Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y los estados de ánimo en estudiantes de instituciones educativas de Antioquia, Colombia / Quality of life related to the health and mood states of students in educational institutions from Antioquia, Colombia / Qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde e ao humor em estudantes de instituições de ensino em Antioquia, Colômbia

Introducción: La calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) y los estados de ánimo son indicadores cruciales del bienestar en adolescentes, pero su relación con estudiantes de Antioquia, Colombia, no ha sido ampliamente estudiada. Objetivo: Determinar la CVRS y los estados de ánimo en escolares de Antioquia-Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio transversal con 1957 escolares de 9 a 20 años. Se aplicaron mediciones de CVRS, ansiedad, depresión, hostilidad y alegría, actividad física, comportamiento sedentario, apoyo social de padres y nivel socioeconómico. Resultados: La calidad de vida alta (CVA) es más elevada en hombres, personas con alegría, estudiantes con apoyo de padres, activos físicamente y personas de nivel socioeconómico alto y medio. AL aumentar un año de edad, disminuye en un 15 % la CVA, y al aumentar la depresión, la ansiedad y el comportamiento sedentario disminuye la CVA. Además, los niveles de depresión y ansiedad son mayores en mujeres, estudiantes mayores, sin apoyo de los padres y personas sedentarias. Conclusiones: La CVRS se asocia con estados de ánimo, actividad física, comportamiento sedentario y apoyo de los padres; mientras que los estados de ánimo se asocian con el sexo, el apoyo de los padres, la CVS y el sedentarismo.

Introduction: Even though health-related quality of life (HRQL) and mood states are key indicators of the well-being of adolescents, their relationship has not been analyzed in students from Antioquia, Colombia. Objective: To determine HRQL and mood states in schoolchildren from Antioquia. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 1,957 schoolchildren and adolescents aged between 9 and 20 years. Measurements of HRQL, anxiety, depression, hostility and happiness, physical activity, sedentary behavior, parental social support, and socioeconomic status were applied. Results: A high quality of life (HQL) was observed more frequently in male participants, students with parental support, physically active, and those belonging to medium and high socioeconomic status. HQL decreased 15% as their age increased by one year. Also, HQL was reduced when depression, anxiety, and sedentary behavior increased. Furthermore, depression and anxiety levels were higher in women, older students, as well as in those without parental control and with sedentary behavior. Conclusions: HRQL is associated with mood states, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and parental support. In contrast, mood states are related to gender, parental support, HQL, and sedentary lifestyle.

Introdução: A qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde (CVRS) e os estados de humor são indicadores cruciais de bem-estar em adolescentes, mas sua relação com estudantes de Antioquia, Colômbia, não foi amplamente estudada. Objetivo: Determinar a CVRS e os estados de humor em escolares de Antioquia-Colômbia. Materiais e métodos: Estudo transversal com 1.957 escolares de 9 a 20 anos. Foram aplicadas medidas de QVRS, ansiedade, depressão, hostilidade e felicidade, atividade física, comportamento sedentário, apoio social dos pais e nível socioeconômico. Resultados: A alta qualidade de vida (CVA) é maior em homens, pessoas com alegria, estudantes com apoio parental, fisicamente ativos e pessoas de nível socioeconômico alto e médio. À medida que a idade aumenta em um ano, diminui em 15% o CVA, e ao aumentar a depressão, a ansiedade e o comportamento sedentário aumentam, o CVA diminui. Além disso, os níveis de depressão e ansiedade são mais elevados nas mulheres, nos estudantes mais velhos, sem apoio dos pais e nas pessoas sedentárias. Conclusões: A QVRS está associada a estados de humor, atividade física, comportamento sedentário e apoio parental; enquanto os estados de humor estão associados ao sexo, apoio parental, CVS e estilo de vida sedentário.

Analyzing hope speech from psycholinguistic and emotional perspectives.

