RESUMO
We describe a protein proximity inducing therapeutic modality called Regulated Induced Proximity Targeting Chimeras or RIPTACs: heterobifunctional small molecules that elicit a stable ternary complex between a target protein (TP) selectively expressed in tumor cells and a pan-expressed protein essential for cell survival. The resulting co-operative protein-protein interaction (PPI) abrogates the function of the essential protein, thus leading to death selectively in cells expressing the TP. This approach leverages differentially expressed intracellular proteins as novel cancer targets, with the advantage of not requiring the target to be a disease driver. In this chemical biology study, we design RIPTACs that incorporate a ligand against a model TP connected via a linker to effector ligands such as JQ1 (BRD4) or BI2536 (PLK1) or CDK inhibitors such as TMX3013 or dinaciclib. RIPTACs accumulate selectively in cells expressing the HaloTag-FKBP target, form co-operative intracellular ternary complexes, and induce an anti-proliferative response in target-expressing cells.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas , Humanos , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/metabolismo , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/antagonistas & inibidores , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas/química , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas/farmacologia , Bibliotecas de Moléculas Pequenas/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Neoplasias/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias/metabolismo , Neoplasias/patologia , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Triazóis/química , Triazóis/farmacologia , Quinase 1 Polo-Like , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/metabolismo , Proteínas Serina-Treonina Quinases/antagonistas & inibidores , Azepinas/farmacologia , Azepinas/química , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/antagonistas & inibidores , Fatores de Transcrição/metabolismo , Fatores de Transcrição/antagonistas & inibidores , Indolizinas/química , Indolizinas/farmacologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Compostos Bicíclicos Heterocíclicos com Pontes/química , Compostos Bicíclicos Heterocíclicos com Pontes/farmacologia , Ligantes , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/síntese química , Compostos Heterocíclicos com 2 Anéis/farmacologia , Compostos Heterocíclicos com 2 Anéis/química , Compostos Heterocíclicos com 2 Anéis/síntese química , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Proteínas Nucleares/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas que Contêm Bromodomínio , Óxidos N-Cíclicos , Compostos de PiridínioRESUMO
In the current study, two sets of compounds: (E)-1-(2-(4-substitutedphenyl)-2-oxoethyl)-4-((hydroxyimino)methyl)pyridinium derivatives (3a-3e); and (E)-3-(substitutedbenzoyl)-7-((hydroxyimino)methyl)-2-substitutedindolizine-1-carboxylate derivatives (5a-5j), were synthesized and biologically evaluated against two strains of Mycobacterial tuberculosis (ATCC 25177) and multi-drug resistant (MDR) strains. Further, they were also tested in vitro against the mycobacterial InhA enzyme. The in vitro results showed excellent inhibitory activities against both MTB strains and compounds 5a-5j were found to be more potent, and their MIC values ranged from 5 to 16 µg/mL and 16-64 µg/mL against the M. tuberculosis (ATCC 25177) and MDR-TB strains, respectively. Compound 5h with phenyl and 4-fluorobenzoyl groups attached to the 2- and 3-position of the indolizine core was found to be the most active against both strains with MIC values of 5 µg/mL and 16 µg/mL, respectively. On the other hand, the two sets of compounds showed weak to moderate inhibition of InhA enzyme activity that ranged from 5 to 17 % and 10-52 %, respectively, with compound 5f containing 4-fluoro benzoyl group attached to the 3-position of the indolizine core being the most active (52 % inhibition of InhA). Unfortunately, there was no clear correlation between the InhA inhibitory activity and MIC values of the tested compounds, indicating the probability that they might have different modes of action other than InhA inhibition. Therefore, a computational investigation was conducted by employing molecular docking to identify their putative drug target(s) and, consequently, understand their mechanism of action. A panel of 20 essential mycobacterial enzymes was investigated, of which ß-ketoacyl acyl carrier protein synthase I (KasA) and pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent aminotransferase (BioA) enzymes were revealed as putative targets for compounds 3a-3e and 5a-5j, respectively. Moreover, in silico ADMET predictions showed adequate properties for these compounds, making them promising leads worthy of further optimization.
