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1.
Respirar (Ciudad Autón. B. Aires) ; 16(4): 373-382, Dic.2024.
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS, UNISALUD, BINACIS | ID: biblio-1580623

RESUMO

Introducción: El control de la tuberculosis requiere procesos renovados de monitoreo y evaluación.Objetivo: Analizar la notificación y las brechas de la tuberculosis en países latinoamericanos y caribeños en 2021.Métodos: Aplicación de un modelo renovado de categorización del control utilizando las tasas de notificación de casos de cada país y las brechas con relación a las tasas estimadas. La versión simplificada contiene siete categorías y la detallada incluye subcategorías. Se calcularon los porcentajes y la mediana de las tasas de los países para cada categoría simplificada, el menor valor fue referencia para calcular las diferencias absolutas y relativas. A partir de la razón de detección, se aplicó una escala de calificación y se obtuvo la correlación entre las tasas de notificación. Las categorías de control insuficiente fueron contrastadas con las categorías de control casi-satisfactorio, control satisfactorio y ultracontrol. Resultados: De los 40 países que notificaron casos de tuberculosis a la OMS en 2021, 15 (37,5%) estaban en la categoría de control insuficiente; 2 (5%) en pre-eliminación y 4 (10%) en eliminación. La desigualdad absoluta fluctuó desde 31,8 por 100.000 en control insuficiente hasta 2,5 en ultra-control, mayor que en la referencia. La correlación realizada fue débil, al encontrarse los puntos de la dispersión alejados de la recta y más cercanos a cero. Conclusiones: La categorización puede aplicarse a todos los países y al interior de ca-da uno para valorar el progreso "paso a paso" del control hacia la eliminación de la tuberculosis como problema de salud pública.


Introduction: Tuberculosis control requires renewed monitoring and evaluation processes. Objective: To analyse tuberculosis notification and gaps in Latin American and Caribbean countries in 2021.Methods: Application of a revamped control categorisation model using each country's case notification rates and gaps in relation to estimated rates. The implified version contains seven categories and the detailed version includes subcategories. Percentages and median country rates were calculated for each simplified category, the lowest value being the reference for calculating absolute and relative differences. From the detection ratio, a rating scale was applied and the correlation between reporting rates was obtained. The categories of poor control were contrasted with the categories of near-satisfactory control, satisfactory control and ultracontrol.Results: Of the 40 countries that reported tuberculosis cases to WHO in 2021, 15 (37.5%) were in the poor control category; 2 (5%) in pre-elimination and 4 (10%) in eli-mination. The absolute inequality ranged from 31.8 per 100,000 in insufficient control to 2.5 in ultra-control, higher than the baseline. The correlation performed was weak, as the points of the dispersion were far from the straight line and closer to zero. Conclusions: The categorisation can be applied across and within countries to assess 'step-by-step' progress in control towards elimination of tuberculosis as a public health problem.


Assuntos
Humanos , Tuberculose/prevenção & controle , Saúde Pública , Planos e Programas de Saúde , Incidência , Estudos Transversais , Região do Caribe , Notificação de Doenças , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , América Latina
2.
Washington, D.C.; OPS; 2024-11-08. (OPS/CDE/HT/24-0020).
em Espanhol | PAHO-IRIS | ID: phr-62060

