Evaluating malocclusion patterns in children with autism spectrum disorder using the index of complexity, outcome and need: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the complexity of malocclusion and existing patterns in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) using the index of complexity, outcome and need (ICON). METHODS: This cross-sectional study included children diagnosed with ASD, aged 9-15 years. A group of healthy children with the same demographic characteristics was randomly selected as the control group. Malocclusion was assessed according to ICON scoring protocol. The following parameters were recorded: dental aesthetics, upper arch crowding/spacing, presence of crossbite, anterior-vertical relationship (open and deep bite) and buccal segment anterior-posterior relationship. Finally, an overall ICON score was derived and reported for each patient. Descriptive analysis was performed for all investigated variables. Significance level was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: A total of 324 children, divided into ASD (162) and control (162) groups, comprised the study population. Our results demonstrated that the average overall ICON score was significantly higher in the ASD group compared to the control group (38.77 vs. 27.43, p < 0.001). ASD children also obtained significantly higher scores regarding the dental aesthetics component (3.84 vs 2.78, p < 0.001). Study groups were significantly different in terms of the prevalence of incisor overbite and open bite (p = 0.002 and p < 0.001, respectively). Patients in the ASD group showed a higher prevalence of Class II and Class III malocclusions (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: ASD children obtained significantly higher overall ICON scores, indicating more complex and severe malocclusions. These children also exhibited a greater tendency towards Class II and III malocclusions.

Impact of Invisalign® first system on molar width and incisor torque in malocclusion during the mixed dentition period.

In orthodontic treatment of patients during the mixed dentition period, arch expansion and opening deep overbite are one of the objectives to achieve proper alignment of the teeth and correction of sagittal and vertical discrepancies. However, the expected outcomes of most therapeutic regimens are not clear, making it impossible to standardize early treatment effects. Therefore, this study was designed to evaluate the impact of the Invisalign® First System on the dental arch circumference and incisor inclination in patients during the mixed dentition period. A total of 21 children during the mixed dentition period (10 females and 11 males, with an average age of 8.76 years) were included in this study. The patients received non-extraction treatment through Invisalign® First System clear aligners, and no other auxiliary devices were used except Invisalign® accessories. Subsequently, the cooperation degree of patients during treatment and the oral measurement parameters at the beginning (T1) and the end (T2) of treatment were collected. All patients showed moderate/good cooperation degree during treatment. Besides, horizontal width of the maxillary first molar increased significantly; the designed arch expansion was 4.1 mm (±1.4 mm), while the actual arch expansion was 3.0 mm (±1.7 mm). Furthermore, the torque expression rate of upper anterior teeth reached 56.53%. Invisalign® First System clear aligners can effectively correct the teeth of patients during the mixed dentition period, widen the circumference of dental arch, and control the torque of incisors.

Clear aligner therapy practices among orthodontists practicing in Canada.

BACKGROUND: The acceptability and preference for clear aligner therapy (CAT) has been increasing among orthodontists, but there is still a lack of consensus regarding CAT best practices. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate CAT practices among orthodontists practicing in Canada. METHODS: The survey was conducted among orthodontists practicing in Canada using a modified previously published survey. Sixty orthodontists participated (6.1% response rate). It consisted of 11 sections with open and closed questions related to demographic information and particularities about using or not using CAT. The survey responses were exported from REDCap to a Microsoft Excel (Microsoft, Redmond, Wash) spreadsheet, then statistically analyzed using SPSS software (SPSS for Windows, version 21.0; IBM Inc., Armonk, NY, USA). The comments were categorized under themes and subthemes. Data were organized in descriptive statistics, expressing frequencies and percentages. RESULTS: Almost 30% of the orthodontist's annual caseload was treated with CAT, most frequently prescribed to adult patients. Case complexity and patient cooperation were the factors that most influenced the decision to prescribe CAT. Almost half of orthodontists reported sometimes combining CAT with adjunctive fixed appliances. CONCLUSIONS: Most orthodontists prescribe CAT, and its use is based on the malocclusion's complexity. Orthodontists who do not prescribe CAT believe that fixed appliance therapy has superior treatment outcomes.

A Cross-Sectional Survey of the Use of Clear Aligners by General Dentists in Australia.

