Fechamento de comunicação bucossinusal com retalho de corpo adiposo de bochecha: relato de caso clínico / Closure of bucosinusal communication with cheek adipose body flap: Clinical case report

A comunicação bucossinusal (CBS) é uma complicação relativamente frequente na prática odontológica que ocorre em procedimentos cirúrgicos, principalmente, exodontias dos molares superiores. O diagnóstico dessa comunicação é feito através de exames clínicos intraorais, empregando a manobra de Valsava, e para a confirmação do diagnóstico, utiliza-se exame radiográfico. A literatura cita inúmeros métodos de tratamento, entretanto não evidenciam a técnica específica para cada caso, entre esses métodos existe o retalho com o corpo adiposo da bochecha, que apresenta alto índice de sucesso no fechamento das CBS. Quando a CBS é fechada incorretamente ou de forma tardia o paciente fica propício a desenvolver quadros de sinusite crônica ou aguda, além de fístulas bucossinusais. Portanto, deve-se identificar e tratar essa comunicação de imediato para evitar o desenvolvimento de outras complicações. O objetivo do presente trabalho é apresentar um caso clínico de um paciente com comunicação bucossinusal atendido na clínica odontológica da Unidade de Ensino Superior de Feira de Santana (UNEF), com a finalidade de demostrar a técnica cirúrgica utilizando a rotação do corpo adiposo da bochecha (Bola de Bichat).

The bucosinusal communication (BCS) is a relatively frequent complication in dental practice that occurs in surgical procedures, especially extractions of the upper molars. The diagnosis of this communication is made through intraoral clinical examinations, using the Valsava maneuver, and for the confirmation of the diagnosis, radiographic examination is used. The literature cites numerous methods of treatment, however they do not evidence the specific technique for each case, among these methods there is the graft with the adipose body of the cheek, which has a high success rate in the closure of the CBS. When the CBS is closed incorrectly or late, the patient is prone to develop chronic or acute sinusitis, in addition to bucosinusal fistulas. Therefore, this communication should be identified and treated immediately to prevent the development of other complications. The objective of the present study is to present a clinical case of a patient with bucosinusal communication attended at the dental clinic of Unidade de Ensino Superior de Feira de Santana (UNEF), with the purpose of demonstrating the surgical technique using the rotation of the adipose body of the cheek (Bichat ball).

Enhancing adipose tissue functionality in obesity: senotherapeutics, autophagy and cellular senescence as a target.

Obesity, a global health crisis, disrupts multiple systemic processes, contributing to a cascade of metabolic dysfunctions by promoting the pathological expansion of visceral adipose tissue (VAT). This expansion is characterized by impaired differentiation of pre-adipocytes and an increase in senescent cells, leading to a pro-inflammatory state and exacerbated oxidative stress. Particularly, the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and adipose tissue hypoxia further impair cellular function, promoting chronic disease development. This review delves into the potential of autophagy modulation and the therapeutic application of senolytics and senomorphics as novel strategies to mitigate adipose tissue senescence. By exploring the intricate mechanisms underlying adipocyte dysfunction and the emerging role of natural compounds in senescence modulation, we underscore the promising horizon of senotherapeutics in restoring adipose health. This approach not only offers a pathway to combat the metabolic complications of obesity, but also opens new avenues for enhancing life quality and managing the global burden of obesity-related conditions. Our analysis aims to bridge the gap between current scientific progress and clinical application, offering new perspectives on preventing and treating obesity-induced adipose dysfunction.

Phase angle as a potential tool to evaluate chronic inflammatory state and predict quality of life deterioration in women with breast cancer and obesity: A narrative review.

