RESUMO
The aim is to unveil the useful value of breastfeeding for lactating women in a prison environment, based on Max Scheler's axiological perspective. This work was a qualitative, developed in a prison unit in Rio de Janeiro, where seven lactating women were interviewed. The phenomenological interview was used for data collection, while Laurence Bardin's content analysis was used for data analysis and treatment. The value revealed, in light of Max Scheler's findings, was the useful value, which was detected through the needs and wants experienced by lactating women during the act of breastfeeding in a prison environment. But, it is necessary to transform this space into a legitimate environment, which should value breastfeeding through the support of family, friends, and health professionals, as well as with the implementation of new protocols and specific public policies for the practice of breastfeeding within the prison system, which must be based on both scientific evidence and the principles of the Unified Health System (SUS).
O objetivo é desvelar o valor útil da amamentação para lactantes no ambiente prisional, a partir da dimensão axiológica de Max Scheler. Pesquisa qualitativa desenvolvida em unidade prisional no Rio de Janeiro, onde foram entrevistadas sete lactantes. A técnica de coleta de dados foi a entrevista fenomenológica e, para análise e tratamento dos dados, utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo de Laurence Bardin. O valor desvelado à luz de Max Scheler foi o valor útil, detectado a partir da carência das lactantes no momento vivido no ato de amamentar no espaço prisional. Sendo, necessária uma transformação desse espaço em um ambiente legítimo, que deverá valorar a amamentação por meio do apoio da família da lactante, de amigos e profissionais de saúde, com a implementação de novos protocolos e políticas públicas específicas para a prática de amamentar no sistema prisional, que devem ser baseadas em evidências científicas e nos princípios do Sistema Único de Saúde.
El objetivo es revelar el valor útil de la lactancia materna para mujeres que amamantan en el ambiente penitenciario, a partir de la dimensión axiológica de Max Scheler. Investigación cualitativa desarrollada en una unidad penitenciaria de Río de Janeiro, donde se entrevistaron siete mujeres lactantes. La técnica de recolección de datos fue la entrevista fenomenológica y se utilizó el análisis de contenido de Laurence Bardin para el análisis y procesamiento de los datos. El valor revelado a la luz de Max Scheler fue el valor útil, detectado a partir de la falta de lactancia de las mujeres en el momento vivido en el acto de amamantar en el espacio penitenciário. Sin embargo, es necesario transformar este espacio en un ambiente legitimado, que valore la lactancia materna mediante el apoyo de los familiares y amigos de la mujer lactante y de los profesionales de la salud y con la implementación de nuevos protocolos y políticas públicas específicas para la práctica de la lactancia materna en el sistema penitenciario, las cuales deben basarse en la evidencia científica y los principios del Sistema Único de Salud.
Assuntos
Aleitamento Materno , Lactação , Prisões , Humanos , Aleitamento Materno/psicologia , Feminino , Brasil , Adulto , Lactação/psicologia , Entrevistas como Assunto , Adulto Jovem , Prisioneiros/psicologiaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: to analyze how motherhood is expressed in female prison units from the perspective of Bioethics of Protection. METHOD: qualitative research with an ethnographic approach, developed in two women's prison units. Participantes were: six mothers deprived of liberty, 15 health professionals, and nine prison officers. For data collection, semi-structured interviews and descriptive observation were used. Data analysis was based on the Content Analysis technique, thematic category. RESULTS: three categories emerged: women and children violated behind bars (inequities); mothers and children in prison exacerbating imbalances, tensions and conflicts; and limits and references for resocialization. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the Bioethics of Protection proposal appears as a valid tool for the analytical direction of the process of confronting issues in the scope of public health in prison units, considering vulnerable groups and aiming at equity and human dignity.
Assuntos
Prisões , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Humanos , Feminino , Adulto , Prisões/normas , Mães/psicologia , Prisioneiros/psicologia , Bioética/tendências , Brasil , Antropologia Cultural/métodosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study is to describe the sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics of a group of transgender women and travestis (TGW) with a history of incarceration and the institutional and social context of this experience in Brazil. METHODS: The analyzed data were derived from the TransOdara Study, a cross-sectional study conducted in five Brazilian capitals from December 2019 to July 2021. Participants were recruited using the Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS) technique, in which, after an initial formative and exploratory stage, the first participants were identified; in turn, these participants recruited up to six other transgender women and travestis for the research. The study's outcome was the experience of incarceration throughout life, captured through the question: "Have you ever been arrested in your life?" RESULTS: A total of 1,245 TGW were interviewed, of which 20.3% (n=253) experienced incarceration. Incarceration was more frequent among those aged 33 to 42 years (35.6%), with lower level of education (45.5%, p<0.001), engaged in informal work (30.3%), without a partner (67.2%), and among those who reported illicit drug use (66.4%). The majority (60.9%) of TGW were incarcerated with cisgender men, and the most common reasons for imprisonment were drug trafficking (30.4%) followed by robbery (29.2%). Over a quarter of the interviewees (26.3%) experienced assault, and 13.8% reported experiencing sexual violence during incarceration. CONCLUSION: The results emphasize the high prevalence of incarceration among TGW. This incarceration takes place in male wards and in a context of high rates of physical and sexual violence.