OBJECTIVES: The primary aim of the investigation was to survey clear aligner therapy (CAT) use among general dentists in Australia. A secondary aim was to evaluate the factors that influenced general dentists in Australia not to provide CAT. MATERIAL AND METHODS: General dentists registered with the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency were invited to participate in a structured cross-sectional electronic survey. The survey covered demographics, preferred CAT systems and practices, relevant treatment planning and retention protocols, patient-reported CAT issues, pertinent respondent opinions, and reasons for not providing CAT. Descriptive statistics were computed via GraphPad Prism v10 (GraphPad Software Inc., La Jolla, CA, USA). RESULTS: Most of the 264 (n = 172; 65.2%) respondents indicated that they provided CAT. The majority (n = 82; 58.6%) reported that they treated between 1 and 20 patients with CAT annually. Invisalign was the most used system (n = 83; 61.2%), with 55 (41.7%), indicating that they used more than one system. Most (n = 124; 98.4%) were comfortable using CAT for mild crowding, whereas 73.4% (n = 94) were not comfortable in treating severe crowding with CAT. The median (IQR) number of patients per respondent treated with extraction of a permanent incisor or premolar was 0 (0). Issues regarding tooth positions were reportedly always or mostly in need of change in the initial treatment plan by 68.7%. Problems regarding patient compliance with CAT wear protocols (n = 67; 45.6%) and the predictability of treatment outcomes (n = 31; 21.1%) were the most identified themes of the free-text comments. Over 80% of those who did not provide CAT indicated that they preferred to refer to an orthodontist for management. CONCLUSION: Almost two-thirds of the respondents provided CAT. Invisalign was the most used system. The majority use CAT combined with nonextraction treatment. Most of those who did not provide CAT preferred to refer to an orthodontist for patient management.

A digitalized analysis of incisal changes among orthodontically treated patients: A retrospective comparative study.

Background: To compare incisor angulation and/or position changes among orthodontically treated patients with metal brackets and clear aligners. Methods: A total of sixty-two participants of both sexes, aged-16-40 years old, with CL I skeletal pattern and mild crowding following strict eligibility criteria were included. The patients were divided into two groups based on their treatment approach. Pre and post lateral cephalograms were collected from Riyadh Elm University (REU) and then digitally analyzed using WEBCEPH (Medical Image Analysis) software. Eight angular and two linear measurements were used for the assessment. Results: The upper incisor angulation and position showed statistically significant differences when orthodontic clear aligners were used. In contrast, no significant difference was observed with the conventional orthodontic treatment. However, the upper incisal palatal root torque decreased after clear aligner therapy compared to conventional treatment. The inter-incisal angle demonstrated a significant increase with clear aligners compared to conventional treatment. Conclusions: The current study revealed the importance of definitive guidelines upon and after treatment, in addition to determining incisor changes. Orthodontic clear aligners are distinct from conventional treatments in controlling the incisors' angulation and position. The expansion treatment modality precedes Interproximal reduction in increasing the arch perimeter.

Comparative evaluation of transverse width indices for diagnosing maxillary transverse deficiency.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to compare and evaluate different transverse width indices for diagnosing maxillary transverse deficiency (MTD), a common malocclusion characterized by uncoordinated dental arches, crossbites, and tooth crowding. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty patients aged 7-12 years were included in the study, with 20 patients diagnosed with MTD and 40 normal controls. Transverse width indices, including maxillary width at the buccal alveolar crest and lingual midroot level, as well as at the jugal process width, were measured. Differences between these indices and their corresponding mandibular indices were used as standardized transverse width indices. The reference range of these indices was determined and evaluated. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to evaluate their diagnostic ability. RESULTS: The transverse width indices and standardized transverse width indices of the MTD group were significantly smaller than those of the control group, except for the jugal process width. The evaluation of the reference range and ROC analysis revealed that the difference of the maxillomandibular width at buccal alveolar crest was the most accurate diagnostic method. CONCLUSIONS: The jugal point analysis method may not be suitable for diagnosing MTD. Instead, measuring the difference in maxillomandibular width at the buccal alveolar crest proves to be a more reliable and accurate diagnostic method for MTD.

Pain-related analysis on a resorbed ridge with various denture occlusal schemes using finite element method.

