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1.
Am J Primatol ; 87(1): e23722, 2025 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39777726

RESUMO

The Cayo Santiago rhesus macaque colony is a renowned primate population that has experienced significant natural and anthropogenic ecological variation in their 85-year history. Demographic and familial information is also tracked and collated for the majority of monkeys. Thus, the health history of rhesus macaques at Cayo Santiago should reflect the impacts of both environmental and genetic factors. In this study, we utilized a sample of skeletal remains comprised of 2787 individuals (1571 females, 1091 males), born between 1938 and 2017 from the derived skeletal collection of the primate colony to assess variation in survivorship, pathology, bone mineral density (BMD), and dental eruption status, in the context of hurricane impacts, nutritional fluctuations, and matriline genealogy. Results demonstrated that rhesus macaques at Cayo Santiago exhibit a range of skeletal pathologies that encompass biomedical and archaeological significance, multiple etiologies, severities, locations, and types, in addition to a secular trend of declining BMD that is hypothesized to reflect decreasing physical activity levels under increasing population densities. Specifically, hurricane impacts were found to increase the rate of systemic disease, decrease BMD in young adults, and delay eruption of the primary dentition. Certain matrilines exhibited heightened levels of systemic disease at early ages while others exhibited greater rates of congenital disease. Early-life adversity, through the experience of major hurricanes, may enhance inflammatory pathways, heightening the risk of disease and accelerating the aging process leading to reduced BMD. Such impacts may underly greater levels of observed infection post-hurricane through intensification of pathogen transmission and disease rates brought on by hurricane-adaptive social strategies that favor closer proximity. Familial susceptibility to disease indicates heritable host genetic factors are likely influencing disease patterning in the population. A cluster of congenital diseases may most convincingly illustrate this, or alternatively reflects low levels of genetic diversity in the population.


Assuntos
Densidade Óssea , Macaca mulatta , Animais , Macaca mulatta/genética , Macaca mulatta/fisiologia , Feminino , Masculino , Porto Rico , Erupção Dentária , Tempestades Ciclônicas , Osso e Ossos , Doenças dos Macacos/genética , Meio Ambiente , Espécies Introduzidas
2.
Int J Nanomedicine ; 20: 53-69, 2025.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39781289

RESUMO

Background: The 3D printing of macro- and mesoporous biomimetic grafts composed of polycaprolactone (PCL) infused with nanosized synthetic smectic clay is a promising innovation in biomaterials for bone tissue engineering (BTE). The main challenge lies in achieving a uniform distribution of nanoceramics across low to high concentrations within the polymer matrix while preserving mechanical properties and biological performance essential for successful osseointegration. Methods: This study utilized 3D printing to fabricate PCL scaffolds enriched with nanosized synthetic smectic clay (LAP) to evaluate its effects on structural, chemical, thermal, mechanical, and degradative properties, with a focus on in vitro biological performance and non-toxicity. Scaffolds were created with varying proportions of PCL and LAP. Comprehensive characterization included scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), mechanical testing, swelling analysis, and degradation studies. Biological performance was assessed through MTT assays (cell viability), alkaline phosphatase activity, histological analysis, and Raman spectroscopy, highlighting the scaffolds' biocompatibility and potential applications in regenerative medicine. Results: The developed inks demonstrated excellent injectability, and the 3D-printed PCL/LAP scaffolds exhibited a microporous and rough structure, good structural fidelity, low degradability, thermal stability, and sufficient mechanical strength across all formulations. Intrinsic properties of the scaffolds revealed no cytotoxicity while enhancing bioactivity and promoting in vitro mineralization when cultured with mesenchymal stem cells in all analyzed groups. Notably, the high concentration of LAP within the PCL matrices did not induce in vitro cytotoxicity but rather stimulated in vitro mineralization and differentiation. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the feasibility of 3D printing PCL/LAP scaffolds with high concentrations of nanoceramics. Both in vitro and in vivo assays validated the regenerative potential of these scaffolds, emphasizing their efficacy as a promising approach for developing advanced biomimetic grafts.


Assuntos
Argila , Poliésteres , Impressão Tridimensional , Engenharia Tecidual , Alicerces Teciduais , Alicerces Teciduais/química , Engenharia Tecidual/métodos , Argila/química , Poliésteres/química , Osso e Ossos/efeitos dos fármacos , Animais , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Materiais Biocompatíveis/química , Materiais Biocompatíveis/farmacologia , Teste de Materiais , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/citologia , Células-Tronco Mesenquimais/efeitos dos fármacos , Osteogênese/efeitos dos fármacos
3.
Am J Biol Anthropol ; 186(1): e25057, 2025 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39797579

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Contemporary dietary and nutritional transitions are commonplace, but difficult to study directly. In Brazil, and Latin America, this generalized process, leading to current obesity and malnutrition problems, started more than four decades ago. Although body weight and food availability are used to measure changes, not much information on food consumption and nutrition exist. Stable isotope analysis allows for the study of modern individual diets because it reflects the proportional contribution of different foods, general dietary patterns, and the effect of metabolism. Furthermore, when samples from tissues reflecting different time points are used, it allows for the assessment of individual transitions. OBJECTIVES: To explore intra-person isotopic variation for the first time in the Southern Hemisphere for modern humans, and examine the nutritional transition reported for Brazil in the past four decades. MATERIALS: Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values from 68 14C-dated bone samples (vertebra, occipital, parietal, femur) from 17 individuals born in 1963, from three cemeteries. RESULTS: Data reflect chronologically ordered high intra-individual δ15N variation tracking the dietary and nutrition transition over the last few decades, while no relationship between δ13C values and time was found. Vertebrae, reflecting diets from the mid 2000s, showed lower δ15N values than other bones reflecting the mid 1980s and early 1990s. DISCUSSION: We show how different bones capture nutritional transitions over the lifespan of modern individuals. Nitrogen isotope values were lower in recent tissues as a consequence of the changes in the agri-food industry and worldwide consumption patterns that have intensified in Latin America in the last decades.