RESUMO

Esta es una comunicación rápida que se publica antes de la actualización de las directrices consolidadas de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) prevista para principios del 2025, con el fin de informar a los programas nacionales de tuberculosis (TB) y a otras partes interesadas de los cambios clave en el tratamiento de la DR-TB y permitir una transición y una planificación rápidas a nivel nacional. Las directrices basadas en la evidencia más recientes sobre el tratamiento de la TB y la TB farmacorresistente, incluida la TB-RR/MDR y la TB pre-XDR, fueron publicadas por la OMS en mayo del 2022 (Directrices unificadas de la OMS sobre la tuberculosis). Es necesario el acceso a los esquemas de tratamiento y a los medicamentos más eficaces para optimizar los resultados del tratamiento al tiempo que se reducen al mínimo los eventos adversos, se mejora la tolerabilidad y la calidad de vida, y se previene la aparición de nuevas farmacorresistencias. En los últimos años han aparecido varios medicamentos nuevos y esquemas acortados (de 4 o 6 meses) que la OMS recomienda para el tratamiento de la TB y la TB-DR. En los últimos años, los investigadores han estado probando combinaciones y duraciones del uso de medicamentos para tratar la TB-RR/MDR que aún no han sido evaluadas por un grupo de elaboración de directrices de la OMS. Entre estos tratamientos se encuentra un nuevo esquema de 6 meses con bedaquilina (B), delamanid (D) y linezolid (L) en combinación con levofloxacina (Lfx), clofazimina (C) o ambos (ensayo clínico BEAT sobre la TB en Sudáfrica, NCT04062201) y un grupo de esquemas de 9 meses para el tratamiento de personas con TB-RR/MDR sin resistencia a las fluoroquinolonas (ensayo clínico endTB, NCT02754765). La evidencia obtenida en estos ensayos se ha notificado a la OMS, y se convocó un grupo de elaboración de directrices para examinar esta nueva evidencia sobre el tratamiento de la TB-RR/MDR y la TB pre XDR, con el fin de garantizar el acceso de las personas que reúnen los criterios para las opciones de tratamiento más recientes. Estas actualizaciones incluyen un nuevo régimen de 6 meses basado en bedaquilina (B), delamanida (D) y linezolid (L), en combinación con levofloxacino (Lfx) o clofazimina (C), o ambos, y un grupo de regímenes de 9 meses para el tratamiento de pacientes con TB-MDR/RR sin resistencia a las fluoroquinolonas.


Assuntos
Tuberculose , Tuberculose Resistente a Múltiplos Medicamentos , Doenças Transmissíveis , Tratamento Farmacológico
3.
Washington, D.C.; OPS; 2024-10-28. (OPS-W/CDE/HT/24-0019).
Não convencional em Espanhol | PAHO-IRIS | ID: phr-61976

RESUMO

En esta comunicación rápida, la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) presenta las actualizaciones sobre el diagnóstico de la tuberculosis (TB), con especial atención al uso concurrente de pruebas en adultos y adolescentes que viven con el VIH y en niños, incluidos los niños que viven con el VIH: el uso concurrente de la prueba molecular en muestras respiratorias y la LF-LAM en orina para el diagnóstico de la tuberculosis en adultos y adolescentes con VIH ha mejorado la precisión y moderado los costes en comparación con la prueba única el uso concurrente de pruebas moleculares en muestras respiratorias y heces para el diagnóstico de la tuberculosis en niños ha mejorado la precisión y los requisitos de costes moderados en comparación con las pruebas individuales.


Assuntos
Tuberculose , Testes Diagnósticos de Rotina , Tuberculose Pulmonar , Resistência a Medicamentos
4.
Washington, D.C.; OPS; 2024-10-11.
em Espanhol | PAHO-IRIS | ID: phr-61826

RESUMO

La importancia de la participación de la comunidad y la sociedad civil para acabar con la tuberculosis se ha destacado en diversas estrategias y compromisos mundiales. La Estrategia Fin a la Tuberculosis de la OMS, alineada con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de las Naciones Unidas, hace hincapié en el papel de las comunidades y la sociedad civil para poner fin a la epidemia de tuberculosis para 2030. Además, la declaración política de la Reunión de Alto Nivel de las Naciones Unidas sobre la TB de 2023 destaca la necesidad de garantizar servicios de salud centrados en las personas, con una participación significativa de las comunidades en todo el espectro de la respuesta a la TB. Esta guía fue desarrollada en colaboración con la sociedad civil y otros socios, con el fin de fortalecer aún más el compromiso y aprovechar las capacidades de las comunidades y la sociedad civil en línea con la Estrategia Hacia el Fin de la TB. La orientación hace hincapié en la complementariedad de los sistemas de salud y los sistemas comunitarios; las funciones clave que deben desempeñar las personas afectadas por la TB en la planificación, la toma de decisiones, la ejecución y el seguimiento; y el papel de los ministerios de salud y sus PNCT. Subraya la importancia de una financiación justa y sostenible y de un entorno político para la participación de la comunidad y la sociedad civil. Su objetivo es orientar a las comunidades y a todas las partes interesadas del sistema sanitario para que colaboren en la erradicación de la TB y refuercen la atención centrada en las personas. Las partes interesadas en las respuestas nacionales a la TB son los ministerios de salud, otros ministerios gubernamentales, el sector privado, la sociedad civil y las comunidades afectadas, las instituciones académicas y de investigación, las organizaciones de la sociedad civil y las ONG.