Assuntos
Prisioneiros , Pessoas Transgênero , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Pessoas Transgênero/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoas Transgênero/psicologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Adulto , Feminino , Masculino , Prisioneiros/estatística & dados numéricos , Prisioneiros/psicologia , Adulto Jovem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adolescente , Fatores Socioeconômicos , EncarceramentoRESUMO
This article aimed to know a Shelter for women in situations of intimate partner violence at imminent risk of death located in the state of Rio de Janeiro from the perception of its professionals. To this end, this qualitative research adopted semi-structured interviews with seven professionals directly involved with the care and assistance to the Shelter's user population. The findings were interpreted through Bardin's thematic content analysis. Moreover, the profile of the women and children sheltered in 2021 was drawn based on the data provided by the institution. In conceptual terms, this work focused on intersectional feminist theoretical references. Among the results, we argue that the shelter is permeated by contradictions, from its normative idealizations to institutional practices: on the one hand, the shelter represents the possibility of salvation, that is, of interrupting the escalation of violence and, therefore, preventing femicide. However, on the other hand, it appears as an upside-down prison, which "incarcerates" the victims. We highlight the importance of thinking about new ways to ensure protection for women who need this shelter.
O artigo teve como objetivo conhecer uma casa-abrigo para mulheres em situação de violência por parceiros íntimos (VPI) em risco iminente de morte localizada no estado do Rio de Janeiro a partir da percepção de seus profissionais. Para tanto, a pesquisa teve abordagem qualitativa e foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com sete profissionais envolvidos/as diretamente no atendimento e na assistência às mulheres atendidas pela casa-abrigo. A interpretação dos achados se deu por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo temática preconizada por Bardin. Além disso, foi traçado o perfil das mulheres e crianças abrigadas no ano de 2021, com base nos dados disponibilizados pela instituição. Em termos conceituais, este trabalho debruçou-se sobre referenciais teóricos feministas interseccionais. Entre os resultados, argumenta-se que a casa-abrigo está permeada por contradições, desde suas normativas às práticas institucionais: por um lado, representa uma possibilidade de "salvação", isto é, de interrupção da escalada da violência e, portanto, de impedimento do feminicídio, mas, por outro, aparece como uma prisão "às avessas", que "prende" as vítimas. Aponta-se a importância e a urgência de pensar novas formas de garantir proteção às mulheres que necessitam desse tipo de abrigamento.
Assuntos
Entrevistas como Assunto , Violência por Parceiro Íntimo , Prisões , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Humanos , Feminino , Brasil , Violência por Parceiro Íntimo/prevenção & controle , Prisioneiros/psicologia , Adulto , Vítimas de Crime/psicologia , FeminismoRESUMO
PURPOSE: The prison population is seldom studied and often overlooked in many countries despite their vulnerability to long-term illness. This study aims to explore the factors associated with the non-treatment for long-term illnesses among incarcerated individuals. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: This study is a cross-sectional analysis. The authors conducted a secondary data analysis using information collected in the Peruvian census of incarcerated individuals. The study population consisted of incarcerated individuals diagnosed with a long-term illness. To evaluate the factors associated with non-treatment, the authors used a Poisson regression model. FINDINGS: The authors included 12,512 incarcerated individuals (age: 40.9 ± 13.1 years), and 39% of them did not receive treatment for their long-term illness. The authors observed that non-treatment was statistically associated with gender, age, having children, use of the Spanish language, sexual identity, judicial situation, penitentiary location, discrimination inside the penitentiary and health insurance before incarceration. However, only having children (prevalence ratio [PR]: 1.11, confidence interval [CI]95% 1.03-1.19), using the Spanish language (PR: 1.15, CI95%: 1.01-1.31), being in a penitentiary not in Lima (PR: 1.11, CI95%: 1.06-1.17) and perceiving discrimination inside the penitentiary (PR: 1.12, CI95% 1.06-1.18) increased the prevalence of non-treatment. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: Identifying the factors associated with non-treatment will allow us to implement measures for prioritizing groups and developing strategies for the evaluation, close follow-up of their health and management of comorbidities.
Assuntos
Prisioneiros , Humanos , Masculino , Prisioneiros/psicologia , Prisioneiros/estatística & dados numéricos , Peru/epidemiologia , Feminino , Estudos Transversais , Adulto , Doença Crônica , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto JovemRESUMO
Previous studies on health in prison facilities have determined that imprisonment has adverse effects on both physical and emotional well-being. Therefore, the introduction of public health measures is encouraged. This study aimed to (a) evaluate the levels of physical activity and the health condition of a sample of Brazilian prisoners and (b) determine the predictors of low physical activity. An observational and cross-sectional study was developed following the STROBE checklist. Data collection took place between June and November 2019 in a maximum-security Brazilian prison institution. This study's final sample included 220 people selected through convenience sampling, of which 115 (53.2%) were aged 18 to 29 years, followed by 79 (36.6%) aged 30 to 44 years and 22 (10.2%) aged 45 to 59 years old. Overall, 64.3% of participants failed to meet the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation for physical activity [at least 150-300 min of moderate-intensity or 75 min of vigorous-intensity aerobic physical activity per week]. The majority reported unhealthy food consumption (116; 53.7%). Regarding body mass index (BMI), 50.2% of individuals were classified as eutrophic, 38.1% were overweight and 11.6% were obese. Older age (AOR: 0.95; CI95%: 0.92-0.99; p = 0.01) and sitting time (AOR: 0.74; CI95%: 0.65-0.85; p < 0.01) were associated with low adherence to physical activity. Our results highlight the importance of practicing physical activity within the prison context and the need for institutional programs that promote regular physical activity.