Resorbed alveolar ridges, particularly in the lower jaw, have a small denture supporting area, which may cause the stress distribution of mastication load to exceed the pressure-pain threshold (PPT) and induce pain in the mucosa or potentially worsen the ridge resorption. Thus, choosing the ideal occlusal scheme among bilateral balanced (BBO), lingualized (LO), and monoplane (MO) for such conditions becomes crucial. The experiment was conducted using the finite element method on a modeling of a resorbed alveolar ridge in the lower jaw with three dentures placed on top, each of which was given different loading points according to the tooth arrangement of BBO, LO, and MO. The axial load was 100 N, and the resultant oblique loads on BBO and LO were 119 N and 106 N, respectively. The von Mises stresses for BBO, LO, and MO were observed in nine denture-supporting areas, and the results showed that the axial load did not produce stresses that exceeded the PPT value (0.64925 MPa) for BBO, LO, and MO with the highest value on area H, 0.43229 MPa, 0.39715 MPa, and 0.31576 MPa, respectively. However, the oblique load direction showed that the BBO had more areas (area E 0.80778 MPa and area H 0.76256 MPa) that exceeded the PPT than LO (area E 0.64394 MPa). The lingualized occlusal scheme is ideal for patients with resorbed alveolar ridge conditions, especially in terms of limiting interferences when the denture is functioning while maintaining comfort but still providing good masticatory performance and satisfactory esthetics.

Craniosynostosis: orofacial and oral health perspectives with masticatory insights.

BACKGROUND: Craniosynostosis (CS), premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures, leads to abnormal skull development, impacting both facial esthetics and oral function. This study aimed to evaluate the specific orofacial and oral health characteristics, including masticatory performance, in Thai patients with CS. METHODS: A comparative study was conducted with Thai CS patients aged 6-17 years and a control group of healthy individuals with similar age distribution. Assessments included craniofacial morphology, oral health status, and masticatory performance. Intergroup comparisons utilized appropriate statistical tests. RESULTS: The study included 24 CS patients with a mean age of 10.11 ± 2.98 years and 30 controls. CS patients exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of various oral conditions compared to controls: cleft palate (20.8%), anterior open bite (41.7%), anterior crossbite (54.2%), posterior crossbite (50%), combined anterior-posterior crossbite (45.8%), dental crowding in both maxilla and mandible (50% and 45.8% respectively), congenitally missing teeth (50%), supernumerary teeth (12.5%), and eruption failure (54.2%). Furthermore, CS patients exhibited significantly higher caries prevalence and susceptibility, alongside poorer oral hygiene, compared to controls. Regarding jaw relationships, CS patients exhibited a significantly higher proportion of Angle's Class III malocclusion (50%) compared to the control group, where Class I malocclusion was predominant (50%). Masticatory performance, assessed using the two-color gum mixing ability test, showed significantly higher hue variance in CS patients (0.12 ± 0.07) compared to the control group, indicating reduced chewing performance. CONCLUSION: This study underscores the significant orofacial and oral health challenges faced by children with CS, including a high prevalence of malocclusions, dental anomalies, elevated caries experience, and compromised masticatory function. These findings emphasize the importance of tailored interventions and comprehensive oral healthcare strategies to address the unique needs of this population and improve their overall quality of life.

Virtual bracket removal: a comparative assessment of different software packages.

BACKGROUND: High precision intra-oral scans, coupled with advanced software, enable virtual bracket removal (VBR) from digital models. VBR allows the delivery of retainers and clear aligners promptly following debonding, thus reducing the patients' appointments and minimizing the likelihood of tooth movement. The objective of this study was to compare the enamel surface before bonding and after VBR using three different Computer-aided design (CAD) software and to compare their accuracy. METHODS: Maxillary scans of 20 participants starting orthodontic treatment were selected for inclusion in the study, who exhibited mild to moderate crowding and required bonding of brackets on the labial surface of permanent maxillary teeth (from the maxillary left first molar to the maxillary right first molar). Two intra-oral scans were conducted on the same day, before bonding and immediately after bonding using CEREC Omnicam (Sirona Dental Systems, Bensheim, Germany). The virtual removal of the brackets from the post-bonding models was performed using OrthoAnalyzer (3Shape, Copenhagen, Denmark), Meshmixer (Autodesk, San Rafael, Calif, USA), and EasyRx (LLC, Atlanta, GA, USA) software. The models that underwent VBR were superimposed on the pre-bonding models by Medit Link App (Medit, Seoul, South Korea) using surface-based registration. The changes in the enamel surface following VBR using the three software packages were quantified using the Medit Link App. RESULTS: There was a significant difference among the 3Shape, Meshmixer, and EasyRx software in tooth surface change following VBR. Specifically, EasyRx exhibited lower levels of accuracy compared to the other two VBR software programs (p<.001, p<.001). A significant difference in enamel surface change was observed between tooth segments across all software groups, in both incisors and molars, with VBR of the molars exhibiting the lowest level of accuracy (3Shape p=.002, Meshmixer p<.001, EasyRx p<.001). Regarding the direction of tooth surface changes following VBR, it was observed that all three groups exhibited a significant increase in the percentage of inadequate bracket removal across all teeth segments. CONCLUSIONS: 3Shape and Meshmixer manual VBR software were found to be more accurate than EasyRx automated software, however, the differences were minimal and clinically insignificant.