Assuntos
Isótopos de Carbono , Dieta , Isótopos de Nitrogênio , Brasil , Humanos , Isótopos de Nitrogênio/análise , Isótopos de Carbono/análise , Feminino , Masculino , Osso e Ossos/química , Osso e Ossos/metabolismo , Adulto , Estado Nutricional , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
4.
Cladistics ; 41(1): 70-103, 2025 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39887763

RESUMO

Since their origin, sauropodomorphs have undergone numerous anatomical changes from small and bipedal early sauropodomorphs towards massive-bodied and quadrupedal sauropods. However, the timing of these changes in the evolution of the group is unclear. Here, we describe the appendicular skeleton of the early diverging eusauropod Bagualia alba from the late Early Jurassic of Patagonia, Argentina, and conduct a morphological disparity analysis based on a phylogenetic dataset of Sauropoda. The results reveal a change in morphospace occupation between the pre-Toarcian and Toarcian-Middle Jurassic sauropodomorphs and between the latter and Late Jurassic forms. The first shift corresponds with the extinction of non-sauropodan sauropodomorphs and the diversification of sauropods, while the second corresponds with the diversification of Neosauropoda and closely related eusauropods (mamenchisaurids, turiasaurians) in the Late Jurassic, leading to a substantial shift and increase in morphological disparity. Finally, we found that body mass is significantly correlated with the first principal coordinate axis of the morphospace in two-thirds of a random sample of optimal trees, which suggests that body size played a role in shaping the evolution of sauropod morphology. In this context, Bagualia provides insights into the evolution of Sauropoda, particularly regarding changes that occurred during the Early to Middle Jurassic.


Assuntos
Evolução Biológica , Dinossauros , Fósseis , Filogenia , Animais , Dinossauros/anatomia & histologia , Dinossauros/classificação , Argentina , Fósseis/anatomia & histologia , Osso e Ossos/anatomia & histologia , Osteologia
5.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 31184, 2024 12 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39732806

RESUMO

Treatment of complex craniofacial deformities is still a challenge for medicine and dentistry because few approach therapies are available on the market that allow rehabilitation using 3D-printed medical devices. Thus, this study aims to create a scaffold with a morphology that simulates bone tissue, able to create a favorable environment for the development and differentiation of osteogenic cells. Moreover, its association with Plenum Guide, through cell-based tissue engineering (ASCs) for guided bone regeneration in critical rat calvarial defects. The manufacturing and characterization of 3D-printed ß-TCP scaffolds for experimental surgery was performed. Nine male rats were divided into three groups: ß-TCP + PDO membrane (TCP/PG), ß-TCP/ASCs + PDO membrane (TCPasc/PG), and ß-TCP/ASCs + PDO membrane/ASCs (TCPasc/PGasc). A surgical defect with a 5-mm diameter was performed in the right parietal bone, and the defect was filled with the 3D-printed ß-TCP scaffold and PDO membrane with or without ASCs. The animals were euthanized 7, 14, and 30 days after the surgical procedure for histomorphometric and immunolabeling analyses. 3D-printed ß-TCP scaffolds were created with a 404 ± 0.0238 µm gyroid macro-pore and, the association to cell-based therapy promotes, especially in the TCPasc/PGasc group, a bone area formation at the defect border region and the center of the defect. The use of 3D-printed ß-TCP scaffolds and PDO membranes associated with cell-based therapy could improve and accelerate guided bone regeneration, promoting an increase in osteogenic capacity and reducing the time involved in the bone formation process. Moreover, using ASCs optimized the bioceramics by increasing its osteoinductive and osteoprogenitor capacity and, even with the resorption of the printed scaffold, aided as a scaffold for mesenchymal cell differentiation, as well as in bone tissue formation.


Assuntos
Regeneração Óssea , Fosfatos de Cálcio , Osteogênese , Polidioxanona , Impressão Tridimensional , Engenharia Tecidual , Alicerces Teciduais , Animais , Fosfatos de Cálcio/química , Fosfatos de Cálcio/farmacologia , Alicerces Teciduais/química , Engenharia Tecidual/métodos , Ratos , Masculino , Polidioxanona/química , Diferenciação Celular , Crânio/cirurgia , Osso e Ossos
6.
Am J Biol Anthropol ; 185(4): e25039, 2024 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39503572

