was used for static and dynamic balance tests while recording lower limb muscle activity using EMG. Data analysis focused on identifying muscle activation points and analyzing postural adjustment times. Results showed significant differences in muscle activation times between the two groups across various muscles and platform tilt conditions. Younger women had longer muscle activation times than older women, particularly during laterolateral platform inclinations. In anteroposterior movements, older women exhibited longer activation times compared to their laterolateral performance, with fewer differences between the groups. Overall, older women had shorter muscle activation times than younger women, suggesting a potential indicator of imbalance and increased fall risk.
Assuntos
Eletromiografia , Músculo Esquelético , Equilíbrio Postural , Humanos , Feminino , Eletromiografia/métodos , Equilíbrio Postural/fisiologia , Adulto , Idoso , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Adulto Jovem , Postura , Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Movimento , Fatores Etários , Extremidade Inferior/fisiologiaRESUMO
This study investigated the kinematic (KmS) and kinetic (KnS) strategies integrating the trunk and lower limbs to achieve maximal kicking performance. Although strategies consisting of individual joint movements or moments are known, strategies combining joint movements or moments of the trunk and lower limbs have been less studied. Fifty adult amateur soccer players were assessed. Peak joint angles and moments of the trunk, the hip of the supporting limb, the hip and knee of the kicking limb, and the velocities of the foot and ball were recorded. Canonical Correlation Analysis evaluated relationships between sets of variables. A combination of greater hip extension and knee flexion of the kicking limb, as a KmS, correlated with better kick performance (Rc = 0.60, p = 0.004). Furthermore, a combination of larger moments of trunk flexion and rotation, internal rotation of the supporting hip, hip flexion, and knee extension of the kicking limb, as a KnS, were associated with better performance (Rc = 0.74, p < 0.001). The explained variance was 43% for the KmS and 59% for the KnS. In amateur players, the KmS for better kick performance involved greater hip and knee movement of the kicking limb, while the KnS involved greater moments at the trunk and both lower limbs.
Assuntos
Extremidade Inferior , Futebol , Tronco , Humanos , Futebol/fisiologia , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Tronco/fisiologia , Extremidade Inferior/fisiologia , Adulto Jovem , Adulto , Masculino , Desempenho Atlético/fisiologia , Movimento/fisiologia , Cinética , Quadril/fisiologia , Estudos de Tempo e Movimento , Articulação do Quadril/fisiologia , Rotação , Joelho/fisiologia , Destreza Motora/fisiologiaRESUMO
Upon visually detecting a moving predator, animals often freeze, i.e. stop moving, to minimize being uncovered and to gather detailed information of the object's movements and properties. In certain conditions, the freezing behavior can be enough to avoid a predatory menace but, when the risk is high or increases to a higher level, animals switch strategy and engage in an escape response. The neural bases underlying escape responses to visual stimuli have been extensively investigated both in vertebrates and arthropods. However, those involved in freezing behaviors are much less studied. Here, we investigated the freezing behavior displayed by the crab Neohelice granulata when confronted with a variety of looming stimuli simulating objects of distinct sizes approaching on a collision course at different speeds. The experiments were performed in a treadmill-like device. Animals engaged in exploratory walks responded to the looming stimulus with freezing followed by escaping. The analysis of the stimulus optical variables shows that regardless of the looming dynamic, the freezing decision is made when the angular size of the object increases by 1.4 deg. In vivo intracellular recording responses of monostratified lobula giant neurons (MLG1) to the same looming stimuli show that the freezing times correlate with the times predicted by a hypothetical spike counter of this neuron.
Assuntos
Braquiúros , Animais , Braquiúros/fisiologia , Neurônios/fisiologia , Reação de Fuga/fisiologia , Estimulação Luminosa , Masculino , MovimentoRESUMO
Brain Complexity (BC) have successfully been applied to study the brain electroencephalographic signal (EEG) in health and disease. In this study, we employed recurrence entropy to quantify BC associated with the neurophysiology of movement by comparing BC in both resting state and cycling movement. We measured EEG in 24 healthy adults and placed the electrodes on occipital, parietal, temporal and frontal sites on both the right and left sides of the brain. We computed the recurrence entropy from EEG measurements during cycling and resting states. Entropy is higher in the resting state than in the cycling state for all brain regions analysed. This reduction in complexity is a result of the repetitive movements that occur during cycling. These movements lead to continuous sensorial feedback, resulting in reduced entropy and sensorimotor processing.