The interaction between lifestyle--defined more specifically in health care as the personal exposome--and its implications on obesity and breast cancer development highlights the critical role of body composition and inflammation in these patients. There is clear evidence that the personal and internal exposome triggers biochemical, inflammatory, and metabolic reprogramming, which might favor ectopic lipid accumulation within the body, such as muscles. Additionally, the presence of excessive adipose tissue exacerbates these alterations in the internal exposome, resulting in cell damage and modifying body composition. Understanding the nexus between these lifestyle-induced exposome modifications, such as inflammation, and the resultant changes in body composition is crucial to assess the association with breast cancer progression and treatment responses. Various techniques can be used to evaluate body composition; one of those most used currently is bioelectrical impedance analysis. This analysis provides parameters, including phase angle (PhA), by which cellular health and metabolic activity can be assessed. In addition, PhA is a potential indicator of nutritional status and disease prognosis, as it has been linked to survival and quality of life in patients with cancer. Therefore, PhA might be used in daily oncology practice to implement an accurate nutritional intervention, reducing side effects and complications of oncology management, and improving quality of life during treatment and survival, even in patients with breast cancer with obesity or overweight. The aim of this review is to analyze the existing information on the current application of PhA in patients with breast cancer and its potential use as a tool to assess inflammatory response, identify malnutrition, and predict the deterioration of quality of life so that it could be proposed as an early indicator for nutritional interventions in this group of patients.

Endothelin-1 down-regulates nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 and contributes to perivascular adipose tissue dysfunction in obesity.

Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) negatively regulates vascular muscle contraction. However, in the context of obesity, the PVAT releases vasoconstrictor substances that detrimentally affect vascular function. A pivotal player in this scenario is the peptide endothelin-1 (ET-1), which induces oxidative stress and disrupts vascular function. The present study postulates that obesity augments ET-1 production in the PVAT, decreases the function of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) transcription factor, further increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, culminating in PVAT dysfunction. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed either a standard or a high-fat diet for 16 weeks. Mice were also treated with saline or a daily dose of 100 mg·kg-1 of the ETA and ETB receptor antagonist Bosentan, for 7 days. Vascular function was evaluated in thoracic aortic rings, with and without PVAT. Mechanistic studies utilized PVAT from all groups and cultured WT-1 mouse brown adipocytes. PVAT from obese mice exhibited increased ET-1 production, increased ECE1 and ETA gene expression, loss of the anticontractile effect, as well as increased ROS production, decreased Nrf2 activity, and downregulated expression of Nrf2-targeted antioxidant genes. PVAT of obese mice also exhibited increased expression of Tyr216-phosphorylated-GSK3ß and KEAP1, but not BACH1 - negative Nrf2 regulators. Bosentan treatment reversed all these effects. Similarly, ET-1 increased ROS generation and decreased Nrf2 activity in brown adipocytes, events mitigated by BQ123 (ETA receptor antagonist). These findings place ET-1 as a major contributor to PVAT dysfunction in obesity and highlight that pharmacological control of ET-1 effects restores PVAT's cardiovascular protective role.

Extracellular vesicles secreted by equine adipose mesenchymal stem cells preconditioned with transforming growth factor ß-1 are enriched in anti-fibrotic miRNAs and inhibit the expression of fibrotic genes in an in vitro system of endometrial stromal cells fibrosis.

Mare endometrosis is a major reproductive problem associated with low fertility and is characterized by persistent inflammation, TGFß-1 signaling, and consequently, extracellular matrix deposition, which compromises endometrial glands. Mesenchymal stem cell-based products (MSCs), such as extracellular vesicles (EVs), have gained attention due to the regulatory effects exerted by their miRNA cargo. Here, we evaluated the impact of preconditioning equine adipose mesenchymal stem cells with TGFß-1 for short or long periods on the anti-fibrotic properties of secreted extracellular vesicles. MSCs were isolated from six healthy horses and exposed to TGFß-1 for 4, 24, and 0 h. The expression of anti-fibrotic and pro-fibrotic miRNAs and mRNAs in treated cells and miRNAs in the cargo of secreted extracellular vesicles was measured. The resulting EVs were added for 48 h to endometrial stromal cells previously induced to a fibrotic status. The expression of anti-fibrotic and pro-fibrotic genes and miRNAs was evaluated in said cells using qPCR and next-generation sequencing. Preconditioning MSCs with TGFß-1 for 4 h enriched the anti-fibrotic miRNAs (mir29c, mir145, and mir200) in cells and EVs. Conversely, preconditioning the cells for 24 h leads to a pro-fibrotic phenotype overexpressing mir192 and mir433. This finding might have implications for developing an EV-based protocol to treat endometrial fibrosis in mares.

Cull guinea pigs: carcass and non-carcass traits in males and females compared to their fattening counterparts.