Assuntos
Tuberculose , Participação da Comunidade , Prioridades em Saúde , Política de Saúde , Comportamento Cooperativo , Agentes Comunitários de Saúde , Voluntários , Organizações
5.
Washington, D.C.; PAHO; 2024-10-03. (EIH/HA/24-0006).
Não convencional em Inglês | PAHO-IRIS | ID: phr-61784

RESUMO

The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO/WHO) has published Health in the Americas (HIA) since 1954, focusing on one of the Organization's main mandates related to collecting and disseminating information on health conditions and trends in the countries and territories of the Americas and the Caribbean. The proposed topic for the 2024 Health in the Americas is to highlight the advances the Americas Region has made with the Elimination Initiative 30+, a policy for an integrated sustainable approach committed to eliminating more than 30 communicable diseases and related conditions by 2030. 


Assuntos
Erradicação de Doenças , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero , Cólera , Fatores de Risco , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas , HIV , Tuberculose , Doenças Transmitidas por Vetores , Desigualdades de Saúde , América , Região do Caribe
6.
Washington, D.C.; Organisation panaméricaine de la Santé; 2024-10-03. (OPS/EIH/HA/24-0006).
Não convencional em Francês | PAHO-IRIS | ID: phr-61783

RESUMO

L'Organisation panaméricaine de la santé publie La santé dans les Amériques depuis 1954, en se concentrant sur l'un des principaux mandats de l'Organisation lié à la collecte et à la diffusion d'informations sur les conditions et les tendances sanitaires dans les pays et territoires des Amériques et les Caraïbes. Le thème proposé pour la Santé dans les Amériques en 2024 est de mettre en lumière les progrès réalisés par la Région des Amériques avec l'Initiative d'élimination 30+, une politique pour une approche durable intégrée engagée à éliminer plus de 30 maladies transmissibles et affections associées d'ici 2030.  


Assuntos
Erradicação de Doenças , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero , Cólera , Fatores de Risco , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas , HIV , Tuberculose , Doenças Transmitidas por Vetores , Desigualdades de Saúde , América , Região do Caribe
7.
Washington, D.C.; OPAS; 2024-10-03. (EIH/HA/24-0006).
Não convencional em Português | PAHO-IRIS | ID: phr-61782

RESUMO

A Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde publica Saúde nas Américas desde 1954, concentrando-se em um dos principais mandatos da Organização relacionado à coleta e divulgação de informações sobre condições e tendências de saúde nos países e territórios das Américas e o Caribe. O tema proposto para o Saúde nas Américas 2024 é destacar os avanços que a Região das Américas obteve com a Iniciativa de Eliminação 30+, uma política para uma abordagem sustentável integrada comprometida em eliminar mais de 30 doenças transmissíveis e condições relacionadas até 2030.  