Assuntos
Exercício Físico , Prisioneiros , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Brasil , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Masculino , Prisioneiros/estatística & dados numéricos , Prisioneiros/psicologia , Adulto Jovem , Adolescente , Feminino , Índice de Massa CorporalRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: to understand the Generalized Resistance Deficits of people deprived of liberty with hypertension in a Brazilian prison unit. METHOD: qualitative research, anchored in Salutogenesis, carried out with 38 people with hypertension from a Brazilian prison unit, from February to July 2022, with a semi-structured interview with open-ended questions, whose analysis was thematic, explaining the limitations to health in prison. RESULTS: 13 Generalized Resistance Deficits were reported, mostly related to the prison environment and, to a lesser extent, to the social group and the individual, respectively. Living in prison for people with hypertension implies living with a high number of Generalized Resistance Deficits, accentuating the movement towards the disease pole. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: knowing Generalized Resistance Deficits allows directing health promotion to support the use of available Generalized Resistance Resources and contributes to the expansion of intersectoral policies.
Assuntos
Hipertensão , Prisioneiros , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Humanos , Hipertensão/complicações , Hipertensão/psicologia , Masculino , Brasil , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Prisioneiros/psicologia , Prisioneiros/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Prisões/estatística & dados numéricos , Prisões/normas , Entrevistas como Assunto/métodosRESUMO
Resumo Objetivou-se analisar as representações sociais (RS) sobre privação de liberdade (PL) entre usuários(as) do sistema penitenciário. Participaram 40 indivíduos em privação de liberdade pareados por sexo. Aplicou-se questionários sociodemográficos e o Teste de Associação Livre de Palavras (TALP), que teve como indutor o termo "privação de liberdade" . Os dados dos questionários foram analisados pelo software IBM SPSS, enquanto os dados do TALP foram analisados pelo software IRaMuTeQ. A partir da pergunta de pesquisa, verificou-se entre os homens representações de PL sobre saudade, sofrimento, angústia e fé. Já entre as mulheres, a PL significa dor pela falta dos filhos, sentimento de tristeza e solidão. Portanto, se constata que os grupos compartilharam representações semelhantes sobre a privação de liberdade, destacando aspectos emocionais e psicológicos, se sobressaindo a saudade da família.
Abstract Objective. The objective was to analyze the social representations of deprivation of liberty (DL) among users of the prison system. Forty individuals deprived of liberty matched for sex participated. Method. Sociodemographic questionnaires and the Free Word Association Test (FAWT) were applied with the term "deprivation of liberty" as an inducer. The questionnaire data was analyzed using the IBM SPSS software, while the TALP data was analyzed using the IRaMuTeQ software. Results. From the research question, it was found that among men representations deal with longing, suffering, anguish, and faith. Among women, it means pain for the lack of children, feeling of sadness and loneliness. Therefore, it appears that the groups shared similar representations about the deprivation of liberty, highlighting emotional and psychological aspects, and the longing for the family.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Prisioneiros/psicologia , Relações Interpessoais , PrisõesRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To measure and understand mental wellbeing among women prisoners in Chile, as part of a larger study. RESULT: Sixty-eight sentenced prisoners in a women's prison participated in a survey, giving a response rate of 56.7%. Using the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS), the mean wellbeing score of participants was 53.77 out of maximum score of 70. Whilst 90% of the 68 women felt useful at least some of the time, 25% rarely felt relaxed, close to others or able to make up their own minds about things. Data generated from two focus groups attended by six women offered explanations for survey findings. Thematic analysis identified stress and loss of autonomy due to the prison regime as factors which negatively affect mental wellbeing. Interestingly, whilst offering prisoners an opportunity to feel useful, work was identified as a source of stress. Interpersonal factors linked to a lack of safe friendships within the prison and little contact with family had an adverse impact on mental wellbeing. The routine measurement of mental wellbeing among prisoners using the WEMWBS is recommended in Chile and other Latin American countries to identify the impact of policies, regimes, healthcare systems and programmes on mental health and wellbeing.
