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1.
Braz J Biol ; 84: e283665, 2025.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39907328

RESUMO

Cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) cultivation has become a very profitable option due to its high added value. Therefore, using technologies for water control and soil conditioners is a possible way to increase profitability for producers. Thus, the objective of the present study was to assess the effects of irrigation and poultry litter biochar on the vegetative growth of cherry tomato, 'Carolina' cultivar. The experiment was conducted in a semi-protected greenhouse of UAEA/UFCG campus in Campina Grande, PB, Brazil, using a completely randomized design, in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme with 3 replicates and in split plots. The factors studied were four levels of irrigation (70, 80, 90 and 100% of soil field capacity) and four doses of poultry litter biochar (0, 4, 8 and 12 t.ha-1). In the evaluation of plant height in relation to irrigation depth, a percentage increase of 33.19% was observed between the highest and lowest irrigation depths (70% and 100% of field capacity) at the end of the experiment. Regarding stem diameter in relation to irrigation depth variation, there was an increase of 5.5 mm from 47 to 107 days after germination. Poultry litter biochar influenced stem diameter, resulting in a percentage gain of 6.91% between the lowest and highest doses (0 and 12 t.ha-1). For leaf area, there was a percentage increase of 18.1% when comparing the lowest and highest irrigation depths (70% and 100% of field capacity).


Assuntos
Irrigação Agrícola , Carvão Vegetal , Solanum lycopersicum , Solanum lycopersicum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Irrigação Agrícola/métodos , Animais , Aves Domésticas , Esterco
2.
Sci Rep ; 15(1): 3498, 2025 Jan 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39875501

RESUMO

This study investigated plant growth-promoting (PGP) mechanisms in Priestia aryabhattai VMYP6 and Paenibacillus sp. VMY10, isolated from tomato roots. Their genomes were initially assessed in silico through various approaches, and these observations were then compared with results obtained in vitro and in vivo. Both possess genes associated with the production of siderophores, indole acetic acid (IAA) and cytokinins (CKs), all of which have been shown to promote plant growth. The two strains were able to produce these compounds in vitro. Although both genomes harbor genes for phosphorus solubilization, only VMY10 demonstrated this ability in vitro. Genes linked to flagellar assembly and chemotaxis were identified in the two cases. Both strains were able to colonize plant roots, even though VMYP6 lacked motility and no flagella were observed microscopically. In the greenhouse, tomato plants inoculated with the strains showed increased biomass, leaf area, and root length. These findings underscore the importance of integrating in vitro assays, genomic analyses, and plant trials to gain a comprehensive insight into the PGP mechanisms of rhizobacteria like VMYP6 and VMY10. Such insight may contribute to improving the selection of strains used as biofertilizers in tomato, a major crop worldwide.


Assuntos
Paenibacillus , Raízes de Plantas , Rizosfera , Solanum lycopersicum , Solanum lycopersicum/microbiologia , Solanum lycopersicum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Paenibacillus/genética , Paenibacillus/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Paenibacillus/isolamento & purificação , Paenibacillus/metabolismo , Paenibacillus/fisiologia , Raízes de Plantas/microbiologia , Raízes de Plantas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Microbiologia do Solo , Ácidos Indolacéticos/metabolismo , Genômica/métodos , Genoma Bacteriano , Sideróforos/metabolismo , Citocininas/metabolismo , Reguladores de Crescimento de Plantas/metabolismo
3.
Bioelectromagnetics ; 46(2): e22537, 2025 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39876622

RESUMO

Effects of 60 Hz non-uniform electromagnetic fields (EMFs) on the tomato (cv. L-05) seed germination, photosynthesis, and seedling growth under salt stress and laboratory conditions were investigated. A previous trial investigated the impact of salt stress levels (0, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mM NaCl) on tomato seeds, and the 100 mM NaCl level was selected to study the effects of EMFs in attenuating salinity stress on germination, physiology, and growth of tomato seedlings. In the second experiment, untreated seeds and seeds treated with nonuniform EMFs of 2, 4 and 6 mT for 9 min were exposed to a 100 mM NaCl saline solution (SS). The results of the first bioassay showed that the addition of SS drastically reduced the germination percentage (67%), mean germination time (54%), mean germination speed (69%), germination rate index (39%), and germination vigor (78%) of tomato seeds when compared to the control treatment. In the second experimental trial, the effect of pretreatment of tomato seeds with EMFs of 2 or 4 mT for 9 min exposed to SS stress revealed a significant increase in the germination percentage (224%-226%) and germination rate (128%-151%). Salinity stress drastically reduced the tomato seed germination while 60 Hz nonuniform EMFs induced a mitigating response of tomato seeds under salinity stress to improve the germination, photosynthesis, and seedling growth. The 60 Hz nonuniform EMFs of 4mT for 9 min showed the best biological responses under salinity stress. Applied EMFs to tomato seeds protect tomato plants under salinity stress. Bioelectromagnetics. 00:00-00, 2024. © 2024 Bioelectromagnetics Society.