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Based on the analysis of stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes of bone collagen, stable carbon isotopes of bone apatite and an extensive AMS dating series (~10,000-299 years cal BP), the human paleodiets of 34 individuals from the Central Pampean Dunefields (Argentina, South America) are evaluated. MATERIALS AND METHODS: These data are interpreted from the isotopic ecology of animals with archaeofaunal evidence of consumption and isotopic models of human diet. Multivariate carbon and nitrogen stable isotope model and Bayesian stable isotope ellipses were used to interpret human diets. RESULTS: Analysis of isotopic values indicates intake of enriched lipids and/or carbohydrates in relation to the proteins consumed throughout the Holocene. The isotopic values of Middle Holocene humans in relation to the values of exploited resources point out that individuals obtained protein mainly from guanaco. Subsequently, there was an increase in the human breadth diet during the Late Holocene, with a greater relevance of small prey of high trophic levels and vegetables. This contrasts with zooarchaeological information indicating generalist human diets during the Middle Holocene and specialized human diets in guanaco during the Late Holocene. CONCLUSIONS: It is proposed that during the Middle Holocene arid period, the combination of low human population density and high residential mobility in wide foraging ranges allowed the guanaco to be the main source of protein. During the Late Holocene humid period, there was an increase in human population density and a decrease in residential mobility, which caused greater pressure on foraging territories and increased dietary breadth.


Assuntos
Osso e Ossos , Isótopos de Carbono , Dieta , Isótopos de Nitrogênio , Humanos , Isótopos de Carbono/análise , Dieta/história , Isótopos de Nitrogênio/análise , Argentina , Adulto , História Antiga , Osso e Ossos/química , Osso e Ossos/metabolismo , Masculino , Feminino , Colágeno/metabolismo , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Adolescente
7.
BMC Nephrol ; 25(1): 381, 2024 Oct 26.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39462348

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Living kidney donors (LKD) experience an abrupt decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) resulting in abnormalities of mineral and bone metabolism (MBD), and this may have implications for skeletal health. We prospectively studied acute and long term MBD adaptation of LKD from two kidney transplant centers (São Paulo, Brazil and Miami, USA). METHODS: Renal function and MBD parameters longitudinally after kidney donation (baseline - D0, day 1, 14, 180 and 360 post-operatively) were measured in 74 patients (40 y, 73% female, 54% Brazilian). A subset of 20 donors from Brazil were reassessed after 10 years of nephrectomy. RESULTS: At baseline, Brazilian donors presented lower intact FGF23 (20.8 vs. 80.1 pg/mL, P < 0.01) and higher PTH (47.4 vs. 40.1, P = 0.04) than their US counterparts. GFR decreased to 63% of its baseline levels just after donation but improved 10% during the first year. PTH levels increased on D1, returning to baseline levels on D14, while FGF23 remained higher than baseline over the first year. LKD had a significant reduction of serum phosphate on D1, which returned to baseline levels on D180. A higher fractional excretion of phosphate (FEP) was noted since D14. After 10 years of donation, 20 LKD presented a sustained reduction in GFR (74.8 ± 14mL/min). There was a return to baseline in serum FGF23 [21.8 (18-30) pg/mL] and FEP, accompanied by an increase in serum calcium. PTH remained elevated (57.9 ± 18 pg/mL), whereas serum calcitriol and Klotho were lower than before the donation. CONCLUSIONS: The abrupt decline in kidney mass is associated with an increase in PTH and FGF23 that is not explained by phosphate retention. In a long-term evaluation, LKD showed a sustained drop in GFR, with lower serum calcitriol and Klotho, and higher PTH. The effects of these changes should be investigated in further studies.


Assuntos
Fator de Crescimento de Fibroblastos 23 , Fatores de Crescimento de Fibroblastos , Taxa de Filtração Glomerular , Transplante de Rim , Doadores Vivos , Nefrectomia , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Crescimento de Fibroblastos/sangue , Estudos Prospectivos , Osso e Ossos/metabolismo , Hormônio Paratireóideo/sangue , Minerais/sangue , Minerais/metabolismo , Fatores de Tempo , Brasil/epidemiologia , Fosfatos/sangue , Estudos Longitudinais
8.
Biol Res ; 57(1): 75, 2024 Oct 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39444040

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Determining the postmortem interval (PMI) accurately remains a significant challenge in forensic sciences, especially for intervals greater than 5 years (late PMI). Traditional methods often fail due to the extensive degradation of soft tissues, necessitating reliance on bone material examinations. The precision in estimating PMIs diminishes with time, particularly for intervals between 1 and 5 years, dropping to about 50% accuracy. This study aims to address this issue by identifying key protein biomarkers through proteomics and machine learning, ultimately enhancing the accuracy of PMI estimation for intervals exceeding 15 years. METHODS: Proteomic analysis was conducted using LC-MS/MS on skeletal remains, specifically focusing on the tibia and ribs. Protein identification was performed using two strategies: a tryptic-specific search and a semitryptic search, the latter being particularly beneficial in cases of natural protein degradation. The Random Forest algorithm was used to model protein abundance data, enabling the prediction of PMI. A thorough screening process, combining importance scores and SHAP values, was employed to identify the most informative proteins for model's training and accuracy. RESULTS: A minimal set of three biomarkers-K1C13, PGS1, and CO3A1-was identified, significantly improving the prediction accuracy between PMIs of 15 and 20 years. The model, based on protein abundance data from semitryptic peptides in tibia samples, achieved sustained 100% accuracy across 100 iterations. In contrast, non-supervised methods like PCA and MCA did not yield comparable results. Additionally, the use of semitryptic peptides outperformed tryptic peptides, particularly in tibia proteomes, suggesting their potential reliability in late PMI prediction. CONCLUSIONS: Despite limitations such as sample size and PMI range, this study demonstrates the feasibility of combining proteomics and machine learning for accurate late PMI predictions. Future research should focus on broader PMI ranges and various bone types to further refine and standardize forensic proteomic methodologies for PMI estimation.