Culling of guinea pigs can provide a large number of animals per year for meat production, but little information is available in the scientific literature on the carcass characteristics and non-carcass components of these animals. The objective of this study was to evaluate the carcass and non-carcass characteristics of cull guinea pigs in comparison to their fattening counterparts. Forty-eight fattening (3 months-age, 24 females and 24 males) and forty-eight cull (14 months-age, 24 females and 24 males) guinea pigs were slaughtered and carcass yield, linear measurements, tissular composition, and non-carcass components were evaluated. In general, cull guinea pigs had higher carcass, tissue, and non-carcass component weights. Cull male and both female guinea pig groups had similar carcass yields. Cull animals had higher carcass and hind leg lengths, lumbar and thoracic circumferences, and carcass compactness than their young counterparts. However, a sex effect was found for leg compactness depending on whether they were fattened or cull. Tissue percentages values were similar between fattening and culling animals of the same sex. However, females had a higher percentage of fat tissue than males. Fattening females had the best muscle to bone ratio, followed by cull males. The non-carcass elements were more represented in fattening animals than in culls, probably due to an allometric growth of the viscera in relation to the rest of the body. In commercial and cooking terms, this information is valuable for producers and researchers who need to understand the factors that influence carcass characteristics of guinea pigs.

Age-dependent Model for Dynamics of Change in Body Composition Indicators in Professional Firefighters: Serbian Cross-Sectional Study / Modelo Dependiente de la Edad para la Dinámica de Cambio en los Indicadores de Composición Corporal en Bomberos Profesionales: Estudio Transversal Serbio

SUMMARY: The aim of this study was to establish an age-related dynamic of change model for predicting changes in body composition indicators in professional firefighters. The study included a total sample of 145 subjects, comprising professional firefighters from Serbia (Age: 36.6 ± 7.6 yrs., Min - Max: 21.0 - 52.0 yrs.). Four basic variables were analysed: Body Mass - BM, Body Fat Mass - BFM, Skeletal Muscle Mass - SMM, and Visceral Fat Area - VFA, as well as five derived, or index, variables: Body Mass Index - BMI, Percentage of Body Fat - PBF, Percentage of Skeletal Muscle Mass - PSMM, Protein-Fat Index - PFI, and Index of Body - IBC Composition. The results showed a statistically significant dynamic of change as a function of age for eight of the examined variables, while only one (Skeletal Muscle Mass - SMM) was not statistically significant. The highest statistical significance in terms of dynamics of change as a function of age was found for the variable VFA (F = 35.241, p = 000) and the variable PSMM (F = 31.398, p = 0.000). Professional firefighters in Serbia fall into the category of people with normal nutritional indicators. However, due to a dominant increase in visceral fat (VFA) combined with a dominant decrease in the proportion of skeletal muscles in the body (PSMM), it can be concluded that they are exposed to a risk of developing various chronic diseases, while their working conditions, which promote certain negative lifestyle habits, also contribute to the observed increase in body fat components.

El objetivo de este estudio fue establecer un modelo de dinámica de cambio relacionada con la edad para predecir cambios en los indicadores de composición corporal en bomberos profesionales. El estudio incluyó una muestra total de 145 sujetos, incluidos bomberos profesionales de Serbia (Edad: 36,6 ± 7,6 años, mín. - máx.: 21,0 - 52,0 años). Se analizaron cuatro variables básicas: Masa Corporal - MC, Masa Grasa Corporal - MGC, - Masa Muscular Esquelética - MME y Área Grasa Visceral - AGV, así como cinco variables derivadas o indexadas: Índice de Masa Corporal - IMC, Porcentaje de grasa corporal - PGC, porcentaje de masa muscular esquelética - PMME, índice proteína-grasa - IPG e índice de composición corporal - ICC. Los resultados mostraron una dinámica de cambio estadísticamente significativa en función de la edad para ocho de las variables examinadas, mientras que sólo una, MME no fue estadísticamente significativa. La mayor significancia estadística en términos de dinámica de cambio en función de la edad se encontró para la variable AGV (F = 35,241, p = 000) y la variable PMME (F = 31,398, p = 0,000). Los bomberos profesionales de Serbia pertenecen a la categoría de personas con indicadores nutricionales normales. Sin embargo, debido a un aumento dominante de la grasa visceral combinado con una disminución dominante de la PMME, se puede concluir que están expuestos a un riesgo de desarrollar diversas enfermedades crónicas, mientras que las condiciones de trabajo, que promueven ciertos hábitos de vida negativos, también contribuyen al aumento observado de los componentes de la grasa corporal.