Assuntos
Campos Eletromagnéticos , Germinação , Fotossíntese , Estresse Salino , Plântula , Sementes , Solanum lycopersicum , Solanum lycopersicum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Solanum lycopersicum/fisiologia , Solanum lycopersicum/efeitos da radiação , Germinação/efeitos da radiação , Germinação/efeitos dos fármacos , Fotossíntese/efeitos da radiação , Fotossíntese/efeitos dos fármacos , Plântula/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Plântula/efeitos da radiação , Plântula/fisiologia , Campos Eletromagnéticos/efeitos adversos , Sementes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Sementes/efeitos da radiação , Sementes/efeitos dos fármacos , Cloreto de Sódio/farmacologia
4.
Int J Mol Sci ; 25(23)2024 Nov 23.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39684296

RESUMO

Meloidogyne causes a devastating disease known as root-knot that affects tomatoes and other cash crops worldwide. Conversely, Paraburkholderia tropica has proven beneficial in mitigating the effects of various pathogens in plants. We aimed to unravel the molecular events that underlie the beneficial effects of the bacterium and the detrimental impacts of the nematode when inoculated separately or together in tomato plants. The transcriptional responses induced by P. tropica (TB group (tomato-bacteria group)), Meloidogyne spp. (TN group (tomato-nematode group)) or by the two agents (TBN group (tomato-bacteria-nematode group)) in tomato were assessed by RNA-seq. We implemented a transcript discovery pipeline which allowed the identification of 2283 putative novel transcripts. Differential expression analysis revealed that upregulated transcripts were much more numerous than downregulated ones. At the gene ontology level, the most activated term was 'hydrolase activity acting on ester bonds' in all groups. In addition, when both microbes were inoculated together, 'hydrolase activity acting on O-glycosyl compounds' was activated. This finding suggests defense responses related to lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, membrane remodeling and signal transduction. Notably, defense genes, transcription factors and protein kinases stood out. Differentially expressed transcripts suggest the activation of a multifaceted plant defense response against the nematode occurred, which was exacerbated by pre-inoculation of P. tropica.


Assuntos
Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas , Doenças das Plantas , Solanum lycopersicum , Tylenchoidea , Solanum lycopersicum/parasitologia , Solanum lycopersicum/genética , Solanum lycopersicum/imunologia , Animais , Tylenchoidea/fisiologia , Tylenchoidea/patogenicidade , Doenças das Plantas/parasitologia , Doenças das Plantas/genética , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Perfilação da Expressão Gênica/métodos , Transcriptoma , Proteínas de Plantas/genética , Proteínas de Plantas/metabolismo
5.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 31755, 2024 Dec 30.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39738321

RESUMO

This study assessed the intensity of salt stress in the two tomato varieties by measuring variables associated with the water regime, chlorophyll content, normalized difference vegetation index, gas exchange, and yield. The cultivars Amalia and Claudia, which represent tolerance and susceptibility to salinity, were evaluated. Three treatments were established in plastic pots, using a completely randomized design: T1, saline soil (ECse = 6.9 dS m-1 without QuitoMax application); T2, nonsaline soil (ECse = 0.95 dS m -1 with QuitoMax application); and T3, saline soil (ECse = 6.9 dS m-1) with QuitoMax application. The QuitoMax was applied at a rate of 300 mg L-1, during the flowering phenophase. QuitoMax caused an increase in the variables evaluated in both varieties (tolerant and susceptible) of tomato, with a lower contribution of QuitoMax to the variables related to water regime and the greatest contributions to chlorophyll content and photosynthetic activity. QuitoMax contributed positively to all variables and was superior to stress intensity for most of the variables evaluated in the tolerant variety (Amalia), except for stem thickness and the number of flowers per bunch. In the susceptible variety (Claudia), the five variables of stress intensity exceeded the contribution of QuitoMax, with the strongest effects on osmotic potential, fruit mass, and yield per plant. The present work demonstrates the feasibility of using this biostimulant to increase the tolerance of tolerant varieties and maintain tolerance in tomato varieties susceptible to salinity, reducing the intensity of saline stress and increasing plant performance under salinity conditions.