Hope is a vital coping mechanism, enabling individuals to effectively confront life's challenges. This study proposes a technique employing Natural Language Processing (NLP) tools like Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC), NRC-emotion-lexicon, and vaderSentiment to analyze social media posts, extracting psycholinguistic, emotional, and sentimental features from a hope speech dataset. The findings of this study reveal distinct cognitive, emotional, and communicative characteristics and psycholinguistic dimensions, emotions, and sentiments associated with different types of hope shared in social media. Furthermore, the study investigates the potential of leveraging this data to classify different types of hope using machine learning algorithms. Notably, models such as LightGBM and CatBoost demonstrate impressive performance, surpassing traditional methods and competing effectively with deep learning techniques. We employed hyperparameter tuning to optimize the models' parameters and compared their performance using both default and tuned settings. The results highlight the enhanced efficiency achieved through hyperparameter tuning for these models.

Role of caregivers being trained in assisting in end of life care - Latin American perspective.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Palliative care in Latin America is evolving, but training for informal caregivers remains underexplored. This review summarizes recent interventions to educate or train caregivers in end-of-life care. RECENT FINDINGS: The literature search identified three interventions published by 2023, two with reception evaluations, all with small sample sizes and no control groups. Needs of caregivers have been more frequently described and include training on aspects of the disease, nursing skills, how to handle patients´ and own emotions; help in navigating the complex healthcare systems in Latin America; help in conversations about the end of life and dying, still taboos in the region; help in finding additional caregivers or other types of support to make the caregiving role sustainable over time for the caregiver. Interventions mainly focused on emotional support and identifying additional caregivers without guilt; two included nursing skills training. SUMMARY: There are very few formal interventions described and evaluated to assist caregivers in end-of-life care in Latin America described in the literature. This illustrates the rather invisible but very important role of these important stakeholders in the care for patients. Multidimensional interventions should be developed and evaluated to support caregivers.

Exploring the Efficacy of Several Physiological Synchrony Methods During Collaborative Recall of Stories.

In this study, we assessed the efficacy of various linear and chaotic physiological synchrony methods during collaborative emotive recall of stories, examining how physiological synchronization impacts dyadic interaction in tasks involving emotionally charged narratives. Eighty-two young individuals, forming 41dyads, participated in a task requiring the recall of stories with varying emotional content. We analyzed physiological data using the Lyapunov coefficient, cross-correlation, and coherence indices. Our statistical approach included concise applications of the student's t-test, Pearson's correlation, and notably, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The results highlighted significant differences in physiological synchrony between emotional and less emotional situations, revealing increased synchronization in collaborative remembering of emotional stories. The integration of the Lyapunov coefficient with other indices was crucial for identifying emotional conditions, underscoring its significance in exploring emotional engagement in group memory activities. This study provides valuable insights into the dynamics of physiological synchrony in emotional interactions, its implications in cognitive and social domains, and suggests potential applications in understanding collective behavior and emotional processing.

Qualitative study with mothers of children with atopic dermatitis: emotional and social impacts.

INTRODUCTION: Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is the most common skin disease in childhood and its control requires the support of the family members. This disease significantly interferes with the Quality of Life (QoL) of children and families, however, literature on the social and emotional impact of the disease on the caregivers is lacking. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the emotional and social impact of AD on mothers of children with the disease. METHOD: This is a qualitative study of semi-structured interviews with mothers of children diagnosed with AD. The following variables were evaluated: diagnosis and start of treatment, knowledge about the disease, and impact on the mothers' lives. The material was analyzed using Lawrence Bardin's content analysis technique. The AD severity was assessed by SCORAD. RESULTS: A total of 23 interviews were conducted with mothers of children diagnosed with AD. In 82.6% of the cases, the mothers presented conflicts in the face of the first contacts with the disease. In 43.5% of cases, mothers were solely responsible for their children's treatment. About 56.6% defined AD as a cause of suffering and difficulty and 21.7% pointed out the AD experience as a learning experience. CONCLUSION: The AD is a chronic disease that has a psychological and social impact on the lives of mothers. In the treatment of AD, mothers must be screened and offered psychological support to improve adherence to treatment in the long term.