Assuntos
Antituberculosos , Indolizinas , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/efeitos dos fármacos , Mycobacterium tuberculosis/enzimologia , Antituberculosos/farmacologia , Antituberculosos/química , Indolizinas/química , Indolizinas/farmacologia , Simulação de Dinâmica Molecular , Proteínas de Bactérias/antagonistas & inibidores , Proteínas de Bactérias/metabolismo , Proteínas de Bactérias/química , Oxirredutases/antagonistas & inibidores , Oxirredutases/metabolismo , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Thromboembolic events are complications in cancer patients and hypercoagulability has been linked to the tissue factor (TF) pathway, making this an attractive target. Here, we investigated the effects of chemotherapeutics and CDK inhibitors (CDKI) abemaciclib/palbociclib (CDK4/6), THZ-1 (CDK7/12/13), and dinaciclib (CDK1/2/5/9) alone and in combination regimens on TF abundance and coagulation. The human colorectal cancer (CRC) cell line HROC173 was treated with 5-FU or gemcitabine to stimulate TF expression. TF+ cells were sorted, recultured, and re-analyzed. The effect of treatment alone or in combination was assessed by functional assays. Low-dose chemotherapy induced a hypercoagulable state and significantly upregulated TF, even after reculture without treatment. Cells exhibited characteristics of epithelial-mesenchymal transition, including high expression of vimentin and mucin. Dinaciclib and THZ-1 also upregulated TF, while abemaciclib and palbociclib downregulated it. Similar results were observed in coagulation assays. The same anticoagulant activity of abemaciclib was seen after incubation with peripheral immune cells from healthy donors and CRC patients. Abemaciclib reversed 5-FU-induced TF upregulation and prolonged clotting times in second-line treatment. Effects were independent of cytotoxicity, senescence, and p27kip1 induction. TF-antibody blocking experiments confirmed the importance of TF in plasma coagulation, with Factor XII playing a minor role. Short-term abemaciclib counteracts 5-FU-induced hypercoagulation and eventually even prevents thromboembolic events.
Assuntos
Neoplasias do Colo , Quinases Ciclina-Dependentes , Fluoruracila , Tromboplastina , Regulação para Cima , Humanos , Tromboplastina/metabolismo , Tromboplastina/genética , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Fluoruracila/farmacologia , Neoplasias do Colo/metabolismo , Neoplasias do Colo/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias do Colo/patologia , Regulação para Cima/efeitos dos fármacos , Quinases Ciclina-Dependentes/metabolismo , Quinases Ciclina-Dependentes/antagonistas & inibidores , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Aminopiridinas/farmacologia , Benzimidazóis/farmacologia , Compostos de Piridínio/farmacologia , Óxidos N-Cíclicos/farmacologia , Indolizinas/farmacologia , Transição Epitelial-Mesenquimal/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Fascaplysin is a red cytotoxic pigment with anticancer properties isolated from the marine sponge Fascaplysinopsis sp. Recently, structure-activity relationship analysis reported by our group suggested that selective cytotoxicity of fascaplysin derivatives towards tumor cells negatively correlates with their ability to intercalate into DNA. To validate this hypothesis, we synthesized 6- and 7-tert-butylfascaplysins which reveal mitigated DNA-intercalating properties. These derivatives were found to be strongly cytotoxic to drug-resistant human prostate cancer cells, albeit did not demonstrate improved selectivity towards cancer cells when compared to fascaplysin. At the same time, kinome analysis suggested an activation of CHK1/ATR axis in cancer cells shortly after the drug exposure. Further experiments revealed induction of replication stress that is eventually converted to the toxic DNA double-strand breaks, resulting in caspase-independent apoptosis-like cell death. Our observations highlight new DNA-targeting effect of some fascaplysin derivatives and indicate more complex structure-activity relationships within the fascaplysin family, suggesting that cytotoxicity and selectivity of these alkaloids are influenced by multiple factors. Furthermore, combination with clinically-approved inhibitors of ATR/CHK1 as well as testing in tumors particularly sensitive to the DNA damage should be considered in further studies.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Quinase 1 do Ponto de Checagem , Humanos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/química , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Quinase 1 do Ponto de Checagem/metabolismo , Quinase 1 do Ponto de Checagem/antagonistas & inibidores , Indóis/farmacologia , Indóis/química , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Masculino , Proteínas Mutadas de Ataxia Telangiectasia/metabolismo , Proteínas Mutadas de Ataxia Telangiectasia/antagonistas & inibidores , DNA/metabolismo , Animais , Quebras de DNA de Cadeia Dupla/efeitos dos fármacos , Compostos de Amônio Quaternário , Carbolinas , IndolizinasRESUMO
Treatment-naïve small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is typically susceptible to standard-of-care chemotherapy consisting of cisplatin and etoposide recently combined with PD-L1 inhibitors. Yet, in most cases, SCLC patients develop resistance to first-line therapy and alternative therapies are urgently required to overcome this resistance. In this study, we tested the efficacy of dinaciclib, an FDA-orphan drug and inhibitor of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 9, among other CDKs, in SCLC. Furthermore, we report on a newly developed, highly specific CDK9 inhibitor, VC-1, with tumour-killing activity in SCLC. CDK9 inhibition displayed high killing potential in a panel of mouse and human SCLC cell lines. Mechanistically, CDK9 inhibition led to a reduction in MCL-1 and cFLIP anti-apoptotic proteins and killed cells, almost exclusively, by intrinsic apoptosis. While CDK9 inhibition did not synergise with chemotherapy, it displayed high efficacy in chemotherapy-resistant cells. In vivo, CDK9 inhibition effectively reduced tumour growth and improved survival in both autochthonous and syngeneic SCLC models. Together, this study shows that CDK9 inhibition is a promising therapeutic agent against SCLC and could be applied to chemo-refractory or resistant SCLC.