The relationship of anterior occlusion and skeletal variables with the frontal sinus index: An analytical cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship of anterior occlusion and skeletal variables with the frontal sinus index. METHODS: The retrospective, analytical, cross-sectional, study was conducted from July to November 2020 at Dr Ishratul- Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences and Dow Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, and comprised data from 2015 to 2018 related to pre-treatment lateral cephalograms for determining frontal sinus index and other cephalometric variables. The dental casts were observed for incisor classification. Patients with Class I incisors formed the comparison group, while the rest comprised 5 malocclusion groups. The frontal sinus was traced, and the sinus index was calculated. Data was analysed using STATA 15 and R 3.5.1. RESULTS: Of the 240 subjects, there were 40(16.66%) in each of the 6 groups; 155(64.6%) females and 85(35.4%) males. The mean age of the sample was 21.33±3.52 years (range: 16-29 years). The mean sinus index was higher in all malocclusion groups than the comparison group, but it was significantly higher only in Class II division 2 and anterior open bite groups (p<0.05). The only exception to the trend was Class II division 1 with and without contact in which the value was lower (p>0.05). The anterior cranial base length, sella-nasion mandibular plane angle, and upper incisor palatal plane angle significantly affected the frontal sinus index (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The frontal sinus index could be considered an indicator of harmonious anterior occlusion.

Modifications of the articular eminence inclination in association with the loss of occlusal support in the molar area. A cone-beam computed tomography study.

The articular eminence (AE) is part of the temporal component of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The inclination of the AE (AEI) has an important role in TMJ biodynamics, influencing the path of movement of the disc-condyle complex. Although AEI values might change due to tooth loss, little is known about what effect could have the loss of occlusal support in the molar area on AE morphology. AEI was measured on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 41 patients (82 TMJs) with or without occlusal support in the molar region. The patients included in this study were divided into four groups: (1) patients with maintained occlusal support in the molar areas on both sides (right and left side) (MM); (2) patients with loss of occlusal support in the molar areas on both sides (right and left side) (LL); (3) patients with loss of occlusal support in the molar area only on the right side, but with maintained occlusal support on the left molar area (LM); (4) patients with loss of occlusal support in the molar area only on the left side, but with maintained occlusal support in the right molar area (ML). AEI values were higher in the TMJs on the side with maintained occlusal support in the molar area (M) than the AEI values measured in TMJs from the side with loss of occlusal support in the molar area (L). AEI values on the right side were higher in the MM patients in comparison to the AEI values on the right side of LL patients. The loss of occlusal support in the molar areas changes the mandibular biodynamics, which might be reflected in the morphological changes at the AE level, where it might cause flattening of the articular slope predominantly on the right side.

Predictive modelling of freeway space utilising clinical history, normalised muscle activity, dental occlusion, and mandibular movement analysis.