Assuntos
Saúde Mental , Prisioneiros , Humanos , Feminino , Chile , Prisioneiros/psicologia , Prisões , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
In this article we assessed the prevalence of benzodiazepine (BZD) use in women before and during imprisonment, as well as its related factors and association with symptoms of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder in a quantitative, cross-sectional, analytical study of regional scope. Two female prisons in the Brazilian Prison System were included. Seventy-four women participated by completing questionnaires about their sociodemographic data, BZD use and use of other substances. These questionnaires included the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C). Of the 46 women who reported no BZDs use before arrest, 29 (63%) began using BZDs during imprisonment (p < 0.001). Positive scores for PTSD, anxiety, and depression, as well as associations between BZD use during imprisonment and anxiety (p = 0.028), depression (p = 0.001) and comorbid anxiety and depression (p = 0.003) were found when a bivariate Poisson regression was performed. When a multivariate Poisson regression was performed for tobacco use, the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scales, BZD use was associated with depression (p = p = 0.008), with tobacco use (p = 0.012), but not with anxiety (p = 0.325). Imprisonment increases the psychological suffering of women, consequently increasing BZD use. Nonpharmacological measures need to be considered in the health care of incarcerated women.
Assuntos
Benzodiazepinas , Saúde Mental , Prisioneiros , Feminino , Humanos , Ansiedade/epidemiologia , Ansiedade/psicologia , Benzodiazepinas/efeitos adversos , Estudos Transversais , Depressão/epidemiologia , Depressão/psicologia , Prisioneiros/psicologiaRESUMO
Psychopathy remains a relatively unexplored concept in Latin America. The abbreviated Self-Report Psychopathy Scale (SRP-SF) seems promising in this under-resourced context. However, the SRP-SF should be tested for measurement invariance to achieve meaningful comparison across countries in Latin America. Therefore the aims of this study were to examine the underlying factor structure of the SRP-SF in incarcerated adult male offenders from Uruguay (n = 331) and Chile (n = 208), to examine the measurement invariance of the SRP-SF across countries, and to assess the utility of SRP-SF to classify first time offenders from offenders with criminal history. Findings showed a good fit for the four-factor model in Uruguay, and both Chile and Uruguay showed invariance. Conversely, the Interpersonal and Affective factors were not associated with criminal history in the Uruguayan sample. Therefore, more studies are needed before using the SRP-SF as screening tool to classify first-time offenders and reoffenders in different countries in Latin America.
Assuntos
Criminosos , Prisioneiros , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Autorrelato , Chile , Uruguai , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/psicologia , Prisioneiros/psicologiaRESUMO
PURPOSE: Depression has become a major health concern, particularly in developing countries. This disorder is highly prevalent among certain vulnerable populations, such as prisoners. In Peru, prisons are overcrowded, and the health of prisoners is neglected. Thus, this study aims to estimate the prevalence of depression diagnosed during incarceration in male inmates from all Peruvian prisons and assess its associated factors. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: A cross-sectional study was conducted based on the secondary data analysis of the National Census of Prison Population 2016 in Peru. This study included records of prisoners who reported whether they were diagnosed with depression by a health-care professional after admission into the prisons. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariable analyses were performed. FINDINGS: Of the 63,312 prisoners included in this study, 1,007 reported an in-prison diagnosis of depression by a health-care professional, which represents a prevalence of 1.59%. Substance use disorder (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] 3.10; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.91-5.03), hypertension (aPR 7.20; 95% CI: 6.28-8.24) and previous discrimination (aPR 1.97; 95% CI: 1.62-2.40) were strongly associated with depression, even when adjusting for multiple confounders. Other directly associated variables were, for example, violence during childhood, infrequent visits in prison and diabetes. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: The right of prisoners to adequate health care is being neglected in Peru. Mental health is a cornerstone of health quality. Acknowledging which factors are associated with depression in prison is important to implement strategies to improve the mental health of prisoners.
Assuntos
Depressão , Prisioneiros , Humanos , Masculino , Depressão/epidemiologia , Peru/epidemiologia , Prisões , Estudos Transversais , Censos , Encarceramento , Prisioneiros/psicologia , PrevalênciaRESUMO
RESUMO Em seu capítulo sobre medidas socioeducativas, o Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA) propõe a aplicação de medidas a adolescentes autores de atos infracionais, cujo caráter deve ser educativo e não punitivo. O objetivo desse trabalho foi mapear as dissertações indexadas na base Capes sobre a privação de liberdade de adolescentes defendidas entre 2007 e 2016 que respondiam ao problema de pesquisa: 'Quais as contribuições da privação de liberdade como medida socioeducativa para o desenvolvimento de jovens no Brasil?', tendo sido identificadas 1.133 dissertações. Para atender ao objetivo proposto, realizou-se uma pesquisa documental, na qual foram selecionadas 174 dissertações e foi possível perceber vários problemas na execução da medida socioeducativa e que estão em desacordo com as prescrições do Sinase. Em muitos casos, a concepção punitiva se sobrepõe ao aspecto pedagógico, levando a uma aproximação entre o sistema socioeducativo e o sistema prisional. Destaca-se a necessidade de os órgãos responsáveis fiscalizarem os centros socioeducativos para a garantia do cumprimento das normativas.