An exploration of the emotional response among nurses in Bermuda, during the Covid-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVES: This paper utilizes an ontological approach to conduct a qualitative literature review in order to investigate the emotional impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on nurses internationally. After identifying common themes in the literature review, primary research is conducted to investigate the emotional impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on nurses working in Bermuda´s only acute healthcare facility. METHODS: The literature review used the FRAMEWORK approach (Richie and Spencer, 1994, as cited in Hackett et al. (2018) to select a total of 16 papers for review, each of them qualitative primary research, aside from one paper reviewing international literature. Within the second part of this paper, investigating the experience of nurses in Bermuda, a grounded theory approach was utilised to collect primary data. Convenience sampling was used to recruit subjects to participate in one-on-one semi-structured interviews. Data saturation was achieved after 9 interviews. The FRAMEWORK method was utilised to analyse the interview transcripts, and identify, organise and collate themes. RESULTS: The literature review highlights that nurses have strong emotional responses to caring for patients during the Covid-19 pandemic. Specific responses include: higher stress levels at work due to higher, more challenging workload, and a reliance on clinical leaders to assuage this stress. Stigma experienced outside of work lead to feelings of anxiety and isolation. Despite this, there was a common theme that nurses felt a satisfaction within their role to ´play their part´ in the pandemic. The primary research conducted in Bermuda demonstrates that there was an initial fear of Covid-19, receding as the pandemic developed. Much anxiety was due to a perceived lack of knowledge about the disease, lack of a coherent strategy, and inadequate equipment to protect staff, and properly care for patients. An increased level of cooperation amongst staff, and mutual support amongst nurses was noted, as was social stigma leading to feelings of isolation and anxiety. Social interactions and holistic activities were identified as primary resources to alleviate stress and uncertainty. CONCLUSIONS: Nurses in Bermuda elicited many of the same emotional responses as their international colleagues, as a result of caring for patients during the pandemic. These manifested as a result of higher, more challenging workload, and uncertainty about preparedness plan and quickly changing situations within the working environment. The results from this study can help formulate changes in policy to ensure smoother transitions to pandemic preparedness in the future.

Emotional contagion builds resilience.

Mice that witness cage mates in distress withstand future negative emotions better.

Guide for the application of the data augmentation approach on sets of texts in Spanish for sentiment and emotion analysis.

Over the last ten years, social media has become a crucial data source for businesses and researchers, providing a space where people can express their opinions and emotions. To analyze this data and classify emotions and their polarity in texts, natural language processing (NLP) techniques such as emotion analysis (EA) and sentiment analysis (SA) are employed. However, the effectiveness of these tasks using machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) methods depends on large labeled datasets, which are scarce in languages like Spanish. To address this challenge, researchers use data augmentation (DA) techniques to artificially expand small datasets. This study aims to investigate whether DA techniques can improve classification results using ML and DL algorithms for sentiment and emotion analysis of Spanish texts. Various text manipulation techniques were applied, including transformations, paraphrasing (back-translation), and text generation using generative adversarial networks, to small datasets such as song lyrics, social media comments, headlines from national newspapers in Chile, and survey responses from higher education students. The findings show that the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) classifier achieved the most significant improvement, with an 18% increase using the Generative Adversarial Networks for Sentiment Text (SentiGan) on the Aggressiveness (Seriousness) dataset. Additionally, the same classifier model showed an 11% improvement using the Easy Data Augmentation (EDA) on the Gender-Based Violence dataset. The performance of the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BETO) also improved by 10% on the back-translation augmented version of the October 18 dataset, and by 4% on the EDA augmented version of the Teaching survey dataset. These results suggest that data augmentation techniques enhance performance by transforming text and adapting it to the specific characteristics of the dataset. Through experimentation with various augmentation techniques, this research provides valuable insights into the analysis of subjectivity in Spanish texts and offers guidance for selecting algorithms and techniques based on dataset features.