Assuntos
Clorofila , Estresse Salino , Solanum lycopersicum , Água , Solanum lycopersicum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Solanum lycopersicum/fisiologia , Clorofila/metabolismo , Fotossíntese , Salinidade , Solo/química
6.
Phys Rev E ; 110(5-1): 054201, 2024 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39690585

RESUMO

Nearly half of the bee species can perform a fascinating stereotyped behavior to collect pollen grains by vibrating flowers, known as buzz pollination. During the floral visit, these bees mechanically transfer the vibrations produced by their thoracic indirect flight muscles to the flower anther, inducing the movement of the pollen grains and leading them to be released through a small pore or slit placed at the tip of the anther in poricidal flowers. In such flowers, pollen release is affected by the vibrational behavior of buzzing bees, primarily their duration and velocity amplitude. However, we know little about how poricidal anther morphology may influence it. In this work, we investigated through a theoretical and numerical point of view the buzz pollination process considering a typical poricidal anther of a tomato flower (Solanum lycopersicum), which in our work will be approached by a rectangular billiard, experiencing vibrations applied by a bumblebee (Bombus terrestris). Our primary goals in this paper are (i) to understand the mechanism behind the pollen release in this model, (ii) to observe some scale effects associated with morphological variations of the anther (as pore size and anther shape), and (iii) analyze how these results are related to natural buzz pollination systems.


Assuntos
Flores , Modelos Biológicos , Polinização , Abelhas/fisiologia , Animais , Vibração , Pólen , Solanum lycopersicum/fisiologia
7.
Sensors (Basel) ; 24(23)2024 Nov 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39686157

RESUMO

When urban agriculture is addressed at a family scale, known as urban gardening, it is assumed as a non-commercial activity where some family members voluntarily take care of the plantation during their free time. If technology is going to be used to support such a process, then the solutions should consider the particularities of these gardeners (e.g., life dynamics and culture) to make them adoptable. The literature reports several urban agriculture experiences in Western countries and Southeast Asia; however, this activity has been poorly explored in South American countries, particularly at a family scale and considering the culture and the affordability of the solutions. This article presents an experience report of urban gardening in Peru, where a prototype of an IoT system and a mobile application were conceived, implemented, and used to support the gardening of vegetables at a family scale, considering the cultural aspects of the gardeners. This experience obtained positive results in terms of tomato production, mainly showing the system's capability to self-adapt its behavior to consider the cultivation conditions of these urban gardeners. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first IoT system that can be iteratively adjust its behavior to improve the chances of being adopted by a particular end-user population (i.e., gardeners).


Assuntos
Jardinagem , Solanum lycopersicum , Jardinagem/métodos , Humanos , América Latina , Agricultura , Aplicativos Móveis , Peru
8.
Microb Genom ; 10(10)2024 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39471242

RESUMO

The Actinomycetota (formerly Actinobacteria) genus Clavibacter includes phytopathogens with devasting effects in several crops. Clavibacter michiganensis, the causal agent of tomato bacterial canker, is the most notorious species of the genus. Yet, its origin and natural reservoirs remain elusive, and its populations show pathogenicity profiles with unpredictable plant disease outcomes. Here, we generate and analyse a decade-long genomic dataset of Clavibacter from wild and commercial tomato cultivars, providing evolutionary insights that directed phenotypic characterization. Our phylogeny situates the last common ancestor of C. michiganensis next to Clavibacter isolates from grasses rather than to the sole strain we could isolate from wild tomatoes. Pathogenicity profiling of C. michiganensis isolates, together with C. phaseoli and C. californiensis as sister taxa and the wild tomato strain, was found to be congruent with the proposed phylogenetic relationships. We then identified gene enrichment after the evolutionary event, leading to the appearance of the C. michiganesis clade, including known pathogenicity factors but also hitherto unnoticed genes with the ability to encode adaptive traits for a pathogenic lifestyle. The holistic perspective provided by our evolutionary analyses hints towards a host shift event as the origin of C. michiganensis as a tomato pathogen and the existence of pathogenic genes that remain to be characterized.