Assuntos
Erradicação de Doenças , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero , Cólera , Fatores de Risco , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas , HIV , Tuberculose , Doenças Transmitidas por Vetores , Desigualdades de Saúde , América , Região do Caribe
8.
Washington, D.C.; OPS; 2024-10-03. (OPS/EIH/HA/24-0006).
Não convencional em Espanhol | PAHO-IRIS | ID: phr-61781

RESUMO

La Organización Panamericana de la Salud publica Salud en las Américas desde 1954, centrándose en uno de los principales mandatos de la Organización relacionado con la recopilación y difusión de información sobre las condiciones y tendencias de salud en los países y territorios de las Américas y el caribe. El tema propuesto para Salud en las Américas 2024 es resaltar los avances que la Región de las Américas ha logrado con la Iniciativa de Eliminación 30+, una política para un enfoque integrado sostenible comprometido a eliminar más de 30 enfermedades transmisibles y condiciones relacionadas para 2030.  


Assuntos
Erradicação de Doenças , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero , Cólera , Fatores de Risco , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas , HIV , Tuberculose , Doenças Transmitidas por Vetores , Desigualdades de Saúde , América , Região do Caribe
9.
Washington, D.C.; PAHO; 2024-10-03.
Não convencional em Inglês | PAHO-IRIS | ID: phr-61689

RESUMO

The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) has published Health in the Americas (HIA) since 1954, focusing on one of the Organization's main mandates related to collecting and disseminating information on health conditions and trends in the countries and territories of the Americas and the Caribbean. The proposed topic for the 2024 Health in the Americas is to highlight the advances the Americas Region has made with the Elimination Initiative 30+, a policy for an integrated sustainable approach committed to eliminating more than 30 communicable diseases and related conditions by 2030.  


Assuntos
Erradicação de Doenças , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero , Cólera , Fatores de Risco , Transmissão Vertical de Doenças Infecciosas , HIV , Tuberculose , Doenças Transmitidas por Vetores , Desigualdades de Saúde , América , Região do Caribe
10.
Washington D. C; Organización Panamericana de la Salud; 1 ed; Oct. 2024. 37 p. ilus.
Monografia em Espanhol | MINSAPERÚ, LIPECS | ID: biblio-1577307

RESUMO

La presente guía fue desarrollada con el fin de fortalecer aún más el compromiso y aprovechar las capacidades de las comunidades y la sociedad civil en línea con la estrategia hacia el fin de la tuberculosis. La orientación hace hincapié en la complementariedad de los sistemas de salud y los sistemas comunitarios; las funciones clave que deben desempeñar las personas afectadas por la tuberculosis en la planificación, la toma de decisiones, la ejecución y el seguimiento; y el papel de los ministerios de salud, otros ministerios gubernamentales, el sector privado, la sociedad civil y las comunidades afectadas, las instituciones académicas y de investigación, las organizaciones de la sociedad civil y las ONGs


Assuntos
Humanos , Tuberculose , Sistemas de Saúde , Agentes Comunitários de Saúde , Participação da Comunidade , Política de Saúde , Prioridades em Saúde
11.
Washington D.C; Organización Panamericana de la Salud; 1 ed; Oct. 2024. 57 p. ilus.
Monografia em Espanhol | MINSAPERÚ, LIPECS | ID: biblio-1578909

RESUMO

La presente publicación describe los objetivos generales, las estrategias y las intervenciones prioritarias, y proporciona orientación sobre cómo se coordinan entre sectores. Está destinada a ser utilizada en el desarrollo de planes estratégicos independientes contra la tuberculosis o intervenciones contra la tuberculosis como parte de planes para múltiples enfermedades o del sector de la salud. Asimismo, las consideraciones y pasos clave para la planificación estratégica de la tuberculosis en línea con la estrategia de fin a la tuberculosis


Assuntos
Humanos , Tuberculose , Tuberculose Pulmonar , Planejamento Estratégico , Estratégias de Saúde , Controle de Infecções
12.
Washington D. C; Organización Panamericana de la Salud; 3 ed; Oct. 2024. 49 p. ilus.
Monografia em Espanhol | MINSAPERÚ, LIPECS | ID: biblio-1579068