Assuntos
Eletroencefalografia , Entropia , Humanos , Adulto , Masculino , Feminino , Córtex Cerebral/fisiologia , Neurônios/fisiologia , Adulto Jovem , Ciclismo/fisiologia , Movimento/fisiologia , Descanso/fisiologiaRESUMO
During vertical jump evaluations in which jump height is estimated from flight time (FT), the jumper must maintain the same body posture between vertical takeoff and landing. As maintaining identical posture is rare during takeoff and landing between different jump attempts and in different individuals, we simulated the effect of changes in ankle position from takeoff to landing in vertical jumping to determine the range of errors that might occur in real-life scenarios. Our simulations account for changes in center of mass position during takeoff and landing, changes in ankle position, different subject statures (1.44-1.98 m), and poor to above-average jump heights. Our results show that using FT to estimate jump height without controlling for ankle position (allowing dorsiflexion) during the landing phase of the vertical jump can overestimate jump height by 18% in individuals of average stature and performing an average 30 cm jump or may overestimate by ≤60% for tall individuals performing a poor 10 cm jump, which is common for individuals jumping with added load. Nevertheless, as assessing jump heights based on FT is common practice, we offer a correction equation that can be used to reduce error, improving jump height measurement validity using the FT method allowing between-subject fair comparisons.
Assuntos
Postura , Humanos , Fenômenos Biomecânicos/fisiologia , Postura/fisiologia , Masculino , Tornozelo/fisiologia , Adulto , Articulação do Tornozelo/fisiologia , Feminino , Simulação por Computador , Adulto Jovem , Movimento/fisiologiaRESUMO
Long COVID has been linked to a decline in physical activity and functional capacity. However, it remains unclear which physical symptoms are associated with specific aspects of movement behaviors and functional capacity. We aimed to investigate the associations of fatigue, dyspnea, post-exertional malaise, myalgia, and the co-occurrence of symptoms with movement behaviors and functional capacity in individuals with Long COVID. A cross-sectional multicenter study was conducted. Questionnaires were used to assess fatigue, dyspnea, post-exertional malaise, and myalgia. Accelerometry was employed to assess sedentary time, steps per day, light physical activity, and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. The six-minute walk test, 30-s chair stand test, and timed up and go were used to assess functional capacity. One hundred and two community-dwelling individuals who had been living with Long COVID for 15 ± 10 months participated in the study. Fatigue, post-exertional malaise, and the co-occurrence of physical symptoms showed a negative association with step count, while post-exertional malaise was also negatively associated with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity. Dyspnea showed a negative association with the functional score, including all tests. Our findings suggest that fatigue, post-exertional malaise, and the co-occurrence of physical symptoms are negatively associated with physical activity, while dyspnea is negatively associated with functional capacity in individuals with Long COVID.
Assuntos
Acelerometria , COVID-19 , Dispneia , Exercício Físico , Fadiga , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , COVID-19/fisiopatologia , COVID-19/complicações , Estudos Transversais , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fadiga/fisiopatologia , Idoso , Dispneia/fisiopatologia , Síndrome de COVID-19 Pós-Aguda , SARS-CoV-2/isolamento & purificação , Movimento , Inquéritos e Questionários , Mialgia/fisiopatologia , AdultoRESUMO
Background and Objectives: Postoperative shoulder pain is a common issue after total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH). This study evaluated the impact of a shoulder movement routine on postoperative shoulder pain in women undergoing uncomplicated TLH. Materials and Methods: An open-label randomized clinical trial included women without prior shoulder pain undergoing TLH between 20 January and 20 March 2024. Participants were randomized into two groups: Group 1 (n = 36) received a shoulder movement routine, while Group 2 (control, n = 39) performed a hand movement routine. Shoulder pain was assessed using the visual analog scale (VAS) at 6 h, 24 h, and 7 days postoperatively. Results: Seventy-five women participated. No significant differences were found between the groups regarding demographic variables, surgery duration, or hospital stay. Shoulder pain scores (VAS) at three time points (6 h, 24 h, and 7 days) showed no significant differences between groups (p = 0.57, p = 0.69, and p = 0.91, respectively). Similarly, there were no significant differences in incisional or abdominal pain. Conclusions: The shoulder movement routine did not significantly reduce postoperative shoulder pain in women undergoing uncomplicated TLH.