Assuntos
Biomarcadores , Aprendizado de Máquina , Mudanças Depois da Morte , Proteômica , Humanos , Proteômica/métodos , Projetos Piloto , Biomarcadores/análise , Masculino , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/métodos , Cromatografia Líquida , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Fatores de Tempo , Restos Mortais/química , Tíbia/química , Osso e Ossos/química , Osso e Ossos/metabolismo , Adulto , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais
9.
Mol Cell Endocrinol ; 594: 112388, 2024 Dec 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39419340

RESUMO

Osteoporosis and obesity are prevalent diseases in menopause. The phytoestrogen genistein (Gen) is an antioxidant/anti-inflammatory agent proposed as natural therapy to counteract syndromes associated to menopause. In this work we evaluated the bone effect of Gen in a stress environment induced by hypoestrogenism and obesity. Bilaterally ovariectomized female Wistar rats were fed with high-fat diet (obese), or standard diet (non-obese). Osteoblasts (OB) primary cultures from femoral shafts, and retroperitoneal explants of white adipose tissue (WAT) in vitro exposed to Gen were employed as experimental systems. In obese rats, bone oxidative stress revealed by enhancement on H2O2 release, and significant reduction in OB nitric oxide (NO) production, cell growth, alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), matrix mineralization and collagen deposition was detected. In OB-WAT co-cultures, Gen treatment inhibited H2O2 secretion, and prompted OB differentiation. A direct action of Gen on WAT was demonstrated. The phytoestrogen inhibited H2O2 and TBARS production, and diminished the secretion of the inflammatory adipokine leptin, through a mechanism of action mediated by estrogen receptor (ER) involvement, and MAPK and PI3K signal transduction pathways participation. A directional interaction from WAT to bone was evidenced by the incubation OB with conditioned medium obtained from WAT exposed to Gen (Gen-CM). The presence of Gen-CM improved OB growth, and reduced H2O2 production. The antioxidative effect of Gen on obese bone cells was partially dependent on its ability to reduce leptin secretion by WAT. Altogether, the results suggest that, under obesity, Gen may improve bone metabolism through a direct action on WAT.


Assuntos
Genisteína , Obesidade , Osteoblastos , Fitoestrógenos , Ratos Wistar , Animais , Genisteína/farmacologia , Feminino , Obesidade/metabolismo , Obesidade/tratamento farmacológico , Fitoestrógenos/farmacologia , Osteoblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Osteoblastos/metabolismo , Osso e Ossos/efeitos dos fármacos , Osso e Ossos/metabolismo , Osso e Ossos/patologia , Peróxido de Hidrogênio/metabolismo , Ratos , Estresse Oxidativo/efeitos dos fármacos , Dieta Hiperlipídica/efeitos adversos , Tecido Adiposo Branco/efeitos dos fármacos , Tecido Adiposo Branco/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Receptores de Estrogênio/metabolismo , Leptina/metabolismo , Ovariectomia , Diferenciação Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo
10.
PLoS One ; 19(10): e0306205, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39401256

RESUMO

The economic, socio-political, and cultural significance of camelids in the Andean region is well-recognized, yet an understanding of their management evolution over pre-historical periods remains limited. This study aims to fill this gap by conducting the first cross-regional assessment of camelid pastoralism in Peru from 900 BCE to 1470 CE, using stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions from the bone collagen and fibers of 577archaeological camelids across 21 sites. This research investigates the spatio-temporal shifts in camelid dietary habits, focusing on how the rise of intensive agriculture may have influenced change and led to the evolution of distinct roles for camelids in coastal versus non-coastal Andean economies. Our analysis indicates an increase in δ13C values over time on the coast, suggesting a shift towards maize-based camelid diets. Conversely, δ13C values decrease over time in highland environments, suggesting camelids consumed relatively more wild C3 forage and/or cultivated crops such as tubers. The study also reveals a significant positive relationship between latitude and δ15N values, suggesting increasing environmental aridity enriches δ15N in bone collagen. After controlling for this latitudinal effect, we observe a rise in δ15N values in both coastal and non-coastal camelids, suggesting that in later periods camelids may have been foddered in agricultural fields that were enriched with guano or dung fertilizer used to intensify production. Importantly, this research uncovers a distinct dietary divergence between coastal and inland camelids. The observed divergence in diets suggests contrasting socio-economic uses of camelids, where coastal camelids were predominantly involved in ceremonial and political activities, while those in non-coastal areas were crucial to the subsistence economy.


Assuntos
Osso e Ossos , Isótopos de Carbono , Colágeno , Isótopos de Nitrogênio , Animais , Colágeno/metabolismo , Osso e Ossos/metabolismo , Osso e Ossos/química , Isótopos de Nitrogênio/análise , Isótopos de Carbono/análise , Peru , História Antiga , Camelidae/metabolismo , Arqueologia , Dieta
11.
An Acad Bras Cienc ; 96(4): e20240181, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39383352

RESUMO

Age estimation is a crucial component of human identification in forensic science. It has a vital role in forensic anthropology, including examinations of skeletal remains, disaster victim identification, and locating missing individuals. Present communication focuses on the age estimation through the examination of ossification centers of bones and its significance in identifying the age of 18 years old, a recognized age of majority in many countries. The process of ossification is integral to biological development and serves as critical standard for age estimation in forensic identification. This study reviews relevant literature from well-known databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect. Additionally, the present review elaborates various classification methods used by authors to classify the stages of ossification centers of bones. The objective of this communication is to assess the effectiveness of both imaging and physical methods for age estimation and to provide a critical comparison to determine the superior approach. The findings suggest that imaging methods are more reliable for the estimation of age from ossification centers. Staging methods introduced by Schmeling et al, Kellinghaus et al, Dedouit et al, Vieth et al, and Kvist et al. are found to be the best methods for age estimation.