RESUMO

La presente tercera edición (denominada "hoja de ruta del 2023") de la Hoja de ruta para poner fin a la tuberculosis en la población infantil y adolescente es una actualización de las versiones de la Hoja de ruta del 2013 y del 2018. La versión 2023 reconoce los progresos realizados en los últimos cinco años y describe las prioridades y las acciones clave diseñadas para acelerar el progreso hacia los objetivos elaborados durante el evento. Se espera que la aplicación de estas medidas clave a nivel subnacional, nacional, regional y mundial en el contexto de la cobertura universal de salud permita encontrar y tratar más casos de enfermedad o infección por Tuberculosis en la población infantil y adolescente, a fin de prevenir la tuberculosis, mejorar los resultados del tratamiento y prevenir la discapacidad asociada a la tuberculosis. La hoja de ruta del 2023 se mantiene el fuerte énfasis en la tuberculosis infantil, al tiempo que se destaca la importancia de abordar la tuberculosis en la población adolescente y, por primera vez, en las mujeres durante el embarazo o el puerperio


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Criança , Adolescente , Tuberculose , Tuberculose Pulmonar , Saúde da Criança , Saúde do Adolescente , Cobertura Universal de Saúde
13.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis ; 18(10): e0012565, 2024 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39405342

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Tuberculosis (TB) treatment demands strict adherence to multidrug regimens. Directly Observed Therapy (DOT) poses challenges, especially regarding adherence. With the popularization of smartphones, Video-Observed Therapy (VOT) has emerged as a promising alternative, allowing healthcare providers to remotely supervise patients taking their medications via video calls. OBJECTIVES: This systematic review critically assesses VOT's effectiveness compared to DOT, focusing on adherence, treatment costs, time spent supervising treatment, and patient satisfaction, aiming to optimize TB supervision methods worldwide. METHODS: Only studies that met the following criteria were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review: randomized trials; studies that compared VOT to DOT; studies involving patients diagnosed with pulmonary or extrapulmonary tuberculosis; studies that reported any of the desired outcomes; full-text articles available for review; and studies conducted in the English language. We excluded studies with the following attributes: studies that lacked a control group; case series or case reports; and previous systematic reviews. The search engines and databases MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane were used to find studies comparing Video-Observed Therapy (VOT) to Directly Observed Therapy (DOT). The following search phrases were used to look for papers that contained them in their title or abstract: ("Electronic Directly Observed Therapy" OR "Video-observed therapy" OR "Telemedicine" OR "Wirelessly observed therapy" OR "Smartphone-enabled video-observed") AND ("TUBERCULOSIS"). RESULTS: A systematic review of the literature revealed the following findings: in all Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs), video-observed therapy (VOT) demonstrated non-inferiority in terms of treatment adherence compared to traditional directly observed therapy (DOT); VOT reduced costs where these outcomes were assessed in the RCTs; the use of VOT reduced the amount of time healthcare professionals spent supervising treatment in RCTs evaluating this aspect; VOT contributed to higher treatment satisfaction in RCTs where this outcome was measured. CONCLUSION: In this systematic review we emphasize the importance of Video-Observed Therapy (VOT) in the digital age for patients that have access to internet. Our findings show that VOT is comparable to DOT in terms of treatment adherence, but it is also cost-effective, improves patient satisfaction and takes less time for healthcare professionals to supervise.


Assuntos
Terapia Diretamente Observada , Adesão à Medicação , Satisfação do Paciente , Tuberculose , Humanos , Tuberculose/tratamento farmacológico , Antituberculosos/uso terapêutico , Antituberculosos/economia , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Telemedicina/economia
14.
Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz ; 119: e240093, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39383403

RESUMO

Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be the world's leading killer of infectious diseases. Despite global efforts to gradually reduce the number of annual deaths and the incidence of this disease, the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic caused decreased in TB detection and affected the prompt treatment TB which led to a setback to the 2019 rates. However, the development and testing of new TB vaccines has not stopped and now presents the possibility of implanting in the next five years a new vaccine that is affordable and might be used in the various key vulnerable populations affected by TB. Then, this assay aimed to discuss the main vaccines developed against TB that shortly could be selected and used worldwide, and additionally, evidence the Brazilian potential candidates' vaccines in developing in Brazil that could be considered among those in level advanced to TB end.