Assuntos
Clavibacter , Filogenia , Doenças das Plantas , Solanum lycopersicum , Solanum lycopersicum/microbiologia , Doenças das Plantas/microbiologia , Clavibacter/genética , Actinobacteria/genética , Actinobacteria/classificação , Actinobacteria/isolamento & purificação , Genoma Bacteriano , Evolução Molecular
9.
Viruses ; 16(10)2024 Sep 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39459845

RESUMO

Tomato brown rugose fruit virus (ToBRFV), being a mechanically transmitted disease, is usually difficult to control; therefore, an effective alternative to reduce transmission and replication in the crop is by spraying with chlorine dioxide (ClO2) during routine crop management. In this research, the efficacy of chlorine dioxide (ClO2) for ToBRFV management in a greenhouse and open field was determined. The phytotoxicity of ClO2 and its effective concentration against ToBRFV in Nicotiana longiflora plants were evaluated. Subsequently, the effect of ClO2 on ToBRFV was evaluated in tomato plants grown in an open field. Finally, the effectiveness of ClO2 on plants inoculated with ToBRFV under greenhouse conditions was evaluated and the number of necrotic local lesions (NLLs) was quantified. The results revealed that ClO2 at 760 mg L-1 did not show phytotoxicity and reduced the number of NLLs in N. longiflora plants. It also decreased ToBRFV transmission and replication in field- and greenhouse-grown tomato plants, improving agronomic parameters. ClO2 reduced replication in plants inoculated with different amounts of ToBRFV inoculum in a greenhouse. N. longiflora leaves expressed lower numbers of NLLs when inoculated with ClO2-treated tomato plant extracts. Finally, the results demonstrate that ClO2 represents an effective management alternative when used by direct application to plants. To our knowledge, this is the first study where the use of an antiviral compound is carried out under field and greenhouse conditions.


Assuntos
Antivirais , Compostos Clorados , Óxidos , Doenças das Plantas , Solanum lycopersicum , Solanum lycopersicum/virologia , Solanum lycopersicum/efeitos dos fármacos , Compostos Clorados/farmacologia , Óxidos/farmacologia , Doenças das Plantas/virologia , Doenças das Plantas/prevenção & controle , Antivirais/farmacologia , Nicotiana/virologia , Nicotiana/efeitos dos fármacos , Replicação Viral/efeitos dos fármacos
10.
J Food Sci ; 89(11): 7729-7746, 2024 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39323288

RESUMO

The heat and momentum transfer of tomato puree through a concentric-tube heat exchanger over a range of generalized Reynolds number (0.05 < Re < 66.5) was experimentally and numerically analyzed. Thermophysical and rheological properties of tomato puree (12°Brix) were measured from 20 to 60°C. The velocity, pressure, and temperature were calculated using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software FLUENTTM with temperature-dependent transport properties. The thermal operation of the concentric-tube exchanger was satisfactorily predicted using CFD, indicating accurate measurement of tomato puree properties with temperature variations. A concordance was found between the calculated Fanning friction factor and generalized Reynolds with the experimental correlation. A modified Sieder-Tate correlation was established, which allows properly expressing the Nusselt number as a function of the Peclet number. Simple correlations for the mechanical work and the heat transfer rate as a function of the volumetric flow rate were derived. The thermal efficiency was high at low puree flow rates but decreased with higher rates. However, at high flow rates, ceased its decline, instead showing a slight improvement. The analysis confirmed higher heat transfer rates in the concentric-tube heat exchanger compared to a plain tube at low puree flow rates. The results offer valuable insights for assessing diverse operational conditions in dairy, beverage, sauce, and concentrated food industries. Additionally, they also enhance the analysis and design of concentric-tube heat exchangers. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The knowledge of the rheological and hydrodynamical behavior of fluids in concentric-tube heat exchangers allows to explore a set of different operating conditions to improve the yield and effectiveness on the system heating/cooling design.