Assuntos
Determinação da Idade pelo Esqueleto , Antropologia Forense , Osteogênese , Determinação da Idade pelo Esqueleto/métodos , Humanos , Osteogênese/fisiologia , Antropologia Forense/métodos , Osso e Ossos/anatomia & histologia , Osso e Ossos/diagnóstico por imagem , Adolescente
12.
J Morphol ; 285(10): e21778, 2024 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39311640

RESUMO

Evolutionary body size decrease has profound consequences for the morphology of an organism. In the evolution of the Characidae, the most species-rich family of Neotropical fishes, a prominent trend is the reduction of body size. The most typical effect is the simplification and reduction of morphological features through terminal deletion processes, resulting in the loss of skeletal elements and structures. To provide further information on the matter, we present a detailed description of the skeleton of Hyphessobrycon piabinhas, a poorly known, small representative of the largest genus of Characidae. We further discuss the identity and phylogenetic relationships of H. piabinhas. It belongs to the subfamily Stethaprioninae and exhibits considerable morphological similarity to other congeners from neighboring drainage systems. We identify several morphological simplifications in H. piabinhas and discuss them based on ontogenetic data available for Characiformes. These developmentally truncated elements are also present in many other small representatives of the family and seem to be among the first morphological modifications to occur in the context of body size reduction of Characidae. We argue that structural losses are not strictly correlated with sizes below 26 mm SL, although the most notable simplifications are typically observed in the miniatures.


Assuntos
Tamanho Corporal , Filogenia , Animais , Characidae/anatomia & histologia , Characidae/genética , Evolução Biológica , Osteologia , Osso e Ossos/anatomia & histologia
13.
Am J Biol Anthropol ; 185(4): e25016, 2024 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39295214

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: Contemporary migrations show form and intensity of interaction between homeland and host communities to shape social dynamics and identities. We apply here a contemporary theoretical framework and biogeochemical analyses to elucidate the scale, processes, and impacts of migration in the Tiwanaku polity (6th-11th c. CE) by inferring the mobility of individuals interred at the Tiwanaku-affiliated site of Omo M10 (Moquegua Valley, Peru). MATERIALS AND METHODS: For each of 124 individuals, we captured paleomobility across the life-course by analyzing up to four enamel and bone samples that formed during discrete developmental periods for radiogenic strontium (87Sr/86Sr) and stable oxygen (δ18Ocarbonate(VPDB)) isotopes. RESULTS: At Omo M10, archaeological human enamel and bone values range from 87Sr/86Sr = 0.70632-0.72183 and δ18Ocarbonate(VPDB) = -13.4‰ to +1.7‰, with a mean of 87Sr/86Sr = 0.70763 ± 0.00164 (1σ, n = 334) and δ18O = -7.8‰ ± 1.9‰ (1σ, n = 334). DISCUSSION: Together with archaeological evidence, we interpret these data as evidence for multigenerational interaction between communities in the high-altitude Tiwanaku heartland and at the site of Omo M10. Our results suggest that one-fourth of individuals spent some part of their life outside of Moquegua and one in eight individuals from Omo M10 were first-generation migrants. Greater mobility of females and juveniles at Omo M10 indicates that gender and family were important social constructs in maintaining relationships and cultural continuity in provincial Tiwanaku life, and communities maintained autochthonous migration streams with Tiwanaku-affiliated populations throughout the south-central Andes. Intra-individual biogeochemical analyses of migration at Omo M10 contribute a nuanced perspective on the diverse experiences of multigenerational Tiwanaku colonies.


Assuntos
Arqueologia , Osso e Ossos , Esmalte Dentário , Migração Humana , Isótopos de Oxigênio , Isótopos de Estrôncio , Humanos , Feminino , Migração Humana/história , Peru , Masculino , Esmalte Dentário/química , Isótopos de Estrôncio/análise , Adulto , Isótopos de Oxigênio/análise , Adolescente , Osso e Ossos/química , Criança , Adulto Jovem , Pré-Escolar , Lactente , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Antropologia Física , História Medieval
14.
Calcif Tissue Int ; 115(5): 700-711, 2024 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39245783

RESUMO

The incidence of osteoporosis and related fractures increases significantly with age, impacting public health and associated costs. Postmenopausal osteoporosis results from increased bone resorption due to decreased estrogen levels. The endocannabinoid system, especially cannabidiol (CBD), has shown therapeutic potential in modulating bone formation. This study investigated the effects of administration of CBD in rats after the onset of with ovariectomy-induced osteopenia (OVX). Forty-eight female Sprague‒Dawley rats were divided into four groups (n = 12): OVX + CBD, SHAM + CBD, OVX + vehicle, and SHAM + vehicle. CBD was administered intraperitoneally for 3 weeks. After euthanasia, the bone quality, mechanical properties, and bone microarchitecture of the femurs and lumbar vertebrae were assessed by microcomputed tomography (micro-CT), bone densitometry, mechanical tests, and histological and immunohistochemical analyses. CBD treatment improved the bone mineral density (BMD) of the lumbar vertebrae and increased the BV/TV% and Tb.N in the femoral neck. There were also improvements in the mechanical properties, such as the maximum force and stiffness of the femurs and vertebrae. CBD significantly increased the bone matrix in osteopenic femurs and vertebrae, Although did not significantly influence the expression of RANKL and OPG, in ovariectomized animals, there was an increase in osteoblasts and a decrease in osteoclasts. Determining the optimal timing for CBD use in relation to postovariectomy bone loss remains a crucial issue. Understanding when and how CBD can be most effective in preventing or treating bone loss is essential to emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis. However, further studies are needed to explore in more detail the efficacy and safety of CBD in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.