This study aimed to predict dental freeway space by examining the clinical history, habits, occlusal parameters, mandibular hard tissue movement, soft tissue motion, muscle activity, and temporomandibular joint function of 66 participants. Data collection involved video-based facial landmark tracking, mandibular electrognathography, surface electromyography of mandibular range of motion, freeway space, chewing tasks, phonetic expressions, joint vibration analysis, and 3D jaw scans of occlusion. This resulted in a dataset of 121 predictor features, with freeway space as the target variable. Six models were trained on synthetic data ranging from 500 to 25,000 observations, with 65 original observations reserved for testing: Linear Regression, Random Forest, CatBoost Regressor, XGBoost Regressor, Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network (MPNN), and TabNet. Explainable AI indicated that key predictors of freeway space included phonetics, resting temporalis muscle activity, mandibular muscle activity during clenching, body weight, mandibular hard tissue lateral displacements, and dental arch parameters. CatBoost excelled with a test error of 0.65 mm using 5000 synthetic data points, while a refined MPNN achieved the best performance with 25,000 synthetic data points and 121 unique predictors, yielding an absolute error of 0.43 mm on the 65 original observations.

Comparison of chairside rectangular chain retainers and multi-stranded conventional retainers: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: While retention appliances are widely used in orthodontics, there is still no evidence-based consensus regarding the optimal type of appliance or time of retention. OBJECTIVES: To compare chairside rectangular chain retainers, which can be placed in one sitting, with conventional multi-stranded bonded retainers regarding their levels of stability, biological side effects, complications, and patient experiences. TRIAL DESIGN: A single-centre, two-arm, parallel-group randomized controlled trial. METHODS: In total, 48 patients were included in this single-centre, randomized controlled trial conducted in Varberg, Region Halland, Sweden. The patients were randomized to two groups: the chairside rectangular chain retainer group, using the Ortho FlexTech retainer (OFT); and the conventional retainer group, using the 0.0195 Penta One multi-stranded spiral wire (PeO). The primary outcome was Little´s irregularity index (LII) evaluated at debond (T0) and at 3 months (T3) and 12 months (T12). The secondary outcomes were inter-canine distance (ICD), plaque index (PI), calculus index (CI), bleeding on probing (BoP), and caries, evaluated at T0, T3, and T12, as well as patients' perceptions, evaluated at T3 and T12, and technical complications that were registered throughout the study period. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used for continuous variables for inter-group comparisons, and the Wilcoxon Signed Rank test was used for intra-group comparisons. RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between the groups regarding LII, biological side effects, technical complications, or patients' experiences. However, there was a small but statistically significant difference between the groups regarding the maintenance of the ICD. Within the OFT group, there was a significant increase in CI, and within the PeO group, there was a significant increase in BoP. CONCLUSIONS: In terms of clinical relevance, the chairside rectangular chain retainer and the conventional multi-stranded spiral wire provide similar outcomes with respect to the stability of alignment, biological side-effects, technical complications, and patients' experiences short-term. TRIAL REGISTRATION: VGFOUreg-929962. Keywords: Orthodontic retainers; fixed retainers; retention; stability.

Assessment of occlusion changes during laboratory phase of relining: An in vitro study.

AIM: Assessment of occlusion changes during laboratory phase of relining is essential to evaluate the occlusal discrepancies that could get incorporated in the denture with the use of different relining materials. Since the long term stability and functional success of the denture is heavily influenced by occlusion, an In-vitro study to assess these changes after relining is warranted. The aim of the study is to evaluate the changes in occlusion during laboratory phase of relining procedure. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: This is an in vitro study with a total of 30 specimen. MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY: A total of 30 maxillary standardized dentures were fabricated after mounting on a semi adjustable articulator. These samples will be divided into three groups based on the relining material used (Autopolymerizing resin, Heat-cure resin, Tissue conditioner). The vertical dimension, Centric contact points and eccentric contact points were measured before and after relining. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: The variables were tested to see if they had a normal distribution using the Shapiro-Wilk test. Parametric distribution was seen for ECP leading to further comparison using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Non-parametric distribution was found while testing the VD, CCP leading to adoption of Kruskal-wallis test for comparison of groups. Dunn Bonferroni test was done for VD since results were significant. RESULTS: The results of this in-vitro study showed statistically significant difference with respect to change in vertical dimension in all groups pre and post relining (P = 0.005). The centric contact points showed lesser variation in position when comparing the pre to the post relining phase with the use of autopolymerising resins, whereas heat cure resins and tissue conditioners showed statistically significant difference in the centric point contacts post relining. No statistically significant changes were seen in eccentric occlusion post relining in all groups. Tissue conditioners showed minimum mean changes in eccentric contacts. CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, the use of autopolymerising resins depicted the most stable results with respect to occlusion, for relining of dentures.