Assuntos
Fricção , Temperatura Alta , Reologia , Solanum lycopersicum , Solanum lycopersicum/química , Manipulação de Alimentos/métodos , Hidrodinâmica
11.
Plant Cell Environ ; 47(12): 5343-5357, 2024 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39189962

RESUMO

Methylobacterium sp. 2A, a plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) able to produce indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), significantly promoted the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana plants in vitro. We aimed to understand the determinants of Methylobacterium sp. 2A-A. thaliana interaction, the factors underlying plant growth-promotion and the host range. Methylobacterium sp. 2A displayed chemotaxis to methanol and formaldehyde and was able to utilise 1-aminocyclopropane carboxylate as a nitrogen source. Confocal microscopy confirmed that fluorescent protein-labelled Methylobacterium sp. 2A colonises the apoplast of A. thaliana primary root cells and its inoculation increased jasmonic and salicylic acid in A. thaliana, while IAA levels remained constant. However, inoculation increased DR5 promoter activity in root tips of A. thaliana and tomato plants. Inoculation of this PGPR partially restored the agravitropic response in yucQ mutants and lateral root density was enhanced in iaa19, arf7, and arf19 mutant seedlings. Furthermore, Methylobacterium sp. 2A volatile organic compounds (VOCs) had a dose-dependent effect on the growth of A. thaliana. This PGPR is also able to interact with monocots eliciting positive responses upon inoculation. Methylobacterium sp. 2A plant growth-promoting effects can be achieved through the regulation of plant hormone levels and the emission of VOCs that act either locally or at a distance.


Assuntos
Arabidopsis , Ácidos Indolacéticos , Methylobacterium , Raízes de Plantas , Methylobacterium/fisiologia , Ácidos Indolacéticos/metabolismo , Raízes de Plantas/microbiologia , Raízes de Plantas/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Raízes de Plantas/metabolismo , Arabidopsis/microbiologia , Arabidopsis/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Arabidopsis/genética , Compostos Orgânicos Voláteis/metabolismo , Solanum lycopersicum/microbiologia , Solanum lycopersicum/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Reguladores de Crescimento de Plantas/metabolismo , Quimiotaxia
12.
Braz J Biol ; 84: e281760, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39109721

RESUMO

The escalating demands of a growing population and rising living standards strain the efficiency of traditional agricultural methods in fulfilling consumer nutritional needs. Technological advancements, particularly the introduction of contract farming models, offer a potential path towards addressing these challenges. However, in Iran, contract farming remains an underdeveloped and under-researched agricultural practice. This study delves into the factors influencing the development of contract farming in Iran. Employing a two-level multinomial logit model and data collected through 380 questionnaires administered to farmers in the Kermanshah region, the research reveals income (measured by the number of employed household members) as the primary driver of contract farming adoption. Additionally, factors such as reduced agricultural risk, higher education levels among farmers, improved product sales prices, and proximity to processing facilities positively impact the expansion of contract farming. Interestingly, "push factors" like land scarcity significantly influence non-contract farming participation, with 30.8% of surveyed households relying on these alternative methods. Geographical factors also contribute, explaining 23% of the observed variance in farming activity choices. These findings inform key policy interventions for sustainable contract farming development in Iran: robust legal frameworks and transparent contracts, contract-specific insurance schemes, training for agricultural extension workers, and farmer awareness campaigns.


Assuntos
Agricultura , Fazendeiros , Solanum lycopersicum , Humanos , Irã (Geográfico) , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade
13.
Food Chem ; 460(Pt 3): 140664, 2024 Dec 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39116774

RESUMO

Red Cooked Sauce (RCS) and Red Raw Sauce (RRS) are a mixture of natural crops that have a promising content of bioactive compounds (BC). The aim was to determine the effect of the indigestible fraction (IF) during the colonic fermentation in RCS and RRS by studying the two-way relationship between gut microbiota composition and microbial metabolites produced from BC fermented in the TNO in vitro dynamic model of the human colon (TIM-2). Total BC in undigested and predigested RRS, 957 and 715 mg/100 g DW, respectively, was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than in the RCS, 571 and 406 mg/100 g DW, respectively. Catenibacterium and Holdemanella increased during RCS fermentation, while 13 genera showed a clear positive correlation with most microbial phenolic metabolites. Our findings suggest that the mechanisms, pathways, and enzymes involved in producing microbial metabolites exhibited uniqueness among bacterial taxa, even within shared genus/family classifications.