Correlación del índice de masa corporal y grosor de tejido adiposo en glúteos / Correlation of body mass index and adipose tissue thickness in glutes

Introducción: Con el aumento de la prevalencia de obesidad, se esperaría un mayor espesor glúteo, lo que sería un factor importante en futuras intervenciones en región glútea con fines de optimizar mejores resultados estéticos. Objetivo: Correlacionar el índice de masa corporal y el grosor de tejido adiposo en glúteos en voluntarias que acudieron al Servicio de Cirugía Plástica y Reconstructiva del Hospital Dr. Miguel Pérez Carreño entre enero a marzo, 2023. Métodos: El estudio fue prospectivo, descriptivo y de corte transversal. Se utilizó un sonógrafo Sono Eye 1 para realizar las medidas del glúteo. Mediante una báscula, se midió peso y talla, para posteriormente calcular el IMC, fueron 29 voluntarias de sexo femenino entre 18 a 60 años, sin antecedentes quirúrgicos estéticos previos. Las correlaciones fueron evaluadas con el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson. Se consideró un valor significativo si p < 0,05. Los datos fueron tabulados con STATA 17. Resultados: La edad promedio fue 39 ± 12 años. La mayoría con preobesidad (55,2 %). No hubo diferencias estadísticas en grosor de tejido adiposo, de musculo y espesor de glúteo de acuerdo a la lateralidad; de acuerdo al coeficiente de correlación de Pearson, el IMC no hubo asociación con las medidas combinadas del glúteo izquierdo y derecho del grosor de tejido graso (r = 0,137), grosor muscular (r = 0,115) y espesor glúteo (r = 0,193). Conclusión: Los cambios de las medidas antropométricas de acuerdo al índice de masa corporal, no presentaron correlación estadística con el espesor glúteo. (AU)

Introduction: With the increasing prevalence of obesity, a greater gluteal thickness would be expected, which would be an important factor in future interventions in the gluteal region aimed at optimizing better aesthetic outcomes. Objective: To correlate the body mass index (BMI) and the thickness of adipose tissue in the buttocks of volunteers who attended the Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Service at Dr. Miguel Pérez Carreño Hospital from January to March, 2023. Methods: The study was prospective, descriptive, and cross-sectional. A Sono Eye 1 sonograph was used to measure the gluteal thickness. Using a scale, weight and height were measured to subsequently calculate the BMI; there were 29 female volunteers aged between 18 and 60 years, without previous aesthetic surgical history. Correlations were assessed using Pearson's correlation coefficient. A significant value was considered if p < 0.05. Data were tabulated using STATA 17. Results: The average age was 39 ± 12 years. The majority had pre-obesity (55,2%). There were no statistical differences in adipose tissue thickness, muscle thickness, and gluteal thickness according to laterality; according to Pearson's correlation coefficient, BMI was not associated with combined measurements of left and right buttock adipose tissue thickness (r = 0,137), muscle thickness (r = 0,115), and gluteal thickness (r = 0,193). Conclusion: Changes in anthropometric measurements according to body mass index did not show a statistical correlation with gluteal thickness. (AU)

Sex-Specific Effects of Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein (CETP) on the Perivascular Adipose Tissue.

Cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) increases the atherosclerosis risk by lowering HDL-cholesterol levels. It also exhibits tissue-specific effects independent of HDL. However, sexual dimorphism of CETP effects remains largely unexplored. Here, we hypothesized that CETP impacts the perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) phenotype and function in a sex-specific manner. PVAT function, gene and protein expression, and morphology were examined in male and female transgenic mice expressing human or simian CETP and their non-transgenic counterparts (NTg). PVAT exerted its anticontractile effect in aortas from NTg males, NTg females, and CETP females, but not in CETP males. CETP male PVAT had reduced NO levels, decreased eNOS and phospho-eNOS levels, oxidative stress, increased NOX1 and 2, and decreased SOD2 and 3 expressions. In contrast, CETP-expressing female PVAT displayed increased NO and phospho-eNOS levels with unchanged NOX expression. NOX inhibition and the antioxidant tempol restored PVAT anticontractile function in CETP males. Ex vivo estrogen treatment also restored PVAT function in CETP males. Moreover, CETP males, but not female PVAT, show increased inflammatory markers. PVAT lipid content increased in CETP males but decreased in CETP females, while PVAT cholesterol content increased in CETP females. CETP male PVAT exhibited elevated leptin and reduced Prdm16 (brown adipocyte marker) expression. These findings highlight CETP sex-specific impact on PVAT. In males, CETP impaired PVAT anticontractile function, accompanied by oxidative stress, inflammation, and whitening. Conversely, in females, CETP expression increased NO levels, induced an anti-inflammatory phenotype, and preserved the anticontractile function. This study reveals sex-specific vascular dysfunction mediated by CETP.