RESUMEN En su capítulo sobre medidas socioeducativas, el Estatuto de la Infancia y de la Adolescencia (ECA) propone la aplicación de medidas a los adolescentes que han cometido infracciones cuyo carácter debe ser educativo y no punitivo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue mapear las disertaciones indexadas en la base de datos CAPES sobre la privación de libertad de adolescentes defendidas entre 2007 y 2016 que respondió al problema de investigación: '¿Cuáles son las contribuciones de la privación de libertad como una medida socioeducativa para el desarrollo de los jóvenes en Brasil?', habiendo sido identificados 1133 disertaciones. Para cumplir con el objetivo propuesto, se realizó una investigación documental, en la que se seleccionaron 174 disertaciones y se pudo percibir varios problemas en la ejecución de la medida socioeducativa y que están en desacuerdo con las prescripciones del SINASE. En muchos casos, la concepción punitiva se superpone al aspecto pedagógico, lo que lleva a una aproximación entre el sistema socioeducativo y el sistema penitenciario. Se destaca la necesidad de que los organismos responsables inspeccionen los centros socioeducativos para garantizar el cumplimiento de la normativa.
ABSTRACT In its chapter on socio-educational measures, the Statute of Children and Adolescents (ECA) proposes the application of measures to adolescents who have committed infractions whose character must be educational and not punitive. The objective of this work was to map the dissertations indexed in the CAPES database on the deprivation of liberty of adolescents defended between 2007 and 2016 that answered the research problem: 'What are the contributions of the deprivation of liberty as a socio-educational measure for the development of young people in Brazil?', having identified 1133 dissertations defended in this period. In order to meet the proposed objective, a documentary research was carried out, in which 174 dissertations were selected and it was possible to perceive several problems in the execution of the socio-educational measure and which are in disagreement with the SINASE prescriptions. In many cases, the punitive conception overlaps the pedagogical aspect, leading to an approximation between the socio-educational system and the prison system. The need for the responsible bodies to inspect the socio-educational centers is highlighted in order to guarantee compliance with the regulations.
Assuntos
Prisioneiros/psicologia , Criança , Defesa da Criança e do Adolescente/psicologia , Dissertação Acadêmica , Dissertações Acadêmicas como Assunto , Educação , LiberdadeRESUMO
The Antisocial Self-Report (ASR-13) was developed to assess a general antisocial personality factor. However, because antisocial traits are socially aversive, the ASR-13 scores can be potentially contaminated by social desirability in high-stakes testing situations. In the present study, we performed an in-depth analysis of the ASR-13 to determine which items may be subject to socially desirable responding when used for data collection in prison settings. Participants were 324 college students, and 20 male prisoners. A Multiple Indicator Multiple Cause (MIMIC) model suggested three items were especially prone to eliciting socially desirable responding. We found evidence that prisoners likely attenuated their scores when rating items with content that is related to illegal behaviors. We discuss the implications of the findings, and how they help understand the latent processes that cause item responses to the ASR-13 inventory.(AU)
O Inventário Breve de Comportamentos Antissociais foi desenvolvido para avaliar um fator geral de personalidade antissocial. No entanto, como traços antissociais são socialmente aversivos, os escores do inventário podem acabar contaminados pela desejabilidade social em contextos de avaliação nos quais o indivíduo possui interesse em obter resultados favoráveis. No presente estudo, uma análise do ASR-13 foi realizada em relação a quais itens são suscetíveis às respostas socialmente desejáveis quando a coleta de dados é feita em ambientes prisionais. Os participantes foram 324 estudantes universitários e 20 homens privados de liberdade. O modelo Multiple Indicator Multiple Cause (MIMIC) sugeriu que três itens eram especialmente propensos a provocar respostas socialmente desejáveis. Evidências de que os participantes privados de liberdade atenuaram as suas pontuações em itens com conteúdo relacionado a comportamentos ilegais foram encontradas. Discutiu-se as implicações dos resultados e como ajudam a entender os processos latentes que causam respostas aos itens do ASR-13.(AU)
El Inventario Breve de Conductas Antisociales fue desarrollado para evaluar un factor general de personalidad antisocial. Sin embargo, como los rasgos antisociales son socialmente aversivos, los puntajes del inventario pueden verse contaminadas por la deseabilidad social en contextos de evaluación en los que el individuo está interesado en obtener resultados favorables. En el presente estudio, realizamos un análisis del ASR-13 en relación con qué ítems son susceptibles de respuestas socialmente deseables cuando la recolección de datos se realiza en entornos penitenciarios. Los participantes fueron 324 estudiantes universitarios y 20 hombres en situación de privación de libertad. El Modelo con Indicadores y Causas Múltiples (MIMIC) sugirió que tres ítems eras especialmente propensos a provocar respuestas socialmente deseables. Encontramos evidencias de que los participantes privados de libertad bajaron sus puntajes en ítems con contenido relacionado con conductas ilegales. Discutimos las implicaciones de los resultados y cómo ayudan a comprender los procesos latentes que provocan las respuestas a los ítems del ASR-13.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Prisioneiros/psicologia , Desejabilidade Social , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/psicologia , Inventário de Personalidade , Psicometria , Estudantes/psicologia , Universidades , Inquéritos e Questionários , Análise de Variância , AutorrelatoRESUMO
This study aimed to describe Pará's Prison Health. This ecological time series study was based on secondary data with unrestricted access from Institutional Reports of the Penitentiary System and information from the Pará Transparency Web Portal, the National Register of Health Facilities (CNES), and the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN). As a result, we observed a population with a majority of less-educated young black and brown males. In absolute numbers, we observed an increase of health professionals who did not follow the prison population hike. When entered into statistical control charts, the number of medical, dental, and psychological visits varied randomly and outside the limits. The potential coverage of prison health teams linked to the SUS achieved a maximum of 45.77%. Health task forces did not increase the number of visits. The incidence of tuberculosis was much higher than the mean for the state population, and its notification is adequate. Even with restricted secondary data, we could broadly look at the state's prison health, raising issues managers and professionals should consider.