Precise jaw relation recorder: An innovative device for prosthodontic rehabilitation.

BACKGROUND: The orchestration of jaw relations in edentulous scenarios poses a significant challenge, demanding acumen, and expertise from the clinician. A myriad of devices, substances, and methodologies are employed to gauge the transverse, vertical, and horizontal spectrums of jaw relations. Traditionally, a synthesis of assorted devices and techniques has been requisitioned to chronicle the spatial dynamics between the maxilla and mandible. Yet, the absence of a solitary apparatus capable of concurrently documenting the triad of jaw relations has been a notable lacuna in prosthodontic rehabilitation. PURPOSE: This discourse expounds on an innovative contrivance, termed the Precise Jaw Relation Recorder. This pioneering instrument is adept at capturing the tripartite jaw relation processes: the occlusal plane's alignment in parallelism to the ala-tragus line, the vertical dimension at repose, and the occlusion as well as the centric relation. The device's strategic utility lies in its ability to facilitate the creation of prostheses that are not only functionally superior but also aesthetically more pleasing. CONCLUSION: Its implementation is a stride toward refining the accuracy of prosthodontic outcomes, thereby elevating the standard of patient care in dental practice.

An observational analysis to evaluate the influence of occlusion on body posture and plantar pressure - An in vivo study.

AIM: The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of occlusion on body posture and plantar arch pressure. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: An Observational analysis to Analyze the Influence of Occlusion on Plantar Pressure and Body Posture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 30 asymptomatic subjects were selected for the study including 18 females and 12 males from age group 22 years to 28 years with a mean age of 24.83 years. Each subject underwent evaluation of occlusion at MIP using a Digital Occlusal analyzer (T-Scan III). At this point, the subjects were made to stand on a mat scan which consisted of a large postural platform sensor and a computer that displayed the plantar pressure data. The computer connected to the T Scan displayed the occlusal pressure analysis. This was followed by an evaluation of body posture using a posture grid where the photographs were taken and an evaluation of the frontal and lateral photos was done using the APECS - posture analysis app. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) for windows version 22.0 Released 2013, Armonk, N Y: IBM Corp., was used to perform Statistical Analysis. A chi-square test was applied for qualitative variables to find the association. Paired t-test was applied to compare the changes in the quantitative parameters in eye-open and eye-closed conditions. The level of significance was set at 5%. RESULTS: As observed from the results, occlusion for 40% of the subjects, where n = 12, was dominant on the right side. Occlusion for 23.3% of subjects, where n = 7, was dominant on the left side. Whereas, for 36.7% of subjects, where n = 11, the pressure distribution was almost equal on both sides. The inclination of body posture for 23.3% of subjects, where n = 7, was towards the right side. The inclination of body posture for 50% of subjects, where n = 11, was towards the left side. And, the inclination of body posture for 26.7% of subjects, where n = 8, was neutral i.e., balanced on the right and left side. Plantar pressure for 6.7% of subjects, where n = 2, was dominant on the right side. Plantar pressure for 36.7% of subjects, where n = 11, was dominant on the left side. Whereas, for 56.7% of subjects, where n = 17, the plantar pressure distribution was almost equal on both sides. CONCLUSION: On correlating the three parameters, it was found that occlusion for most of the subjects dominated on the right side, while body posture and plantar pressure dominated on the contralateral i.e., left side.

[Research progress in the treatment of maxillary transverse deficiency with combined orthodontic-orthognathic approach].

In combined orthodontic-orthognathic treatment, the maxillary palatine suture is closed in most patients with insufficient maxillary width, and bony expansion of the maxilla cannot be achieved by dental expansion or rapid palatal expansion (RPE) which causes buccal inclination of the maxillary posterior teeth leading to unstable results. Therefore, segmental LeFort Ⅰ osteotomy and surgically assisted RPE are often used in clinical practice. In recent years, with the application of implant anchorage technology, implant anchorage assisted RPE has been gradually applied in orthognathic treatment. This article reviewed the indications, contraindications, complications, efficacy and long-term stability in different treatment approaches including segmental LeFort Ⅰ osteotomy, surgically assisted RPE and implant-supported maxillary skeletal expansion.