Total Gestational Weight Gain Is Explained by Leptin and Body Fat, Regardless of Pre-Pregnancy Body Mass Index and Other Adipokines, in Mexican Adolescents.

Pre-pregnancy body mass index (pBMI) is a predictor of gestational weight gain (GWG). However, other factors, such as adipokines and inflammation markers, may also be associated with GWG. The aim of the study was to determine the association of leptin, adiponectin, irisin, and C-reactive protein, with GWG in adolescents. A longitudinal study was conducted from 2018 to 2023 in adolescents with a clinically healthy pregnancy. The assessments included sociodemographic and clinical data, pBMI, percent of body fat, serum concentrations of leptin, adiponectin, irisin, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), and total GWG adequacy. Cox regression models were performed, the outcome variables were inadequate and excessive GWG. In 198 participants, being overweight/obesity was marginally associated with a protective effect against inadequate GWG (HR = 0.44, 95%CI = 0.18-1.06), regardless of maternal characteristics and adipokines. Leptin (HR = 1.014, 95%CI = 1.008-1.021), and body fat percent (HR = 1.11, 95%CI = 1.05-1.17) were associated with a higher risk of excessive GWG, independent of other maternal variables such as pBMI, while adiponectin was associated with a lower risk. These findings suggest that, in Mexican adolescents, adipose tissue and its adipokines during pregnancy may play a more significant role in the final GWG than body weight.

Nutriomic Effects of Precision Lipids on Murine Hepatic Triacylglycerol Alterations Induced by High-Fat Diets.

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to investigate if a mixture of functional lipids (FLs), containing conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), tocopherols (TPs), and phytosterols (PSs), prevents some lipid alterations induced by high-fat (HF) diets, without adverse effects. METHODS: Male CF1 mice (n = 6/group) were fed (4 weeks) with control (C), HF, or HF + FL diets. RESULTS: FL prevented the overweight induced by the HF diet and reduced the adipose tissue (AT) weight, associated with lower energy efficiency. After the intervention period, the serum triacylglycerol (TAG) levels in both HF diets underwent a decrease associated with an enhanced LPL activity (mainly in muscle). The beneficial effect of the FL mixture on body weight gain and AT weight might be attributed to the decreased lipogenesis, denoted by the lower mRNA levels of SREBP1-c and ACC in AT, as well as by an exacerbated lipid catabolism, reflected by increased mRNA levels of PPARα, ATGL, HSL, and UCP2 in AT. Liver TAG levels were reduced in the HF + FL group due to an elevated lipid oxidation associated with a higher CPT-1 activity and mRNA levels of PPARα and CPT-1a. Moreover, genes linked to fatty acid biosynthesis (SREBP1-c and ACC) showed decreased mRNA levels in both HF diets, this finding being more pronounced in the HF + FL group. CONCLUSION: The administration of an FL mixture (CLA + TP + PS) prevented some lipid alterations induced by a HF diet, avoiding frequent deleterious effects of CLA in mice through the modulation of gene expression related to the regulation of lipid metabolism.

Ectopic fat in muscle and poor glycemic control are negatively associated with trabecular bone score in type 2 diabetes.

INTRODUCTION: Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is associated with fractures, despite preserved Bone Mineral Density (BMD). This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between BMD and trabecular bone score (TBS) with the reallocation of fat within muscle in individuals with eutrophy, obesity, and T2D. METHODS: The subjects were divided into three groups: eutrophic controls paired by age and sex with the T2D group (n = 23), controls diagnosed with obesity paired by age, sex, and body mass index with the T2D group (n = 27), and the T2D group (n = 29). BMD and body fat percentage were determined using dual-energy X-Ray absorptiometry. TBS was determined using TBS iNsight software. Intra and extramyocellular lipids in the soleus were measured using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RESULTS: TBS was lower in the T2D group than in the other two groups. Glycated hemoglobin (A1c) was negatively associated with TBS. Body fat percentage was negatively associated with TBS and Total Hip (TH) BMD. TH BMD was positively associated with intramuscular lipids. A trend of negative association was observed between intramuscular lipids and TBS. CONCLUSION: This study showed for the first time that the reallocation of lipids within muscle has a negative association with TBS. Moreover, these results are consistent with previous studies showing a negative association between a parameter related to insulin resistance (intramuscular lipids) and TBS.