Assuntos
Vacinas contra a Tuberculose , Tuberculose , Desenvolvimento de Vacinas , Humanos , Brasil , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Tuberculose/prevenção & controle , Tuberculose/epidemiologia
15.
Medicina (B Aires) ; 84(5): 992-996, 2024.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39399942

RESUMO

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is currently considered a public health problem due to the socioeconomic conditions of the world population and the increase in other infections such as that due to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Pulmonary involvement is the most common form of clinical presentation, although in recent decades extrapulmonary involvement has increased. Among these, digestive disorders represent less than 10%. We present a case of exclusive pancreatic tuberculosis, in the context of an immunocompromised patient. A 43-year-old man with a history of HIV with a low CD4 count and high viral load, without antiretroviral treatment, with one-month history of symptoms characterized by low-grade fever associated with weight loss and nonspecific abdominal pain. An abdominal tomography was performed which showed a collection in the tail of the pancreas; the puncture revealed material with positive culture for M. tuberculosis. Antifimic and antiretroviral treatment was started with a good response. Primary pancreatic tuberculosis is an uncommon extrapulmonary form, given that it is a gland that would be biologically protected by the enzymes it produces. We highlight the rarity of the case and although the prognosis is good with anti-tuberculosis treatment, it could be fatal without correct diagnosis and treatment. The high index of suspicion of pancreatic tuberculosis by the physician and the performance of fine needle aspiration puncture to obtain histopathological evidence are important for a correct diagnosis, especially in HIV patients.


La tuberculosis es una enfermedad infectocontagiosa producida por el Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Actualmente se considera un problema de salud pública debido a las condiciones socioeconómicas de la población mundial y al incremento de otras infecciones causantes de inmunosupresión, como el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (HIV). La afección pulmonar es la forma de presentación clínica más frecuente aunque en las últimas décadas el compromiso extrapulmonar se ha visto incrementado. Dentro de este la afección digestiva representa menos del 10%. Presentamos un caso de localización exclusivamente pancreática en un paciente inmunocomprometido. Varón de 43 años HIV positivo, con bajo recuento de CD4 y alta carga viral, sin tratamiento antirretroviral, consultó por cuadro de un mes de evolución caracterizado por registros subfebriles asociado a pérdida de peso y dolor abdominal inespecífico. Se realizó tomografía de abdomen la cual arrojó colección en cola de páncreas, y posteriormente punción del material con rescate en cultivo de M. tuberculosis. Se inició tratamiento antifímico y antirretroviral con buena respuesta al mismo. La tuberculosis pancreática primaria es una forma extrapulmonar infrecuente, dado que es una glándula que estaría biológicamente protegida por las enzimas que origina. Destacamos la infrecuencia del caso y aunque el pronóstico es bueno con el tratamiento antifímico, podría ser fatal sin un diagnóstico y tratamiento correctos. El alto índice de sospecha de tuberculosis pancreática por parte del médico y la realización de punción aspiración con aguja fina (PAAF) para obtener evidencia histopatológica son importantes para un diagnóstico correcto, especialmente en pacientes HIV.


Assuntos
Pancreatopatias , Humanos , Adulto , Masculino , Pancreatopatias/diagnóstico por imagem , Tuberculose/diagnóstico , Tuberculose/tratamento farmacológico , Tuberculose/diagnóstico por imagem , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/isolamento & purificação , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/diagnóstico , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/tratamento farmacológico , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Infecções por HIV/complicações
16.
Am J Trop Med Hyg ; 111(6): 1259-1264, 2024 Dec 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39353413