Assuntos
Densidade Óssea , Canabidiol , Ovariectomia , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Animais , Feminino , Canabidiol/farmacologia , Densidade Óssea/efeitos dos fármacos , Ratos , Microtomografia por Raio-X , Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças Ósseas Metabólicas/metabolismo , Vértebras Lombares/efeitos dos fármacos , Osteoporose/tratamento farmacológico , Osteoporose/metabolismo , Fêmur/efeitos dos fármacos , Fêmur/metabolismo , Fêmur/diagnóstico por imagem , Osso e Ossos/efeitos dos fármacos , Osso e Ossos/metabolismo
15.
Biomed Mater Eng ; 35(5): 415-423, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39121111

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Tissue engineering seeks to improve, maintain, or replace the biological functions of damaged organs or tissues with biological substitutes such as the development of scaffolds. In the case of bone tissue, they must have excellent mechanical properties like native bone. OBJECTIVE: In this work, three geometric models were designed for scaffolds with different structure lattices and porosity that could be biomechanically suitable and support cell growth for trabecular bone replacement applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine to the proximal femur area. METHODS: Geometries were designed using computer-aided design (CAD) software and evaluated using finite element analysis in compression tests. Three loads were considered according to the daily activity: 1177 N for slow walking, 2060 N for fast walking, and 245.25 N for a person in a bipedal position. All these loads for an adult weight of 75 kg. For each of them, three biomaterials were assigned: two polymers (poly-glycolic acid (PGA) and poly-lactic acid (PLA)) and one mineral (hydroxyapatite (HA)). 54 tests were performed: 27 for each of the tests. RESULTS: The results showed Young's modulus (E) between 1 and 4 GPa. CONCLUSION: If the resultant E is in the range of 0.1 to 5 GPa, the biomaterial is considered an appropriate alternative for the trabecular bone which is the main component of the proximal bone. However, for the models applied in this study, the best option is the poly-lactic acid which will allow absorbing the acting loads.


Assuntos
Desenho Assistido por Computador , Análise de Elementos Finitos , Engenharia Tecidual , Alicerces Teciduais , Alicerces Teciduais/química , Humanos , Engenharia Tecidual/métodos , Durapatita/química , Módulo de Elasticidade , Bioimpressão/métodos , Poliésteres/química , Porosidade , Simulação por Computador , Materiais Biocompatíveis/química , Substitutos Ósseos/química , Ácido Poliglicólico/química , Impressão Tridimensional , Teste de Materiais , Osso e Ossos
16.
Ann Hepatol ; 29(6): 101545, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39147135

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The most widely used staging system for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the Barcelona Liver Clinic Cancer (BCLC) system, which considers tumor burden, performance status, and liver function. Tumor burden is assessed with cross sectional imaging of the abdomen and chest, controversy surrounds the routine use of bone scintigraphy (BS) for detecting extrahepatic metastases. This study evaluated the role of BS in staging HCC in Mexican patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective cross-sectional study of all adults with HCC at a Mexican referral center from 2000 to 2018. Staging included abdominal computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging, chest CT, and BS. The main outcome was the impact of BS on staging and/or therapy plans. RESULTS: Among 238 patients, 2 with fibrolamellar variant and 44 with incomplete data were excluded. Median age was 66 years, 84 % had cirrhosis, and the predominant etiology was hepatitis C virus (43 %). BCLC stages were distributed as follows: A (14 %), B (7 %), C (68 %), and D (11 %). Extrahepatic disease was present in 18 %; only 8 % patients had a positive BS. Among the positive cases, 4 were true positives, but they did not alter staging or therapy plans. CONCLUSIONS: Routine BS in HCC staging demonstrated low yield, with a notable rate of false positives. Considering the implications of extrahepatic disease, BS may be justified for liver transplant candidates outside conventional criteria. Our study highlights the limited role of BS in early-stage HCC and advocates for a more selective utilization.


Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Cintilografia , Humanos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico por imagem , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Masculino , Feminino , Estudos Transversais , Idoso , Estudos Retrospectivos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neoplasias Ósseas/diagnóstico por imagem , Neoplasias Ósseas/secundário , Neoplasias Ósseas/patologia , Adulto , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , México/epidemiologia , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Osso e Ossos/diagnóstico por imagem , Osso e Ossos/patologia
17.
Sports Med ; 54(11): 2889-2906, 2024 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39136851

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Although nutrition and exercise both influence bone metabolism, little is currently known about their interaction, or whether nutritional intervention can modulate the bone biomarker response to acute exercise. Improved understanding of the relationships between nutrition, exercise and bone metabolism may have substantial potential to inform nutritional interventions to protect the bone health of exercising individuals, and to elucidate mechanisms by which exercise and nutrition influence bone. OBJECTIVE: The aim was to synthesise available evidence related to the influence of nutrition on the response of the bone biomarkers procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP) and C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX-1) to acute exercise, using a systematic review and meta-analytic approach. METHODS: Studies evaluating the influence of nutritional status or intervention on the bone biomarker response to an acute exercise bout were included and separated into four categories: (1) feeding status and energy availability, (2) macronutrients, (3) micronutrients and (4) other. Studies conducted on healthy human populations of any age or training status were included. Meta-analysis was conducted when data from at least five studies with independent datasets were available. In the case of insufficient data to warrant meta-analysis, results from individual studies were narratively synthesised and standardised mean effect sizes visually represented. RESULTS: Twenty-two articles were included. Of these, three investigated feeding status or energy availability, eight macronutrients, eight micronutrients (all calcium) and six other interventions including dairy products or collagen supplementation. Three studies had more than one intervention and were included in all relevant outcomes. The largest and most commonly reported effects were for the bone resorption marker CTX-1. Meta-analysis indicated that calcium intake, whether provided via supplements, diet or infusion, reduced exercise-induced increases in CTX-1 (effect size - 1.1; 95% credible interval [CrI] - 2.2 to - 0.05), with substantially larger effects observed in studies that delivered calcium via direct infusion versus in supplements or foods. Narrative synthesis suggests that carbohydrate supplementation may support bone during acute exercise, via reducing exercise-induced increases in CTX-1. Conversely, a low-carbohydrate/high-fat diet appears to induce the opposite effect, as evidenced by an increased exercise associated CTX-1 response, and reduced P1NP response. Low energy availability may amplify the CTX-1 response to exercise, but it is unclear whether this is directly attributable to energy availability or to the lack of specific nutrients, such as carbohydrate. CONCLUSION: Nutritional intervention can modulate the acute bone biomarker response to exercise, which primarily manifests as an increase in bone resorption. Ensuring adequate attention to nutritional factors may be important to protect bone health of exercising individuals, with energy, carbohydrate and calcium availability particularly important to consider. Although a wide breadth of data were available for this evidence synthesis, there was substantial heterogeneity in relation to design and intervention characteristics. Direct and indirect replication is required to confirm key findings and to generate better estimates of true effect sizes.


Assuntos
Biomarcadores , Colágeno Tipo I , Exercício Físico , Estado Nutricional , Fragmentos de Peptídeos , Pró-Colágeno , Humanos , Pró-Colágeno/sangue , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Biomarcadores/sangue , Colágeno Tipo I/sangue , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/sangue , Peptídeos , Osso e Ossos/metabolismo , Osso e Ossos/fisiologia , Micronutrientes/administração & dosagem , Ingestão de Energia
18.
Int. j. morphol ; 42(4): 929-935, ago. 2024. ilus
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-1569255

RESUMO

Los salmónidos, durante su desarrollo, pueden experimentar ocasionalmente deformaciones esqueléticas. Para su diagnóstico se emplean diversas metodologías, entre las que se incluyen radiografías, técnicas histológicas, diafanización con tinciones de alizarina y azul de alcián, así como el uso del microscopio electrónico de barrido (SEM), cada una con sus inherentes ventajas y desventajas. Este estudio tuvo como finalidad evaluar y comparar la eficacia de la tomografía microcomputarizada (Micro-CT) para el análisis anatómico, reconstruyendo tridimensionalmente las imágenes y contrastándolas con los resultados obtenidos mediante la técnica de diafanización. Se analizaron las aletas caudales de cinco ejemplares de salmón Oncorhynchus kisutch: dos sujetos a diafanización y tres procesados para análisis mediante Micro-CT utilizando el equipo BRUKER SkyScan 1272. La técnica de Micro-CT demostró superioridad en la resolución de las estructuras óseas, facilitando una exploración detallada de las variaciones morfológicas y la distribución de la densidad mineral. Este enfoque permitió identificar anomalías en la morfología y crecimiento de las últimas vértebras y lepidotriquias dorsales, así como una densidad incrementada en lepidotriquias dorsales malformadas. La mayor resolución proporcionada por la Micro-CT no solo potencia nuestra comprensión de la ontogenia piscícola y su adaptación a ambientes diversos, sino que además inaugura perspectivas innovadoras para el estudio de la evolución de las estrategias locomotoras y las respuestas adaptativas frente a cambios ambientales a través del tiempo.


SUMMARY: During their development, some species of salmonids may occasionally experience skeletal deformations. Several methodologies are currently being used for the diagnosis of such malformations, among which X-rays, histological techniques, diaphanization coupled either with Alizarin Red or Alcian Blue stains, as well as Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) can be mentioned. Each one of those methods presents inherent advantages and disadvantages. The purpose of this study was twofold: Firstly, to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of microcomputed tomography (Micro-CT) technology for anatomical analysis, three-dimensionally reconstructing the obtained images; and secondly, to contrast those images with the results obtained through the diaphanization technique. The caudal fins of five specimens of the Oncorhynchus kisutch salmon were analyzed: Two specimens were subjected to diaphanization and three were processed for Micro-CT analysis, using the BRUKER SkyScan 1272 equipment. The Micro-CT technology demonstrated superiority in the resolution of bone structures, facilitating a detailed exploration of morphological variations, as well as the distribution of mineral density. This experimental approach allowed us to identify anomalies in the morphology and growth of the last vertebrae and dorsal lepidotrichiae, as well as an increased mineral density in the malformed dorsal lepidotrichiae. The higher resolution provided by Micro-CT not only enhances our understanding of the fish ontogeny and its adaptation to diverse environments, but also opens innovative perspectives for the study of the evolution of locomotor strategies and adaptive responses to environmental changes.