Eating behavior and dietary practices are associated with age, sex, body mass index, and body fat in individuals with type 2 diabetes and/or hypertension in Brazil.

Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), hypertension, and obesity are major contributors to global mortality. This study aimed to evaluate eating behavior and dietary practices among individuals with T2DM and/or hypertension, examining their associations with sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics. We hypothesized that these factors may contribute to body mass index (BMI) and body fat (BF) levels in these individuals. In a cross-sectional study, adults/older individuals diagnosed with T2DM and/or hypertension were included. Eating behavior was evaluated via Three-factor Eating Questionnaire-R21. Dietary practices were assessed using the Dietary Guidelines for the Brazilian Population (DGBP) questionnaire. Poisson regression examined associations between eating behaviors, dietary practices, and sociodemographic factors. Linear regressions were employed to analyze relationships between eating behavior, dietary practices, BMI, and BF. The study included 275 primarily female (70.5%) participants under 60 years old (54.2%). Male and older participants had a lower prevalence of high scores in the 'emotional eating' (EE; PR: 0.40 [0.25;0.63]) and 'uncontrolled eating' (UE; PR: 0.68 [0.50;0.92]) domains. In contrast, older patients had a higher prevalence of adherence to the DGBP recommendations (PR:1.53 [1.20;1.94]). A positive association was observed between high EE (ß:3.71 [1.98;5.44]) and UE (ß:2.85 [1.15;4.55]) scores and BMI, whereas higher dietary practice scores (ß:-2.19 [-3.88;-0.50]) were negatively associated with BMI. High EE (ß:2.20 [0.38;4.02]) and UE (ß:1.92 [0.17;3.67]) scores were positively associated with BF regardless of the confounding factors included. Higher scores on the dietary practices were inversely associated with BF (ß:-1.94 [-3.67;-0.21]). Understanding dietary behaviors and practices can facilitate a more comprehensive and effective treatment approach.

Proximal humeral fractures: association between displacement and fatty degeneration of the supraspinatus muscle.

INTRODUCTION: To evaluate the relationship between initial displacement in proximal humeral fractures and fatty degeneration of the rotator cuff measured by CT according to the Goutallier classification. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This cross-sectional observational study evaluated patients with proximal humeral fractures over a six-month period. The study included patients ≥ 18 years old with complete radiological views (anteroposterior, lateral, and Grashey) and a CT scan of the affected shoulder; previous fracture or ipsilateral shoulder surgery were excluded. Neer's classification system and Goutallier stages were used to evaluate the patients. Demographic data were collected and, two groups were analysed according to age (≤ 50 years and > 50 years). RESULTS: Sixty-two patients were included (m = 36, f = 26, ratio 1.3:1); seven patients were excluded. Male patients (36, 58.1%), patients older than 50 years (33, 53.2%) and a low-energy injury mechanism (36, 58.1%) were the most frequent cases. According to the Neer system, the most common proximal humerus fracture was fracture-dislocation in 17 (27.4%) cases. The most common stage in Goutallier's classification was I (some fatty streaks) in 22 (35.4%) cases. Younger patients (≤ 50 years) had more displaced fractures with low fatty degeneration (p = < 0.001) than older patients (> 50 years), who had minimally displaced fractures with greater fatty degeneration (p = 0.567). CONCLUSIONS: High-energy mechanisms are associated with younger patients and a more displaced fracture according to the Neer classification. Older patients had a more advanced Goutallier stage and lesser displaced fracture. We should consider a more aggressive approach in the treatment of non-displaced fractures in elderly patients, less conservative and more surgical management, to obtain a better clinical evolution after the treatment of these kinds of fractures. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.

Evidence That Peripheral Leptin Resistance in Omental Adipose Tissue and Liver Correlates with MASLD in Humans.