The effectiveness of a contextually grounded social emotional learning program in Haiti: A pilot cluster randomized control trial.

Social emotional learning (SEL) has a robust evidence basis, but there remains a large gap in literature on the effectiveness of programs across educational settings in low- and middle-income countries and conflict-affected settings. The present study was a pilot trial aimed at evaluating the effects of a classroom based SEL program on dimensions of classroom climate and individual student social emotional skills. In the present study, fourth through sixth grade classrooms in 10 schools (N = 39 teachers, 75.68% female; N = 1048 students, 62.3% female) were randomly allocated to the SEL or wait-list control condition. The SEL program was associated with significant improvements in teacher reports of student achievement orientation (dr = 1.21) and responsible decision-making (dr = 0.49). There were no significant differences between conditions on peer sensitivity, teacher-pupil interactions, student interpersonal skills, or overall social emotional skills. Findings suggest that this community-developed, contextually relevant SEL curriculum may hold promise even in the context of ongoing adversity, including the COVID-19 pandemic and heightened insecurity due to political violence.

Emotional Impact of COVID-19 and Emotional Eating and the Risk of Alcohol Use Disorder in Peruvian Healthcare Students.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to explore the association between the emotional impact of COVID-19 and emotional eating and the risk of alcohol use disorder among Peruvian health science students. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional analytical study in which an online questionnaire was administered to 456 health science interns from four cities in Peru. We used the COVID-19 Emotional Impact Profile questionnaire, Mindful Eating Questionnaire, and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test. Spearman's correlations were calculated and two multiple linear regression models were developed. RESULTS: 68.4% of the participants were emotional eaters and 8.6% reported low-risk levels of alcohol use disorder. Based on the results of the first model, the overall emotional impact of COVID-19, being overweight or obese, depression and anxiety levels, and living with only one parent were factors associated with emotional eating. The results of the second model showed that the level of depression, living with just one parent, living alone, sex, and number of months as an intern were factors associated with the risk of alcohol use disorder. CONCLUSIONS: To reduce emotional eating and the risk of alcohol use disorder among interns, universities should implement interventions aimed at reducing the emotional impact of COVID-19 and provide nutritional counseling.

Fusion of PCA and ICA in Statistical Subset Analysis for Speech Emotion Recognition.

Speech emotion recognition is key to many fields, including human-computer interaction, healthcare, and intelligent assistance. While acoustic features extracted from human speech are essential for this task, not all of them contribute to emotion recognition effectively. Thus, reduced numbers of features are required within successful emotion recognition models. This work aimed to investigate whether splitting the features into two subsets based on their distribution and then applying commonly used feature reduction methods would impact accuracy. Filter reduction was employed using the Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by principal component analysis (PCA) and independent component analysis (ICA). A set of features was investigated to determine whether the indiscriminate use of parametric feature reduction techniques affects the accuracy of emotion recognition. For this investigation, data from three databases-Berlin EmoDB, SAVEE, and RAVDES-were organized into subsets according to their distribution in applying both PCA and ICA. The results showed a reduction from 6373 features to 170 for the Berlin EmoDB database with an accuracy of 84.3%; a final size of 130 features for SAVEE, with a corresponding accuracy of 75.4%; and 150 features for RAVDESS, with an accuracy of 59.9%.