Assuntos
Animais , Oncorhynchus kisutch/anatomia & histologia , Microtomografia por Raio-X/métodos , Salmonidae/anatomia & histologia , Osso e Ossos/diagnóstico por imagem , Densidade Óssea , Imageamento Tridimensional , Nadadeiras de Animais/diagnóstico por imagem
19.
Biomedica ; 44(Sp. 1): 171-181, 2024 05 31.
Artigo em Inglês, Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39079139

RESUMO

Introduction. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is considered one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood. It is a high-risk factor for developing early cardiovascular disease and it also affects bone health. Objective. To describe demographic characteristics and biochemical parameters of a population of children with type 1 diabetes, evaluated in the pediatric diabetes unit of a tertiary Spanish hospital. Materials and methods. In this retrospective study, we determined metabolic, lipid, and bone parameters in 124 children with type 1 diabetes who were monitored in the pediatric diabetes unit of the Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet in Zaragoza (Spain) from May 2020 to July 2021. Results. Children with type 1 diabetes have worse metabolic control of the disease at puberty, but their lipid control is considered acceptable. We found an inverse correlation between bone formation markers and disease duration, as well as with metabolic control. Conclusion. Bone formation markers are inversely correlated with the percentage of glycated hemoglobin and diabetes evolution time. Patients' lipid and bone profiles are more favorable when metabolic control of the disease is achieved.


Introducción. La diabetes mellitus de tipo 1 se considera una de las enfermedades crónicas más frecuentes de la infancia. Es un factor de gran riesgo de desarrollar enfermedad cardiovascular temprana y afecta también la salud ósea. Objetivo. Describir las características demográficas y los parámetros bioquímicos de una población de niños con diabetes de tipo 1, supervisados en la unidad pediátrica de diabetes de un hospital español de tercer nivel. Materiales y métodos. En este estudio retrospectivo, se determinaron los parámetros de control metabólico, lipídico y óseo en 124 niños con diabetes de tipo 1, a los que se hizo seguimiento en la Unidad Pediátrica de Diabetes del Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet de Zaragoza, desde mayo del 2020 hasta julio del 2021. Resultados. Los niños con diabetes de tipo 1 presentan peor control metabólico de la enfermedad en la pubertad, pero su control lipídico se puede considerar aceptable. Existe una correlación inversa de los marcadores de formación ósea con el tiempo de evolución de la enfermedad, así como con el control metabólico. Conclusión. Los marcadores de formación ósea se encuentran correlacionados de forma inversa con el porcentaje de hemoglobina glicosilada y con el tiempo de evolución de la diabetes. En estos pacientes, el perfil lipídico y el óseo son más favorables cuando existe un buen control metabólico de la enfermedad.


Assuntos
Osso e Ossos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 , Hemoglobinas Glicadas , Controle Glicêmico , Humanos , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/sangue , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/metabolismo , Criança , Estudos Retrospectivos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Osso e Ossos/metabolismo , Hemoglobinas Glicadas/análise , Metabolismo dos Lipídeos , Biomarcadores/sangue , Pré-Escolar , Osteogênese
20.
J Biomed Mater Res A ; 112(12): 2273-2288, 2024 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39015005

RESUMO

The objective of this study was to create injectable photo-crosslinkable biomaterials, using gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel, combined with a decellularized bone matrix (BMdc) and a deproteinized (BMdp) bovine bone matrix. These were intended to serve as bioactive scaffolds for dentin regeneration. The parameters for GelMA hydrogel fabrication were initially selected, followed by the incorporation of BMdc and BMdp at a 1% (w/v) ratio. Nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) was also included as a control. A physicochemical characterization was conducted, with FTIR analysis indicating that the mineral phase was complexed with GelMA, and BMdc was chemically bonded to the amide groups of gelatin. The porous structure was preserved post-BMdc incorporation, with bone particles incorporated alongside the pores. Conversely, the mineral phase was situated inside the pore opening, affecting the degree of porosity. The mineral phase did not modify the degradability of GelMA, even under conditions of type I collagenase-mediated enzymatic challenge, allowing hydrogel injection and increased mechanical strength. Subsequently, human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) were seeded onto the hydrogels. The cells remained viable and proliferative, irrespective of the GelMA composition. All mineral phases resulted in a significant increase in alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralized matrix deposition. However, GelMA-BMdc exhibited higher cell expression values, significantly surpassing those of all other formulations. In conclusion, our results showed that GelMA-BMdc produced a porous and stable hydrogel, capable of enhancing odontoblastic differentiation and mineral deposition when in contact with HDPCs, thereby showing potential for dentin regeneration.


Assuntos
Polpa Dentária , Dentina , Gelatina , Engenharia Tecidual , Dentina/química , Engenharia Tecidual/métodos , Animais , Bovinos , Gelatina/química , Humanos , Polpa Dentária/citologia , Metacrilatos/química , Reagentes de Ligações Cruzadas/química , Hidrogéis/química , Alicerces Teciduais/química , Osso e Ossos , Células Cultivadas , Porosidade
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