Este trabalho buscou descrever a saúde prisional paraense. Trata-se de estudo ecológico, em série temporal, baseado em dados secundários de acesso irrestrito a partir de relatórios institucionais do sistema penitenciário, além de informações provenientes do Portal da Transparência do Pará, do Cadastro Nacional de Estabelecimentos de Saúde (CNES) e do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN). Como resultados, observou-se uma população de maioria jovem, negra e parda, de baixa escolaridade e do sexo masculino. Constatou-se um aumento, em números absolutos, de profissionais de saúde, mas sem acompanhar proporcionalmente o aumento da população carcerária. O número de consultas médicas, odontológicas e psicológicas variou de forma aleatória e fora dos limites quando inseridos em gráficos de controle estatístico. O potencial de cobertura das equipes de saúde prisional vinculadas aos SUS foi de no máximo 45,77%. Mutirões de saúde não aumentaram o número o total de consultas. A incidência de tuberculose mostrou-se muito superior à média para população do estado e sua notificação mostrou-se adequada. Mesmo trabalhando com dados secundários restritos, pôde-se lançar um amplo olhar sobre a saúde prisional do estado, levantando questões que devem ser apreciadas por gestores e profissionais.
Assuntos
Prisioneiros , Tuberculose , Masculino , Humanos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Prisões , Atenção à Saúde , Tuberculose/epidemiologia , Instalações de Saúde , Prisioneiros/psicologiaRESUMO
This study aimed to evaluate and compare the perception of parenting practices before and during the incarceration of men deprived of liberty. Fifty-seven men aged between 22 and 61 years (M = 36.16; SD = 8.44) participated in the study, with family income of one to two minimum wages (31.6%), did not complete elementary school (54.4%), were married (73.7%), and had two or more children (73.7%) aged 4 to 16 years. They answered socio-demographic questions and the Parenting Practices Inventory (PPI) for conditions in liberty and in prison. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, mean comparison tests and Pearson correlation. Regarding their condition of imprisonment, there was a significant reduction in scores of parental practices of "Discipline", "Education" and "Social", but not in "Affection". The scores for "Discipline" for conditions in liberty and in prison showed a strong correlation. The implications of these results are discussed, limitations and future directions are also indicated. (AU)
Este estudo buscou avaliar e comparar a percepção das práticas parentais antes e durante o encarceramento por homens privados de liberdade. Participaram do estudo 57 homens com idades entre 22 e 61 anos (M = 36,16; DP = 8,44), com renda familiar de um a dois salários mínimos (31,6%), ensino fundamental incompleto (54,4%), casados (73,7%) e com dois ou mais filhas/os (78,9%) com idades de 4 a 16 anos. Eles responderam a questões sociodemográficas e ao Inventário de Práticas Parentais (IPP) para as condições em liberdade e em situação de prisão. Realizaram-se análises descritivas, testes de comparação de médias e correlação de Pearson. A situação de prisão representou uma diminuição significativa em práticas parentais de "Disciplina", "Educação" e "Social", mas não em "Afeto". As pontuações em "Disciplina" para as condições em liberdade e em prisão apresentaram forte correlação. São discutidas as implicações desses resultados, bem como apresentadas limitações e direcionamentos futuros. (AU)
El presente estudio buscó evaluar y comparar la percepción de las prácticas parentales antes y durante el encarcelamiento de hombres privados de libertad. Participaron 57 hombres de entre 22 y 61 años (M = 36,16; DS = 8,44), con ingresos familiares de uno o dos salarios mínimos (31,6%), educación primaria incompleta (54,4 %), casados (73,7%) y con dos o más niños (78,9%) con edades entre 4 a 16 años. Los participantes respondieron preguntas sociodemográficas y el Inventario de Prácticas Parentales (IPP) sobre sus condiciones de paternidad en libertad y en prisión. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos, pruebas de comparación de medias y correlación de Pearson. La situación carcelaria representó una disminución significativa en las puntuaciones de las prácticas parentales de "Disciplina", "Educación" y "Social", pero no en "Afectividad". Los escores en el factor "Disciplina" para las condiciones en libertad y en prisión mostraron una fuerte correlación. Se discuten las implicaciones de estos resultados, así como también se presentan las limitaciones y direcciones futuras. (AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Prisioneiros/psicologia , Poder Familiar/psicologia , Relações Pai-Filho , Projetos Piloto , Inquéritos e Questionários , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Relações Familiares , Correlação de Dados , Fatores SociodemográficosRESUMO