The relationship between emotional eating disorders and problematic internet use in university students: the mediating role of mukbang behavior.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of watching mukbang on eating behavior and to emphasize its importance. METHODS: Students from various faculties at universities constitute the sample for this study. A total of 483 individuals participated in the study: 358 (74.1%) women and 125 (25.9%) men. The age range of the sample group varies between 18 and 50 years (Mage=21.62; SD=3.85). In our study, the Emotional Eating Disorder Scale, the Mukbang Addiction Scale, and the Problematic Internet Use Scale were used. Reliability analysis, descriptive statistics, and correlational analysis of the data were carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics 24. RESULTS: There appears to be a positive relationship between emotional eating, mukbang addiction, and problematic internet use. A positive relationship was also found between emotional eating and mukbang addiction. It was found that mukbang addiction had a partial mediator role in the effect of problematic internet use on emotional eating. CONCLUSION: In the relationship between problematic internet use and emotional eating, mukbang addiction has played a mediating role. Therefore, when conducting a study between emotional eating and problematic internet use, it may be useful to examine the frequency of mukbang watching behavior in individuals. It can be crucial to include these people in educational programs to control problematic internet use or the habit of watching mukbang.

A Combined CNN Architecture for Speech Emotion Recognition.

Emotion recognition through speech is a technique employed in various scenarios of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). Existing approaches have achieved significant results; however, limitations persist, with the quantity and diversity of data being more notable when deep learning techniques are used. The lack of a standard in feature selection leads to continuous development and experimentation. Choosing and designing the appropriate network architecture constitutes another challenge. This study addresses the challenge of recognizing emotions in the human voice using deep learning techniques, proposing a comprehensive approach, and developing preprocessing and feature selection stages while constructing a dataset called EmoDSc as a result of combining several available databases. The synergy between spectral features and spectrogram images is investigated. Independently, the weighted accuracy obtained using only spectral features was 89%, while using only spectrogram images, the weighted accuracy reached 90%. These results, although surpassing previous research, highlight the strengths and limitations when operating in isolation. Based on this exploration, a neural network architecture composed of a CNN1D, a CNN2D, and an MLP that fuses spectral features and spectogram images is proposed. The model, supported by the unified dataset EmoDSc, demonstrates a remarkable accuracy of 96%.

Scoping review on socioemotional skills in the prevention of suicidal behavior among adolescents.

Promoting socioemotional skills has been highlighted among the evidence to prevent suicidal behavior in childhood and adolescence. This review aimed to map and analyze national and international scientific papers on initiatives and programs for the prevention of suicidal behavior in adolescence based on the theoretical framework of socioemotional skills. It is a scoping review using the methodology proposed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. Eleven academic bibliographic databases were analyzed, and searches were conducted on institutional websites related to suicide prevention and Google. Papers in Portuguese, Spanish, French, and English from 2010 to July 2022 were included in the review, which consisted of 97 studies, analyzed through data matrix and thematic grouping. The results show that most are international and focused on suicide, not on self-harm alone. In general, they have an informational and instructional bias for professionals, institutions, and governments, proposed laws, programs and action plans, studies on the role of socioemotional skills and intervention research. Few strategies have been clearly tested and validated. The key elements are the ability to perceive, recognize, understand, express, and regulate one's own emotions, get motivated, and build empathy in relationships. Schools are key players in this process and the health system should act as a collaborative network. National and local prevention plans are required, emphasizing the role of schools, the health sector, and intersectoral coordination to promote health and quality of life.

Feelings expressed by professionals caring for children and teenagers victims of sexual violence.

OBJECTIVE: to describe the feelings expressed by health professionals when caring for child and adolescent victims of sexual violence from the theoretical perspective of Symbolic Interactionism. METHOD: qualitative research carried out with 30 female health professionals. An instrument was used consisting of closed questions for sociodemographic data and a script with open questions for interviews. The data was organized and analyzed using Nvivo software version 12, according to Bardin's proposal, from the perspective of Symbolic Interactionism in the work of Charles Morris. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee. RESULTS: five thematic categories emerged, revealing feelings of empathy, fear, indignation, suffering, and consternation. These feelings remained in the interviewees' memories, making caring for child and adolescent victims of sexual violence a moving and difficult experience that deeply marks the life of the health professional. CONCLUSION: there is a need to adopt strategies to support the mental health of professionals who work in services that provide general care to children and adolescents, considering that there is a possibility that they will provide care to child and adolescent victims of sexual violence in compliance with pre-existing public policies. HIGHLIGHTS: (1) Feelings stem from individual impressions in line with social interaction. (2) Caring for child and adolescent victims has a negative impact on professionals' emotions. (3) Service managers need to pay attention to the health of professionals who assist victims.