Comparative analysis of the influence of the shapes and dimensions of dental arches on the morphotopogeometric characteristics of the facial area.

OBJECTIVE: Aim: The aim of the article is a comparative analysis of the main aspects of existing medical and diagnostic measures in patients with abnormal types of occlusal relationships and methods of mathematical and graphic reproduction of the shape of the dental arches, taking into account the individual characteristics of the maxillofacial area. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Materials and Methods: The search for relevant publications related to the objective topic was carried out through scientific databases: Scopus, PubMed, BVS and Scielo. CONCLUSION: Conclusions: The analysis of regression models of the reproduction of individual characteristics of the dental arch of the jaws will avoid errors that occur when comparing the actual sizes with their statistical norm, which will allow to correctly determine the proportionality and ratio of dif f erent departments of the dental and jaw system, the necessary amount of orthodontic measures in the treatment of anomalies of the dental arches.

Instrumental Occlusal Analysis in Migraine Patients: A Quantitative Cross Sectional Study.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate possible differences of functional occlusal variables between a group of migraine patients (MG) and a control group (CG). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Each group included 50 individuals. Instrumental functional analysis and digital occlusal analysis were performed. Variables examined were condylar displacement from a reference position to maximum intercuspation; angular difference between the steepness of the articular eminence and the contra-lateral canine guidance; and angular difference between the steepness of the articular eminence and the ipsilateral central incisor guidance and occlusal plane inclination. Self-reported grinding and occlusal index were also investigated. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences in the extent of retral condylar displacement assessed both clinically [MG: 0.49 mm (SD 0.67 mm), CG: 0.29 mm (SD 0.27 mm), p = 0.012] and digital-mechanically [MG: 1.53 mm (SD 0.95 mm), CG: 0.9 mm (SD 0.66 mm), p = 0.001], the angular difference between the steepness of the articular eminence and the contra-lateral canine guidance [MG: 13.11° (SD 8.33°), CG: 9.47° (SD 7.08°), p = 0.021 and MG: 12.94° (SD 8.71°), CG: 9.44° (SD 8.70°), p = 0.017], and the occlusal plane inclination [MG: 11.16° (SD 4.66°), CG: 9.09° (SD 4.37°), p = 0.024]. Self-reported grinding (MG: 39/50, CG: 12/50, p < 0.001) and occlusal index [MG: 1.92 (SD 0.46), CG: 0.21 (SD 0.66), p < 0.001] were also significantly higher in migraineurs. CONCLUSIONS: Articular and occlusal structures could play a role in migraine and thus should be considered in an interdisciplinary approach.

Orthodontic findings and treatment need in patients with amelogenesis imperfecta: a descriptive analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Amelogenesis imperfecta (AI) is a genetically determined, non-syndromic enamel dysplasia that may manifest as hypoplasia, hypomaturation, or hypocalcification and can commonly be classified into four primary groups. In this retrospective analysis, specific orofacial characteristics are described and associated with each of the AI types based on a patient cohort from Witten/Herdecke University, Germany. METHODS: Data from 19 patients (ten male and nine female, mean age 12.27 ± 4.06 years) with AI who presented at the Department of Orthodontics between July 2011 and December 2023 were analyzed. Baseline skeletal and dental conditions were assessed, including the presence of hypodontia, displacements, and taurodontism. AI was classified into classes I-IV based on phenotype. Treatment needs were evaluated according to the main findings following the German KIG classification, while the radiological enamel situation was determined using panoramic radiographs. RESULTS: An approximately equal distribution between classes II and III was found and a slight inclination toward a dolichofacial configuration (ΔML-NSL: 5.07 ± 9.23°, ΔML-NL: 4.24 ± 8.04°). Regarding orthodontic findings, disturbance in tooth eruption as well as open bite were the most prevalent issues (both 36.8%, n = 7). The most common AI classes were type I and II, which show an almost even distribution about the skeletal classes in sagittal dimension, while dolichofacial configuration was found most frequently in vertical dimension. CONCLUSION: Both clinical and radiological orthodontic findings in context with AI are subject to extensive distribution. It seems that no specific orofacial findings can be confirmed in association with AI with regard to the common simple classes I-IV. It may be more appropriate to differentiate the many subtypes according to their genetic aspects to identify possible associated orthodontic findings.