O objetivo foi analisar evidências de validade do Inventário de Histórico Infracional Familiar (IHIF), instrumento de autorrelato sobre infrações cometidas pelo indivíduo e seus familiares. A amostra foi composta por 791 pessoas, 394 apenados e 397 universitários. Identificaram-se dois componentes com a análise de componentes principais, tendo a análise paralela para retenção componencial: Componente 1 (Infrações graves); Componente 2 (Infrações leves). Esses componentes foram agrupados em um Indicador Geral (IG) com modelo PLS-SEM cuja invariância parcial foi verificada. A estrutura e consistência interna demonstram-se razoáveis. Houve divergência do histórico infracional familiar e os estilos parentais. Há ainda diferenças significativas entre universitários e apenados nos escores dos Componentes 1 e IG, cujas gravidades são aumentadas. O instrumento mostrou-se promissor para avaliar a transmissão intergeracional de comportamento infrator. A identificação de descendentes que possam estar em risco de delinquência permitirá a criação de programas de intervenção precoce para famílias de risco. (AU)
We analyzed validity evidence for the Family Criminal History Inventory (FCHI), a self-report instrument on offenses committed by individuals and their families. We surveyed 791 people (394 inmates and 397 university students). Results produced two components through principal component analysis, using parallel analysis for component retention: Component 1 (Serious Offenses); Component 2 (Light Offenses). These were grouped into a General Indicator (GI) with a PLS-SEM model, the partial invariance of which was verified. The structure and internal consistency were reasonable. A divergence of family criminal history and parenting styles were observed. There were also significant differences between the university students and inmates in the scores of Components 1 and the GI, in which the severities increased. The instrument proved to be promising for evaluating the intergenerational transmission of offending behavior. The identification of descendants who may be at risk of delinquency will allow the creation of early intervention programs for families at risk.(AU)
El objetivo fue analizar evidencias de validez del Inventario de Antecedentes Familiares de Infracciones (IHIF), un instrumento de autoinforme sobre las infracciones cometidas por las personas y sus familias. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 791 personas, 394 internos y 397 estudiantes universitarios. Con el análisis de componentes principales se identificaron dos componentes, utilizando el análisis paralelo para la retención de componentes: Componente 1 (Infracciones graves); Componente 2 (Infracciones leves). Dichos componentes se agruparon en un Indicador General (IG) con un modelo PLS-SEM, cuya invarianza parcial fue verificada. La estructura y la consistencia interna son razonables. Hubo divergencia en el historial familiar de infracciones y los estilos de crianza. También existen diferencias significativas entre estudiantes universitarios y reclusos en las puntuaciones de los Componentes 1 e IG, cuya gravedad aumenta. El instrumento se mostró prometedor para evaluar la transmisión intergeneracional del comportamiento delictivo. La identificación de descendientes que puedan estar en riesgo de delincuencia permitirá la creación de programas de intervención para familias en riesgo.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Prisioneiros/psicologia , Relações Familiares/psicologia , Transtorno da Personalidade Antissocial/psicologia , Psicometria , Estudantes/psicologia , Universidades , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Ensino Fundamental e Médio , AutorrelatoRESUMO
Este texto apresenta resultados de uma pesquisa que teve como objetivo compreender a atuação da(o) profissional psicóloga(o) no contexto carcerário brasileiro a partir da literatura produzida e publicada nas principais bases de dados vinculadas ao CNPq. Foi realizado um levantamento nas bases de dados no ano de 2020 e selecionados 7 trabalhos para análise. Identificou-se que a maioria das publicações é de 2015, possuindo concentração geográfica maior na região Sudeste. Predominam discussões sobre o papel que a(o) psicóloga(o) deve exercer nesse espaço e qual a sua real atuação. Constatou-se que as práticas mais exercidas por psicólogas(os) no sistema prisional são os atendimentos individuais, a avaliação psicológica e a elaboração de documentos. Considera-se a necessidade de maiores discussões e pesquisas sobre a atuação de psicólogas no contexto carcerário, bem como a realização destas discussões durante a formação em psicologia.
This text presents the results of a research that aimed to understand the role of professional psychologists in the Brazilian prison context, based on the literature produced and published in the main databases linked to the CNPq. A survey was carried out in the databases in the year 2020 and 7 works were selected for analysis. It was identified that most publications are from 2015, with a greater geographic concentration in the Southeast region. Discussions about the role that (o) psychologist (o) should play in this space and what is her real role prevail. It was found that the practices most exercised by psychologists in the prison system are individual care, psychological assessment and preparation of documents. There is a need for further discussions and research on the role of psychologists in the prison context, as well as these discussions during training in psychology.