Leptin regulates lipid metabolism, maximizing insulin sensitivity; however, peripheral leptin resistance is not fully understood, and its contribution to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is unclear. This study evaluated the contribution of the leptin axis to MASLD in humans. Forty-three participants, mostly female (86.04%), who underwent cholecystectomy were biopsied. Of the participants, 24 were healthy controls, 8 had MASLD, and 11 had metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH). Clinical and biochemical data and the gene expression of leptin, leptin receptor (LEPR), suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3), sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor 1 (SREBF1), stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1), and patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing protein 2 (PNPLA2), were determined from liver and adipose tissue. Higher serum leptin and LEPR levels in the omental adipose tissue (OAT) and liver with MASH were found. In the liver, LEPR was positively correlated with leptin expression in adipose tissue, and SOCS3 was correlated with SREBF1-SCD1. In OAT, SOCS3 was correlated with insulin resistance and transaminase enzymes (p < 0.05 for all. In conclusion, we evidenced the correlation between the peripheral leptin resistance axis in OAT-liver crosstalk and the complications of MASLD in humans.

Deciphering Key microRNA Regulated Pathways in Tissue-Engineered Blood Vessels: Implications for Vascular Scaffold Production.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs involved in the regulation of gene expression associated with cell differentiation, proliferation, adhesion, and important biological functions such as inflammation. miRNAs play roles associated with the pathogenesis of chronic degenerative disorders including cardiovascular diseases. Understanding the influence of miRNAs and their target genes can effectively streamline the identification of key biologically active pathways that are important in the development of vascular grafts through the tissue engineering of blood vessels. To determine miRNA expression levels and identify miRNA target genes and pathways with biological roles in scaffolds that have been repopulated with adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) generated through tissue engineering for the construction of blood vessels. miRNA quantification assays were performed in triplicate to determine miRNA expression in a total of 20 samples: five controls (natural inferior vena cava), five scaffolds recellularized with ASCs and differentiated into the endothelium (luminal layer), five samples of complete scaffolds seeded with ASCs differentiated into the endothelium (luminal layer) and smooth muscle (extraluminal layer), and five samples of ASC without cell differentiation. Several differentially expressed miRNAs were identified and predicted to modulate target genes with roles in key pathways associated with angiogenesis, vascular system control, and endothelial and smooth muscle regulation, including migration, proliferation, and growth. These findings underscore the involvement of these pathways in the regulatory mechanisms that are essential for vascular scaffold production through tissue engineering. Our research contributes to the knowledge of miRNA-regulated mechanisms, which may impact the design of vascular substitutes, and provide valuable insights for enhancing clinical practice. The molecular pathways regulated by miRNAs in tissue engineering of blood vessels (TEBV) allowed us to elucidate the main phenomena involved in cellular differentiation to constitute a blood vessel, with the main pathways being essential for angiogenesis, cellular differentiation, and differentiation into vascular smooth muscle.

Full-body resistance training promotes greater fat mass loss than a split-body routine in well-trained males: A randomized trial.

While significant progress has been made in understanding the resistance training (RT) strategy for muscle hypertrophy increase, there remains limited knowledge about its impact on fat mass loss. This study aimed to investigate whether full-body is superior to split-body routine in promoting fat mass loss among well-trained males. Twenty-three participants were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 groups: full-body (n = 11, training muscle groups 5 days per week) and split-body (n = 12, training muscle groups 1 day per week). Both groups performed a weekly set volume-matched condition (75 sets/week, 8-12 repetition maximum at 70%-80 % of 1RM) for 8 weeks, 5 days per week with differences only in the routine. Whole-body and regional fat were assessed using DXA at the beginning and at the end of the study. Full-body RT elicited greater losses compared to split-body in whole-body fat mass (-0.775 ± 1.120 kg vs. +0.317 ± 1.260 kg; p = 0.040), upper-limb fat mass (-0.085 ± 0.118 kg vs. +0.066 ± 0.162 kg; p = 0.019), gynoid fat mass (-0.142 ± 0.230 kg vs. +0.123 ± 0.230 kg; p = 0.012), lower-limb fat mass (-0.197 ± 0.204 kg vs. +0.055 ± 0.328 kg; p = 0.040), and a trend in interaction in android fat mass (-0.116 ± 0.153 kg vs. +0.026 ± 0.174 kg; p = 0.051), with large effects sizes (η2 p ≥ 0.17). This study provides evidence that full-body is more effective in reducing whole-body and regional fat mass compared to split-body routine in well-trained males.