RESUMO

Chronic mastitis varies in etiology between its lactational and nonlactational forms and can be challenging to diagnose. This study aimed to assess the epidemiological profile and diverse etiologies of nonlactational mastitis in Amazonas, Brazil, focusing on distinguishing between tuberculous mastitis (TM) and idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM). This is a retrospective and prospective study that was carried out at the mastitis outpatient clinic of Fundação de Medicina Tropical Doutor Heitor Vieira Dourado from 2013 to 2021 and evaluated epidemiological data, imaging, and laboratory tests. Descriptive statistics were performed. In this retrospective and prospective analysis, 124 medical records were initially considered, with 12 excluded for various reasons. The remaining 112 cases underwent thorough evaluation through epidemiological data, imaging, and laboratory tests, by employing descriptive statistics for analysis. The pathology revealed a predominant prevalence of IGM (64.3%), followed by various forms of mastitis, including confirmed TM (4.5%), presumable TM (8.9%), and others. Our findings indicate that IGM, though a rare cause of breast masses and abscesses, accounts for a significant portion of mastitis cases. Histopathological studies were essential for diagnosis, with ultrasound being the primary imaging tool. This study is one of the largest Brazilian series on nonlactational mastitis, highlighting the condition's complexity and diverse manifestations in the Amazon region.


Assuntos
Mastite , Humanos , Feminino , Brasil/epidemiologia , Adulto , Estudos Retrospectivos , Mastite/epidemiologia , Mastite/diagnóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mastite Granulomatosa/epidemiologia , Mastite Granulomatosa/diagnóstico , Mastite Granulomatosa/patologia , Adulto Jovem , Tuberculose/epidemiologia , Tuberculose/diagnóstico , Prevalência
17.
Inquiry ; 61: 469580241288429, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39367791

RESUMO

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a global public health problem. Coinfections in HIV patients are frequent complications that increase their mortality. The aim of this study was to assess coinfections and in-hospital mortality in a group of patients infected with HIV in Colombia. A retrospective longitudinal study was carried out. Patients treated in 4 highly complex clinics in Colombia between 2015 and 2023 were included. The cases were identified from International Classification of Diseases codes related to HIV. Sociodemographic, clinical, laboratory and pharmacological variables were collected. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariable analyses were performed. Of the 249 patients identified, 79.1% were men, and the median age was 38.0 years. Approximately 81.1% had a diagnosis of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Coinfections caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (24.1%) and Treponema pallidum (20.5%) were the most frequent. A total of 20.5% of the patients had sepsis, 12.4% had septic shock, and the fatality rate was 15.7%. Antibiotics and antifungals were used in 88.8% and 53.8%, respectively, of the patients. Patients with a diagnosis of HIV before admission, those infected with M. tuberculosis, and those who presented with sepsis were more likely to die, whereas patients who received antiretroviral agent treatment before admission presented a lower risk. In this study, most HIV patients were in an advanced stage of the disease. Coinfection with M. tuberculosis was common and was associated with an increased risk of death. Previous HIV diagnosis and sepsis also increased the risk. Approximately half of the patients with a previous HIV diagnosis were receiving antiretroviral therapy and had a better prognosis.


Assuntos
Coinfecção , Infecções por HIV , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Estudos Longitudinais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por HIV/mortalidade , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Colômbia/epidemiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/mortalidade , Síndrome da Imunodeficiência Adquirida/complicações , Tuberculose/mortalidade , Tuberculose/epidemiologia
18.
Rev Esc Enferm USP ; 58: e20240431, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês, Português | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39378167

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To identify vulnerability factors associated with unsuccessful tuberculosis treatment outcomes between 2011 and 2021 in Manaus, Amazonas. METHOD: Ecological study using tuberculosis case notification data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System, from 2011 to 2021, of residents in Manaus. The variables refer to treatment outcomes and patient vulnerability, according to the theoretical model: individual, programmatic and social. The analysis tested the association between vulnerability and tuberculosis treatment non-success, measured by the occurrence of death, loss to follow-up or treatment default. The Odds Ratio estimate with confidence interval was obtained by logistic regression, according to a hierarchical model. RESULTS: The following factors were more likely to lead to unsuccessful tuberculosis treatment: individual vulnerability (age group 20 to 29 years and over 60 years, indigenous race, HIV+, drug use); programmatic vulnerability (not having an HIV test), social vulnerability (special population). CONCLUSION: Individual vulnerability was more strongly associated with non-success. Intervention is needed to explore the points of greatest individual vulnerability, enabling effective action to prevent unsuccessful tuberculosis treatment.