Assuntos
Humanos , Prisões , Psicologia Criminal/estatística & dados numéricos , Prisioneiros/psicologia , BrasilRESUMO
PURPOSE: Incarcerated women are a vulnerable population in terms of sexual and reproductive health. In French Guiana, most incarcerated women come from unsafe environments and are incarcerated because of drug trafficking. Medical follow-up processes used in prison (medical assessment on arrival, and then two half-days per week upon request but without an obstetrician-gynecologist) does not allow for a thorough assessment of the impact of incarceration on women prisoners' health to take place. In the absence of data, the purpose of this study was to describe incarcerated women's experiences in relation to sexual and reproductive health. DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: Semi-structured interviews were conducted among French-speaking adult women who had been incarcerated for at least four months in a French Guianan prison. Menstruation, contraception, pregnancy, abortion, sexually transmitted infections and sexuality were described by means of interpretative phenomenological analysis. FINDINGS: A total of 14 women were interviewed. They suffered from menstrual cycle disorders, poor hygiene and menstrual insecurity. They appeared to have emotionally disinvested sexuality. However, intra-prison sexual activity existed for some (masturbation, conjugal prison visits, homosexual intercourse between fellow prisoners). Homosexual relations were a source of discrimination. Being pregnant while incarcerated was viewed negatively. A lack of knowledge about sexual and reproductive health and high-risk behaviors such as piercing and tattooing practices were widespread. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: Incarceration is a vulnerable time for women's sexual and reproductive health. Sexual activity exposes women to risks and discrimination that should be taken into account in a multidisciplinary approach adapted to the prison environment.
Assuntos
Prisioneiros , Saúde Reprodutiva , Adulto , Gravidez , Feminino , Humanos , Guiana Francesa , Prisões , Prisioneiros/psicologia , SexualidadeRESUMO
Resumo Objetivo Validar o conteúdo do diagnóstico de enfermagem processos familiares interrompidos em mulheres privadas de liberdade. Métodos Estudo metodológico de validação de conteúdo do diagnóstico de enfermagem processos familiares interrompidos, realizado com 24 especialistas, no período de agosto a dezembro de 2019. Os especialistas foram enfermeiros, psicólogos e assistentes sociais com experiência clínica e teórica na área do estudo. O recrutamento destes ocorreu a partir da plataforma Lattes, do universo relacional do pesquisador e técnica de amostragem "snow ball". Os dados foram analisados pelo programa estatístico R, sendo calculado o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo com base no modelo da diversidade preditiva. Também foram calculados os Intervalos de Confiança de 95% e foi aplicado o teste de Wilcoxon, tendo como valor de referência para a hipótese nula o Índice de Validade de Conteúdo ≥ 0,9. Resultados Foram identificados 12 elementos do diagnóstico em estudo, os quais apresentaram significância estatística, com exceção do item "ausência da figura paterna" o qual foi excluído da proposta diagnóstica. O item "depressão" também foi excluído, conforme sugestão dos especialistas, apesar da significância estatística. Conclusão O conteúdo do diagnóstico de enfermagem processos familiares interrompidos em mulheres privadas de liberdade foi considerado válido pelos especialistas e pode nortear a prática clínica do enfermeiro, sobretudo na operacionalização do Processo de Enfermagem.
Resumen Objetivo Validar el contenido del diagnóstico de enfermería Interrupción de los procesos familiares en mujeres privadas de la libertad. Métodos Estudio metodológico de validación de contenido del diagnóstico de enfermería Interrupción de los procesos familiares, realizado con 24 especialistas, en el período de agosto a diciembre de 2019. Los especialistas fueron enfermeros, psicólogos y asistentes sociales con experiencia clínica y teórica en el campo de estudio. Este reclutamiento se realizó a partir de la plataforma Lattes, del universo relacional del investigador y técnica de muestreo "snow ball". Los datos fueron analizados por el programa estadístico R y el Índice de Validez de Contenido fue calculado con base en el modelo de la diversidad predictiva. También se calcularon los Intervalos de confianza de 95 % y se aplicó la prueba de Wilcoxon, en la que el valor de referencia para la hipótesis fue el Índice de Validez de Contenido ≥ 0,9. Resultados Se identificaron 12 elementos del diagnóstico estudiado que presentaron significación estadística, excepto el ítem "ausencia de la figura paterna" que fue excluido de la propuesta diagnóstica. El ítem "depresión" también fue excluido, de acuerdo con lo sugerido por los especialistas, a pesar de su significación estadística. Conclusión El contenido del diagnóstico de enfermería Interrupción de los procesos familiares en mujeres privadas de la libertad fue considerado válido por los especialistas y puede nortear la práctica clínica del enfermero, sobre todo en la operacionalización del Proceso de Enfermería.
Abstract Objective To validate the Interrupted Family Processes nursing diagnosis content in women deprived of liberty. Methods This is a methodological study to validate the Interrupted Family Processes nursing diagnosis content, carried out with 24 experts, from August to December 2019. Experts were nurses, psychologists and social workers with clinical and theoretical experience in the area of study. These were recruited from the Plataforma Lattes, the researcher's relational universe and snowball sampling technique. Data were analyzed using the R statistical program, and Content Validity Index was calculated based on the predictive diversity model. The 95% Confidence Intervals were also calculated and the Wilcoxon test was applied, having Content Validity Index ≥ 0.9 as a reference value for the null hypothesis. Results Twelve elements of the diagnosis under study were identified, which were statistically significant, with the exception of Father Absence item, which was excluded from the diagnostic proposal. Depression item was also excluded, as suggested by the experts, despite the statistical significance. Conclusion The Interrupted Family Processes nursing diagnosis content in women deprived of liberty was considered valid by the experts and can guide the clinical practice of nurses, especially in the operationalization of the Nursing Process.