Detection of phthalate esters and targeted metabolome analysis in Franciscana dolphin (Pontoporia blainvillei) blubber in the coast of Santa Catarina, southern Brazil.

The concerning of plastic pollution in different ecosystems has been worsened by the widespread presence. Phthalate esters (PAEs), plasticizers found in everyday products, can migrate into the environment, especially into the oceans. Researches on their effects on cetaceans are still rare. Metabolomics helps assess perturbations induced by exposure to PAEs, which act as persistent endocrine disruptors. Four PAEs (dimethyl phthalate - DMP, diethyl phthalate - DEP, dibutyl phthalate - DBP, and di(2-ethylhexyl phthalate - DEHP) were analyzed, along with cholesterol and fatty acid profiles of P. blainvillei's blubber samples collected in southern Brazil. The study reveals pervasive contamination by PAEs - especially DEHP, present in all samples - with positive correlations between DEP content and animal size and weight, as well as between the DEHP amount and the C17:1 fatty acid. These findings will be relevant to conservation efforts aimed at this threatened species and overall marine ecosystems.

Dietary supplementation with black cricket (Gryllus assimilis) reverses protein-energy malnutrition and modulates renin-angiotensin system expression in adipose tissue.

Edible insects are recognized as promising food sources due to their nutritional composition. Some species, such as Gryllus assimilis, contain proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates of high biological value, which regulate several metabolic functions, including the Renin-Angiotensin System (RAS). In this context, the present study aimed to assess the effects of dietary supplementation with whole Gryllus assimilis powder on the metabolism of malnourished mice. Thirty-two male Swiss mice were used and divided into four treatment groups. The groups were identified as (AIN93-M); AIN93-M + Gryllus assimilis diet (AIN93-M + GA); AIN93-M + Renutrition diet (AIN93-M + REN) and AIN93-M + Renutrition diet + Gryllus assimilis (AIN93-M + REN + GA). The results showed that whole Gryllus assimilis powder inclusion promotes recovery from protein-energy malnutrition, reduces adiposity, and improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. It also reduces total cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL, and adipocyte area. We also observed a significant increase in the expression of RAS-related genes, such as ACE2 and MasR, followed by a reduction in Angiotensinogen and ACE. The main findings of the present study suggest the use of black cricket as a viable strategy for the prevention and treatment of protein-energy malnutrition, as well as the reduction of adiposity, and improvement of lipid and glycemic parameters, with antihypertensive potential.

Interleukin-10 deficiency induces thoracic perivascular adipose tissue whitening and vascular remodeling.

Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) is an adipose layer, surrounding blood vessels, with a local modulatory role. Interleukin-10 (IL-10) has been shown to modulate vascular tissue. This study aimed to characterize the endogenous role of IL-10 in vascular remodeling, and PVAT phenotyping. Thoracic aortic segments from control (C57BL/6J) and IL-10 knockout (IL-10-/-) male mice were used. Analyzes of aorta/PVAT morphometry, and elastin, collagen and reticulin deposition were performed. Tissue uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) was accessed by Western blotting. Endogenous absence of IL-10 reduced total PVAT area (p = 0.0310), and wall/lumen ratio (p = 0.0024), whereas increased vascular area and thickness (p < 0.0001). Total collagen deposition was augmented in IL-10-/-, but under polarized light, the reduction of collagen-I (p = 0.0075) and the increase of collagen-III (p = 0.0055) was found, simultaneously with reduced elastic fibers deposition (p = 0.0282) and increased deposition of reticular fibers (p < 0.0001). Adipocyte area was augmented in the IL-10 absence (p = 0.0225), and UCP1 expression was reduced (p = 0.0420). Moreover, relative frequency of white adipose cells and connective tissue was augmented in IL-10-/- (p < 0.0001), added to a reduction in brown adipose cells (p < 0.0001). Altogether, these data characterize aorta PVAT from IL-10-/- as a white-like adipocyte phenotype. Endogenous IL-10 prevents vascular remodeling and favors a brown-like adipocyte phenotype, suggesting a modulatory role for IL-10 in PVAT plasticity.