Cross-sectional study of self-reported pain related to temporomandibular disorders and emotional state of medical school faculty and students: Post-COVID-19 pandemic.

The social isolation imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic interrupted in-person activities, which were immediately followed by adaptations to ensure, for example, the continuity of teaching. This generated emotional impacts on the academic community. Emotional states may trigger or emphasize conditions such as temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD), causing pain and limiting masticatory function. This study aimed to compare the students and the faculty of a medical school first in terms of the TMD-caused pain they experienced during social isolation and reported two months later, according to their recollections, using the TMD-Pain Screener questionnaire. The second basis for comparison was the emotional state generated by social isolation and its connection with TMD symptoms assessed through the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), which considers perceptions at the time of data collection. Both questionnaires were responded to in May 2022 after the end of social isolation. The data were analyzed by the IBM-SPSS software for Windows 22.0 with a 5% level of significance. The results show that the self-reported TMD symptoms were more widespread (p = 0.002) and intense (p = 0.013) among students than among faculty and that all of the former's DASS-21 domains (depression, anxiety, and stress) were also more strongly evident (p<0.05). Only anxiety was more significant among the faculty (p = 0.027). Both groups pointed to social isolation as an aggravating factor of the symptoms (p<0.05). The conclusion is that the self-reported TMD-caused pain and all DASS-21 domains as experienced during social isolation were stronger and more prevalent among students than among faculty, and that only anxiety was statistically significant among faculty. Also, the emotional states resulting from social isolation may have aggravated TMD-caused pain in both groups.

Association of Physical and Emotional Parameters with Performance of Firefighters: A Systematic Review.

Firefighting requires a high level of physical fitness and causes substantial psychological stress, engendering musculoskeletal, mental, and cardiac issues. Consequently, it is necessary to measure the preparation of the firefighters daily through the Firefighting Physical Ability Tests (FPATs). According to the literature, some variables are more important for performance in the FPAT. Therefore, we aimed to summarize evidence that relates physical and mental aspects to the FPAT performance. We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) method, screening 1055 records from databases and selecting 15 that met inclusion criteria. No emotional and psychological variables were correlated with the FPAT. Most research shows significant correlations between the FPAT performance and the following: aerobic fitness, upper body endurance and strength, anaerobic capacity, body fat, and age. Lower body endurance and strength, as well as anaerobic power, had a low number of investigations and need to be further explored. Abdominal endurance showed weak correlations, while flexibility did not show any correlations in most studies, although these should be considered for injury prevention. We recommend that fitness programs and evaluations include a global analysis considering the evidence presented for methodological improvements.

Emoções e estratégias adotadas por brasileiros e portugueses durante a pandemia da covid-19 / Emotions and strategies adopted by brazilians and portuguese during the covid-19 pandemic / Emociones y estrategias adoptadas por brasileños y portugueses durante lapandemia de covid-19