Assuntos
Bactérias , Fermentação , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Solanum lycopersicum , Bactérias/metabolismo , Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Bactérias/genética , Humanos , Solanum lycopersicum/microbiologia , Solanum lycopersicum/metabolismo , Solanum lycopersicum/química , Colo/microbiologia , Colo/metabolismo
14.
Plant Physiol Biochem ; 214: 108889, 2024 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38954945

RESUMO

Abscisic acid (ABA) is crucial for plant water deficit (WD) acclimation, but how the interplay between ABA and guard cell (GC) metabolism aids plant WD acclimation remains unclear. Here, we investigated how ABA regulates GC metabolism and how this contributes to plant WD acclimation using tomato wild type (WT) and the ABA-deficient sitiens mutant. These genotypes were characterized at physiological, metabolic, and transcriptional levels under recurring WD periods and were used to perform a13C-glucose labelling experiment using isolated guard cells following exogenously applied ABA. ABA deficiency altered the level of sugars and organic acids in GCs in both irrigated and WD plants and the dynamic of accumulation/degradation of these compounds in GCs during the dark-to-light transition. WD-induced metabolic changes were more pronounced in sitiens than WT GCs. Results from the 13C-labelling experiment indicate that ABA is required for the glycolytic fluxes toward malate and acts as a negative regulator of a putative sucrose substrate cycle. The expression of key ABA-biosynthetic genes was higher in WT than in sitiens GCs after two cycles of WD. Additionally, the intrinsic leaf water use efficiency increased only in WT after the second WD cycle, compared to sitiens. Our results highlight that ABA deficiency disrupts the homeostasis of GC primary metabolism and the WD memory, negatively affecting plant WD acclimation. Our study demonstrates which metabolic pathways are activated by WD and/or regulated by ABA in GCs, which improves our understanding of plant WD acclimation, with clear consequences for plant metabolic engineering in the future.


Assuntos
Ácido Abscísico , Solanum lycopersicum , Ácido Abscísico/metabolismo , Ácido Abscísico/farmacologia , Solanum lycopersicum/metabolismo , Solanum lycopersicum/genética , Estômatos de Plantas/metabolismo , Estômatos de Plantas/efeitos dos fármacos , Regulação da Expressão Gênica de Plantas/efeitos dos fármacos
15.
Neotrop Entomol ; 53(5): 1137-1148, 2024 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39026134

RESUMO

Herbivorous insects depend on the host plant to optimize their overall reproductive success, and balanced fertilization may alter the plant's quality against herbivory. Life history traits of the Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) were determined under laboratory conditions using either unfertilized and fertilized plants of bean [Phaseolus vulgaris L. (Fabaceae)], chrysanthemum [Chrysanthemum × morifolium (Asteraceae)], potato [Solanum tuberosum (Solanaceae)], bell pepper [Capsicum annuum (Solanaceae)], and tomato [Solanum lycopersicum (Solanaceae)]. Results indicated that L. trifolii completed development on all studied unfertilized and fertilized plants. Nevertheless, a higher performance of the leaf miner was observed on bean and bell pepper plants compared to the other plants. Furthermore, there was an interaction of the host plant and fertilization with Calcium Aria or Sitam negatively affecting the fitness-related traits of the leaf miner. Application of these fertilizers resulted in delayed immature development of L. trifolii, decreased survival rate, and reduced adult longevity and fecundity. The activity of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), peroxidase (POD), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) enzymes, as well as phenolic, flavonoid, and lignin content were higher in Calcium Aria + Sitam fertilized plants, intermediate in Calcium Aria and Sitam treated plants, and the lower in unfertilized plants. The development and survival of L. trifolii on different host plants, considering fertilization options, become important for deploying cultural control practices against this important pest species.


Assuntos
Dípteros , Herbivoria , Animais , Dípteros/fisiologia , Phaseolus , Chrysanthemum , Fertilizantes , Características de História de Vida , Capsicum , Larva/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Solanum tuberosum , Feminino , Solanum lycopersicum , Longevidade , Fertilidade , Masculino
16.
J Agric Food Chem ; 72(28): 15680-15692, 2024 Jul 17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38973576

RESUMO

Peel and seeds are the main byproducts from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum P. Mill) processing with high concentrations of polyphenols that have been underexploited. Herein, polyphenolic profiles in tomato peel and seeds were elucidated by untargeted liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) with an LTQ Orbitrap analyzer. Samples from two Spanish regions─"Murcia" and "Almería"─were analyzed to obtain complementary results. 57 compounds were found, mainly phenolic acids and flavonoids, of which eight were identified for the first time in tomato. Polyphenols were more abundant in byproducts from "Murcia" samples than in those from"Almería" samples, where the abundance of compounds like coutaric, caffeic, neochlorogenic, dicaffeoylquinic and ferulic acids, vanillic acid hexoside, catechin, naringenin, prunin, apigenin-O-hexoside, rutin, and rutin-O-pentoside was even much higher in byproducts than that in whole fruits. These results reveal the wide range of polyphenols found in tomato byproducts, with potential applications in pharmaceutical research, food preservation, and cosmetic development, among others.