Assuntos
Histerectomia , Laparoscopia , Medição da Dor , Dor Pós-Operatória , Dor de Ombro , Humanos , Feminino , Dor de Ombro/prevenção & controle , Dor de Ombro/etiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Laparoscopia/métodos , Laparoscopia/efeitos adversos , Dor Pós-Operatória/prevenção & controle , Dor Pós-Operatória/etiologia , Histerectomia/efeitos adversos , Histerectomia/métodos , Adulto , Medição da Dor/métodos , Movimento/fisiologia , Ombro/cirurgia , Ombro/fisiopatologia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
Loading both lateral and medial compartments is crucial to understanding the effect of muscle fatigue during sidestep cutting. The present study investigated the changes in tibiofemoral contact forces in the medial and lateral compartments and the muscle force contributions during the sidestep-cutting manoeuvre after a handball-specific fatigue protocol. Twenty female handball athletes performed three trials of the sidestep-cutting manoeuvre before (baseline) and after the fatigue protocol. Motion capture and ground reaction forces were measured, and the data were processed in OpenSim. The variables were compared using statistical parametric mapping (SPM), with a significance level of p < 0.05. The results showed a decreased knee flexion angle during fatigue in the early stance phase. In addition, the post-fatigue analysis demonstrated significantly reduced forces in vasti muscles. Similarly, during fatigue, the SPM analysis showed decreased tibiofemoral contact forces in the vertical and anterior directions. Vertical force applied to both medial and lateral condyles demonstrated a significant reduction after the fatigue protocol. These results indicated that forces applied to the tibiofemoral joint were reduced following the fatigue protocol compared to the baseline values. However, no consistent evidence exists that fatigue increases the risk of knee injuries.
Assuntos
Articulação do Joelho , Fadiga Muscular , Humanos , Feminino , Fenômenos Biomecânicos , Fadiga Muscular/fisiologia , Adulto Jovem , Articulação do Joelho/fisiologia , Esportes/fisiologia , Músculo Esquelético/fisiologia , Estudos de Tempo e Movimento , Joelho/fisiologia , Movimento/fisiologiaRESUMO
Exercise intensity is prone to be self-regulated in horses exercising freely. The main drivers include social, feeding and escape behaviors, as well as the operant conditioning. We hypothesized that self-regulated exercise intensity may increase due to the presence of another horse exercising ahead. Seven horses were assigned to a 2x2 crossover trial following treadmill familiarization. Video images of a trotting horse were displayed on the wall in front of the experimental unit (Visual), which was positioned in the treadmill. Physiological and behavioral markers were further compared with a control visual stimulus (Co), comprising a racetrack image without horses. Horses were sampled during a constant load exercise test (1) at rest (baseline), (2) after the warm-up (0 - 10th minute) and (3) after visual stimulation or control (10th- 12th minutes of the SET) to quantify plasma lactate and glucose concentration, heart rate, head angle, as well as behavioral markers. Following visual stimulation, heart rate (130.8 ± 27.8 b.p.m.) was higher than control (84.7 ± 15.1 b.p.m., P = .017), as was plasma lactate (Visual - 5.28 ± 1.48 mg/dl; Co -3.27 ± 1.24 mg/dl, P = .042) and head angle (Visual - 36.43 ± 3.69°; Co -25.14 ± 4.88°, P = .003). The prevalence of "ears forward" behavior was also higher following Visual (100% - 7/7) than Co (14% - 1/7, P = .004). These results suggest that visual stimulus (1) was safe and well tolerated and (2) prompted the anaerobic lactic pathways and shifted the behavior to a vigilant state. In conclusion, horses were able to perceive and adapt to a social environment. Our findings validate the use of social facilitation of trotting to encourage horses to move forward avoiding the use of the whip.