Introdução:No final de 2019 um novo coronavírus com alta taxa de transmissibilidade foi identificado na China. Em março de 2020a Organização Mundial da Saúde declarou apandemia de Covid-19. Apandemiateve impacto na vida dos indivíduos, das famílias e da sociedade em geral. As pessoas tiveram dese adaptar à nova realidadee manifestaram diferentes emoçõese sentimentosdevido à situação pandêmica. As emoções vividas eo isolamento social necessário motivarama adoção de estratégias por parte das pessoas para se sentirem mais adaptadas e equilibradas anível físico e mental no seu dia a dia.Objetivo:O presente artigo tem como objetivo descrever e analisar as emoções, sentimentose estratégias adotadas por brasileiros e portugueses durante a pandemia da Covid-19. Metodologia:Este estudo faz parte de uma pesquisa mais ampla, realizada através de um questionário sociodemográfico com perguntas abertas e fechadas, efetuadono Google Forms, aplicado onlineem maio de 2020. Noquestionário foram abordadas as emoções e estratégias desenvolvidas e adotadas pelos 438 entrevistados (257 brasileiros;181 portugueses) durante a pandemia.A análise dosdados foi realizada através deestatística descritiva e análise de conteúdo temática.Resultados:Verificou-se que nos dois países, as emoções mais manifestadas foram medo e tristeza e as principais estratégias adotadas foram a criação de horários com rotinas diárias eexercício físicomas também algumas estratégias diferentes entre brasileiros e portugueses.Conclusões:Em momentos de crise pessoas de diferentes culturas experienciam emoções semelhantes tais como medo e tristeza e ajustam as suas rotinas diárias criando diferentes estratégias para enfrentar a adversidade de acordo com o seu contexto sociocultural (AU).

Introduction:At the end of 2019, a new coronavirus with a high transmissibility rate was identified in China. In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the Covid-19 pandemic. The pandemic situation has had an impact on people's lives, families, and society.People had to adapt to the new reality and expressed different emotions and feelings due to the pandemic situation. The emotions experienced and the necessary social isolation motivated people to adopt strategies to feel more adapted and balanced on a physical and mental level in their daily lives. Objective: This article aims to describe and analyze the emotions, feelings and strategies adopted by Brazilians and Portuguese during the Covid-19 pandemic. Methodology:This study is part of a broader research, carriedout using a sociodemographic questionnaire with open and closed questions, carried out on Google Forms, applied online in May 2020. The questionnaire addressed the emotions and strategies developed and adopted by the 438 interviewees (257 Brazilians and 181 Portuguese) during the pandemic. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics and thematic content analysis. Results: It was found that in both countries, the most expressed emotions were fear and sadness and the main strategies adopted were the creation of schedules with daily routines and physical exercise but also some different strategies between Brazilians and Portuguese. Conclusions: In times of crisis, people from different cultures experience similar emotions such as fear and sadness and adjust their daily routines, creating different strategies to face adversity according to their sociocultural context (AU).

Introducción: A finales de 2019, se identificó en China un nuevo coronavirus con una alta tasa de transmisibilidad. En marzo de 2020, la Organización Mundial de la Salud declaró la pandemia de Covid-19. La situación de pandemia ha repercutido en la vida de las personas, las familias y la sociedad. Las personas han tenido que adaptarse a la nueva realidad. En este contexto pandémico, las personas han expresado diferentes emociones y sentimientos debido a la nueva realidad social que han experimentado, y han creado estrategias para sentirse más adaptadas y equilibradas a nivel físico y mental en su vida diaria.Objetivo: Identificar y describir las principales emociones y sentimientos experimentados por brasileños y portugueses, así como crear estrategias para adaptarse a la situación durante el periodo de bloqueo de la pandemia Covid-19.Metodología:Este estudio forma parte de una encuesta más amplia, llevada a cabo mediante un cuestionario sociodemográfico con preguntas abiertas y cerradas, realizado en Google Forms, aplicado onlineen mayo de 2020, que indagaba sobre las emociones y los sentimientos experimentados en relación con la situación de pandemia y las estrategias creadas. La muestra fue de 438 participantes, 181 portugueses y 257 brasileños. Los datos se analizaron mediante estadística descriptiva y análisis del discurso.Resultados: En ambos países, el miedo y la tristeza fueron las emociones más expresadas. La mayoría de las estrategias utilizadas fueron el establecimiento de un horario y el ejercicio físico, pero también hubo algunas estrategias diferentes entre brasileños y portugueses.Conclusiones: En momentos de crisis, personas de diferentes culturas experimentan emociones similares como el miedo y la tristeza y ajustan sus rutinas diarias creando diferentes estrategias para enfrentar la adversidad de acuerdo con su contexto sociocultural (AU).