Assuntos
Falha de Tratamento , Tuberculose , Humanos , Adulto , Brasil , Masculino , Tuberculose/tratamento farmacológico , Adulto Jovem , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Feminino , Adolescente , Populações Vulneráveis , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Lactente , Idoso , Fatores de Risco
19.
Results Probl Cell Differ ; 74: 341-364, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39406913

RESUMO

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis (TB) was first identified in 1882 by Robert Koch, and it is estimated that this pathogen has been around for as long as 3 million years.The World Health Organization (WHO) reported that in 2022 alone an estimated 10.6 million people developed TB worldwide, making TB the world's second leading cause of death from a single infectious agent, just after coronavirus disease (COVID-19), despite TB being a preventable and usually curable disease.Moreover, epidemiological studies suggest that approximately a quarter of the global population has been infected with TB bacteria, of which 5-10% will eventually develop symptoms and TB disease. Poverty, obesity, diabetes, and alcohol use contribute to the burden of TB.Alveolar macrophages play a pivotal role in the clearance of airborne pathogenic microorganisms and are the primary target of M. tuberculosis.Macrophage activity depend on metabolism and circadian rhythmicity, and mitochondria are a central hub that coordinates the communication between metabolism, circadian rhythmicity, and the immune system.Recent evidence has thrown light on how M. tuberculosis metabolism may regulate macrophage activity and the overall host responses to M. tuberculosis infection.This chapter explores how all these biological domains relate to each other, highlighting the multidimensional nature of TB, and positioning macrophages at center stage.


Assuntos
Ritmo Circadiano , Macrófagos , Mitocôndrias , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Tuberculose , Humanos , Tuberculose/imunologia , Ritmo Circadiano/fisiologia , Mitocôndrias/metabolismo , Macrófagos/microbiologia , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Macrófagos/imunologia , Animais
20.
J Bras Pneumol ; 50(4): e20240082, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39356910

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Many biologic agents cause some degree of immunosuppression, which can increase the risk of reactivation of tuberculosis infection (TBI). This risk is variable between individual biologics. We aimed to assess current (and recommended) clinical practice of TBI screening and treatment among patients initiating treatment with biologic agents. METHODS: An online questionnaire was distributed via email to members of the Global Tuberculosis Network and associated professional organisations to seek insights into the screening for and treatment of TBI in patients treated with biologics. RESULTS: A total of 163 respondents in 27 countries answered at least one question. For all biologics described in the questionnaire, respondents advised increasing screening relative to current practice. Observed and supported TBI screening rates in patients treated with TNF-a inhibitors were high, especially for older TNF-a inhibitors. Most participants supported TBI screening in patients treated with B- or T-cell inhibitors but not in those treated with interleukin inhibitors. Guideline awareness was higher for TNF-a inhibitors than for other biologic classes (79% vs. 34%). CONCLUSIONS: Although respondents stated that TBI screening rates are lower than what they consider ideal, there was a tendency to recommend TBI screening in patients treated with biologics not known to be associated with an increased risk of TBI. As a result, there is a potential risk of over-screening and over-treatment of TBI, potentially causing harm, in patients treated with biologics other than TNF-a inhibitors. There is a need to research the risk of TBI associated with biologics and for guidelines to address the spectrum of TBI risk across all types of biologics.


Assuntos
Programas de Rastreamento , Humanos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Programas de Rastreamento/métodos , Produtos Biológicos/uso terapêutico , Produtos Biológicos/efeitos adversos , Tuberculose , Fatores de Risco , Tuberculose Latente/diagnóstico , Tuberculose Latente/tratamento farmacológico
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