Assuntos
Frutas , Polifenóis , Sementes , Solanum lycopersicum , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem , Solanum lycopersicum/química , Polifenóis/análise , Polifenóis/química , Sementes/química , Espectrometria de Massas em Tandem/métodos , Frutas/química , Cromatografia Líquida de Alta Pressão/métodos , Extratos Vegetais/química , Flavonoides/análise , Flavonoides/química
17.
PLoS One ; 19(7): e0305402, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38985801

RESUMO

Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) causes substantial economic loss to tomato production, and the Sw-5b resistance gene is widely deployed for management. Here, we show (i) the emergence of resistance-breaking (RB) TSWV strains in processing and fresh market tomato production in California over the past ten years, and (ii) evolutionary relationships with RB strains from other areas. A specific RT-PCR test was used to show the C118Y RB strain that emerged in Fresno County in 2016 quickly became predominant in the central production area and remained so through this study. In 2021, the C118Y strain was detected in the Northern production area, and was predominant in 2022. However, in 2023, the C118Y strain was unexpectedly detected in fewer spotted wilt samples from resistant varieties. This was due to emergence of the T120N RB strain, previously known to occur in Spain. A specific RT-PCR test was developed and used to show that the T120N RB strain was predominant in Colusa and Sutter counties (detected in 75-80% of samples), and detected in ~50% of samples from Yolo County. Pathogenicity tests confirmed California isolates of the T120N strain infected Sw-5b tomato varieties and induced severe symptoms. Another RB strain, C118F, was associated with spotted wilt samples of Sw-5 varieties from fresh market tomato production in southern California. Phylogenetic analyses with complete NSm sequences revealed that the C118Y and T120N RB strains infecting resistant processing tomato in California emerged locally, whereas those from fresh market production were more closely related to isolates from Mexico. Thus, widespread deployment of this single dominant resistance gene in California has driven the local emergence of multiple RB strains in different tomato production areas and types. These results further emphasize the need for ongoing monitoring for RB strains, and identification of sources of resistance to these strains.


Assuntos
Resistência à Doença , Doenças das Plantas , Solanum lycopersicum , Tospovirus , Solanum lycopersicum/virologia , Solanum lycopersicum/genética , California , Doenças das Plantas/virologia , Doenças das Plantas/genética , Tospovirus/genética , Tospovirus/patogenicidade , Resistência à Doença/genética , Filogenia
18.
Molecules ; 29(13)2024 Jun 28.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38999031

RESUMO

Tomatoes are well known for their impressive nutritional value among vegetables. However, the industrial processing of tomatoes generates a significant amount of waste. Specifically, 10% to 18% of the raw materials used in tomato processing become waste. This waste can seriously affect ecosystems, such as freshwater bodies, wetlands, rivers, and other natural environments, if not properly managed. Interestingly, tomato waste, specifically the skin, contains lycopene, a potent antioxidant and antimutagenic that offers a range of health benefits. This makes it a valuable ingredient in industries such as food and cosmetics. In addition, researchers are exploring the potential of lycopene in the treatment of various types of cancer. This systematic review, guided by the PRISMA 2020 methodology, examined studies exploring the possibility of tomato peel as a source of lycopene and carotenoids for cancer treatment. The findings suggest that tomato peel extracts exhibit promising anticancer properties, underscoring the need for further investigation of possible therapeutic applications. The compiled literature reveals significant potential for using tomato peel to create new cancer treatments, which could potentially revolutionize the field of oncology. This underscores the importance of continued research and exploration, emphasizing the urgency and importance of the scientific community's contribution to this promising area of study.