[Relationship between severity of hypomimia and basic emotion recognition in Parkinson's disease]. / Relación entre la gravedad de la hipomimia y el reconocimiento de emociones básicas en la enfermedad de Parkinson.

INTRODUCTION: Parkinson's disease is characterised by the presence of motor symptoms including hypomimia, and by non-motor symptoms including alterations in facial recognition of basic emotions. Few studies have investigated this alteration and its relationship to the severity of hypomimia. OBJECTIVE: The objective is to study the relationship between hypomimia and the facial recognition of basic emotions in subjects with Parkinson's disease. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Twenty-three patients and 29 controls were evaluated with the test battery for basic emotion facial recognition. The patients were divided into two subgroups according to the intensity of their hypomimia. RESULTS: The comparison in battery test performance between the minimal/mild hypomimia and moderate/severe hypomimia groups was statistically significant in favour of the former group. CONCLUSIONS: This finding shows a close relationship between expression and facial recognition of emotions, which could be explained through the mechanism of motor simulation.

TITLE: Relación entre la gravedad de la hipomimia y el reconocimiento de emociones básicas en la enfermedad de Parkinson.Introducción. La enfermedad de Parkinson se caracteriza por la presencia de síntomas motores, entre los que es significativa la presencia de hipomimia, y por síntomas no motores, en los que se destaca la alteración en el reconocimiento facial de emociones básicas. Son pocos los estudios que investiguen dicha alteración relacionada con la gravedad de la hipomimia. Objetivo. El objetivo es estudiar la relación entre la hipomimia y el reconocimiento facial de emociones básicas en sujetos con enfermedad de Parkinson. Sujetos y métodos. Se evaluó a 23 pacientes y 29 controles con la batería de reconocimiento facial de emociones básicas. El grupo de pacientes se dividió en dos subgrupos según la intensidad de la hipomimia. Resultados. La comparación en el rendimiento de las pruebas de la batería entre el grupo de hipomimia mínima/leve e hipomimia moderada/grave resultó estadísticamente significativa a favor del primer grupo. Conclusiones. Este hallazgo evidencia una estrecha relación entre la expresión y el reconocimiento facial de emociones, que podría explicarse a través del mecanismo de simulación motora.

Psycho-physio-neurological correlates of qualitative attention, emotion and flow experiences in a close-to-real-life extreme sports situation: low- and high-altitude slackline walking.

It has been indicated that extreme sport activities result in a highly rewarding experience, despite also providing fear, stress and anxiety. Studies have related this experience to the concept of flow, a positive feeling that individuals undergo when they are completely immersed in an activity. However, little is known about the exact nature of these experiences, and, there are still no empirical results to characterize the brain dynamics during extreme sport practice. This work aimed at investigating changes in psychological responses while recording physiological (heart rate-HR, and breathing rate-BR) and neural (electroencephalographic-EEG) data of eight volunteers, during outdoors slackline walking in a mountainous environment at two different altitude conditions (1 m-low-walk- and 45 m-high-walk-from the ground). Low-walk showed a higher score on flow scale, while high-walk displayed a higher score in the negative affect aspects, which together point to some level of flow restriction during high-walk. The order of task performance was shown to be relevant for the physiological and neural variables. The brain behavior during flow, mainly considering attention networks, displayed the stimulus-driven ventral attention network-VAN, regionally prevailing (mainly at the frontal lobe), over the goal-directed dorsal attention network-DAN. Therefore, we suggest an interpretation of flow experiences as an opened attention to more changing details in the surroundings, i.e., configured as a 'task-constantly-opened-to-subtle-information experience', rather than a 'task-focused experience'.