Assuntos
Frequência Cardíaca , Condicionamento Físico Animal , Animais , Cavalos/fisiologia , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Condicionamento Físico Animal/fisiologia , Masculino , Comportamento Animal/fisiologia , Feminino , Ácido Láctico/sangue , Adaptação Fisiológica/fisiologia , Glicemia , Estudos Cross-Over , Movimento/fisiologia , Teste de EsforçoRESUMO
Independent vector analysis (IVA) can be viewed as an extension of independent component analysis (ICA) to multiple datasets. It exploits the statistical dependency between different datasets through mutual information. In the context of motor imagery classification based on electroencephalogram (EEG) signals for the brain-computer interface (BCI), several methods have been proposed to extract features efficiently, mainly based on common spatial patterns, filter banks, and deep learning. However, most methods use only one dataset at a time, which may not be sufficient for dealing with a multi-source retrieving problem in certain scenarios. From this perspective, this paper proposes an original approach for feature extraction through multiple datasets based on IVA to improve the classification of EEG-based motor imagery movements. The IVA components were used as features to classify imagined movements using consolidated classifiers (support vector machines and K-nearest neighbors) and deep classifiers (EEGNet and EEGInception). The results show an interesting performance concerning the clustering of MI-based BCI patients, and the proposed method reached an average accuracy of 86.7%.
Assuntos
Interfaces Cérebro-Computador , Eletroencefalografia , Movimento , Máquina de Vetores de Suporte , Humanos , Eletroencefalografia/métodos , Movimento/fisiologia , Imaginação/fisiologia , Processamento de Sinais Assistido por Computador , AlgoritmosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Sensitive measures to predict neuromotor outcomes from data collected early in infancy are lacking. Measures derived from the recordings of infant movement using wearable sensors may be a useful new technique. METHODS: We collected full-day leg movement of 41 infants in rural Guatemala across 3 visits between birth and 6 months of age using wearable sensors. Average leg movement rate and fuzzy entropy, a measure to describe the complexity of signals, of the leg movements' peak acceleration time series and the time series itself were derived. We tested the three measures for the predictability of infants' developmental outcome, Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development III motor, language, or cognitive composite score assessed at 12 months of age. We performed quantile regressions with clustered standard errors, accounting for the multiple visits for each infant. RESULTS: Fuzzy entropy was associated with the motor composite score at the 0.5 quantiles; this association was not found for the other two measures. Also, no leg movement characteristic was associated with language or cognitive composite scores. CONCLUSION: We propose that the entropy of leg movement associated peak accelerations calculated from the wearable sensor data collected for a full-day can be considered as one predictor for infants' motor developmental outcome assessed with Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development III at 12 months of age.
Assuntos
Desenvolvimento Infantil , População Rural , Dispositivos Eletrônicos Vestíveis , Humanos , Guatemala , Lactente , Feminino , Masculino , Desenvolvimento Infantil/fisiologia , Perna (Membro)/fisiologia , Recém-Nascido , Movimento/fisiologia , Acelerometria/instrumentação , Desenvolvimento da LinguagemRESUMO
Objective.Kinesthetic Motor Imagery (KMI) represents a robust brain paradigm intended for electroencephalography (EEG)-based commands in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). However, ensuring high accuracy in multi-command execution remains challenging, with data from C3 and C4 electrodes reaching up to 92% accuracy. This paper aims to characterize and classify EEG-based KMI of multilevel muscle contraction without relying on primary motor cortex signals.Approach.A new method based on Hurst exponents is introduced to characterize EEG signals of multilevel KMI of muscle contraction from electrodes placed on the premotor, dorsolateral prefrontal, and inferior parietal cortices. EEG signals were recorded during a hand-grip task at four levels of muscle contraction (0%, 10%, 40%, and 70% of the maximal isometric voluntary contraction). The task was executed under two conditions: first, physically, to train subjects in achieving muscle contraction at each level, followed by mental imagery under the KMI paradigm for each contraction level. EMG signals were recorded in both conditions to correlate muscle contraction execution, whether correct or null accurately. Independent component analysis (ICA) maps EEG signals from the sensor to the source space for preprocessing. For characterization, three algorithms based on Hurst exponents were used: the original (HO), using partitions (HRS), and applying semivariogram (HV). Finally, seven classifiers were used: Bayes network (BN), naive Bayes (NB), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), random tree (RT), multilayer perceptron (MP), and k-nearest neighbors (kNN).Main results.A combination of the three Hurst characterization algorithms produced the highest average accuracy of 96.42% from kNN, followed by MP (92.85%), SVM (92.85%), NB (91.07%), RF (91.07%), BN (91.07%), and RT (80.35%). of 96.42% for kNN.Significance.Results show the feasibility of KMI multilevel muscle contraction detection and, thus, the viability of non-binary EEG-based BCI applications without using signals from the motor cortex.