Assuntos
Licopeno , Neoplasias , Solanum lycopersicum , Solanum lycopersicum/química , Licopeno/química , Licopeno/farmacologia , Humanos , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/uso terapêutico , Extratos Vegetais/química , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/uso terapêutico , Carotenoides/uso terapêutico , Carotenoides/química , Carotenoides/farmacologia , Animais
19.
Viruses ; 16(6)2024 May 31.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38932180

RESUMO

Viral diseases pose a significant threat to tomato crops (Solanum lycopersicum L.), one of the world's most economically important vegetable crops. The limited genetic diversity of cultivated tomatoes contributes to their high susceptibility to viral infections. To address this challenge, tomato breeding programs must harness the genetic resources found in native populations and wild relatives. Breeding efforts may aim to develop broad-spectrum resistance against the virome. To identify the viruses naturally infecting 19 advanced lines, derived from native tomatoes, high-throughput sequencing (HTS) of small RNAs and confirmation with PCR and RT-PCR were used. Single and mixed infections with tomato mosaic virus (ToMV), tomato golden mosaic virus (ToGMoV), and pepper huasteco yellow vein virus (PHYVV) were detected. The complete consensus genomes of three variants of Mexican ToMV isolates were reconstructed, potentially forming a new ToMV clade with a distinct 3' UTR. The absence of reported mutations associated with resistance-breaking to ToMV suggests that the Tm-1, Tm-2, and Tm-22 genes could theoretically be used to confer resistance. However, the high mutation rates and a 63 nucleotide insertion in the 3' UTR, as well as amino acid mutations in the ORFs encoding 126 KDa, 183 KDa, and MP of Mexican ToMV isolates, suggest that it is necessary to evaluate the capacity of these variants to overcome Tm-1, Tm-2, and Tm-22 resistance genes. This evaluation, along with the characterization of advanced lines using molecular markers linked to these resistant genes, will be addressed in future studies as part of the breeding strategy. This study emphasizes the importance of using HTS for accurate identification and characterization of plant viruses that naturally infect tomato germplasm based on the consensus genome sequences. This study provides crucial insights to select appropriate disease management strategies and resistance genes and guide breeding efforts toward the development of virus-resistant tomato varieties.


Assuntos
Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala , Melhoramento Vegetal , Doenças das Plantas , Vírus de Plantas , Solanum lycopersicum , Doenças das Plantas/virologia , Solanum lycopersicum/virologia , Vírus de Plantas/genética , Vírus de Plantas/isolamento & purificação , Vírus de Plantas/classificação , Genoma Viral/genética , Filogenia , Resistência à Doença/genética , RNA Viral/genética
20.
Viruses ; 16(6)2024 Jun 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38932191

RESUMO

The diversity of Geminiviridae and Alphasatellitidae species in tomatoes was assessed via high-throughput sequencing of 154 symptomatic foliar samples collected from 2002 to 2017 across seven Brazilian biomes. The first pool (BP1) comprised 73 samples from the North (13), Northeast (36), and South (24) regions. Sixteen begomoviruses and one Topilevirus were detected in BP1. Four begomovirus-like contigs were identified as putative novel species (NS). NS#1 was reported in the semi-arid (Northeast) region and NS#2 and NS#4 in mild subtropical climates (South region), whereas NS#3 was detected in the warm and humid (North) region. The second pool (BP2) comprised 81 samples from Southeast (39) and Central-West (42) regions. Fourteen viruses and subviral agents were detected in BP2, including two topileviruses, a putative novel begomovirus (NS#5), and two alphasatellites occurring in continental highland areas. The five putative novel begomoviruses displayed strict endemic distributions. Conversely, tomato mottle leaf curl virus (a monopartite species) displayed the most widespread distribution occurring across the seven sampled biomes. The overall diversity and frequency of mixed infections were higher in susceptible (16 viruses + alphasatellites) in comparison to tolerant (carrying the Ty-1 or Ty-3 introgressions) samples, which displayed 9 viruses. This complex panorama reinforces the notion that the tomato-associated Geminiviridae diversity is yet underestimated in Neotropical regions.


Assuntos
Geminiviridae , Metagenômica , Filogenia , Doenças das Plantas , Solanum lycopersicum , Solanum lycopersicum/virologia , Brasil , Doenças das Plantas/virologia , Geminiviridae/genética , Geminiviridae/classificação , Geminiviridae/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Variação Genética , Genoma Viral , Begomovirus/genética , Begomovirus/classificação , Sequenciamento de Nucleotídeos em Larga Escala
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