Assuntos
Quinase 9 Dependente de Ciclina , Indolizinas , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Compostos de Piridínio , Carcinoma de Pequenas Células do Pulmão , Quinase 9 Dependente de Ciclina/antagonistas & inibidores , Quinase 9 Dependente de Ciclina/metabolismo , Carcinoma de Pequenas Células do Pulmão/tratamento farmacológico , Carcinoma de Pequenas Células do Pulmão/patologia , Humanos , Animais , Neoplasias Pulmonares/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Camundongos , Compostos de Piridínio/farmacologia , Compostos de Piridínio/uso terapêutico , Indolizinas/farmacologia , Óxidos N-Cíclicos/farmacologia , Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Compostos Bicíclicos Heterocíclicos com Pontes/farmacologia , Compostos Bicíclicos Heterocíclicos com Pontes/uso terapêutico , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Sophoridine, which is derived from the Leguminous plant Sophora alopecuroides L., has certain pharmacological activity as a new anticancer drug. Herein, a series of novel N-substituted sophoridine derivatives was designed, synthesized and evaluated with anticancer activity. Through QSAR prediction models, it was discovered that the introduction of a benzene ring as a main pharmacophore and reintroduced into a benzene in para position on the phenyl ring in the novel sophoridine derivatives improved the anticancer activity effectively. In vitro, 28 novel compounds were evaluated for anticancer activity against four human tumor cell lines (A549, CNE-2, HepG-2, and HEC-1-B). In particular, Compound 26 exhibited remarkable inhibitory effects, with an IC50 value of 15.6 µM against HepG-2 cells, surpassing cis-Dichlorodiamineplatinum (II). Molecular docking studies verified that the derivatives exhibit stronger binding affinity with DNA topoisomerase I compared to sophoridine. In addition, 26 demonstrated significant inhibition of DNA Topoisomerase I and could arrest cells in G0/G1 phase. This study provides valuable insights into the design and synthesis of N-substituted sophoridine derivatives with anticancer activity.
Assuntos
Alcaloides , Matrinas , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Relação Quantitativa Estrutura-Atividade , Quinolizinas , Sophora , Inibidores da Topoisomerase I , Humanos , Inibidores da Topoisomerase I/farmacologia , Inibidores da Topoisomerase I/síntese química , Quinolizinas/farmacologia , Quinolizinas/síntese química , Quinolizinas/química , Estrutura Molecular , Sophora/química , Alcaloides/farmacologia , Alcaloides/síntese química , Alcaloides/química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos Fitogênicos/síntese química , Indolizinas/farmacologia , Indolizinas/química , Indolizinas/síntese química , DNA Topoisomerases Tipo I/metabolismo , Compostos Fitoquímicos/farmacologia , Compostos Fitoquímicos/síntese químicaRESUMO
The development of near-infrared organic fluorescent dyes with tunable emission profiles is highly required in the field of biological sensing and imaging. In this paper, we designed and synthesized two organic fluorescent dyes, DCM-1 and DCM-2, through the hybridization of indolizine and dicyanomethylene-4H-pyran skeleton. These two compounds show near-infrared fluorescence with emission maximum approximately at 640 and 680 nm, respectively. Notably, both DCM-1 and DCM-2 have specific responses to viscosity without being interfered by biological relevant species. Cell experiments demonstrate that DCM-1 and DCM-2 can detect dynamic changes in viscosity within living cells, suggesting their potential applications in chemical biology research.
Assuntos
Corantes Fluorescentes , Indolizinas , Piranos , Indolizinas/química , Indolizinas/síntese química , Viscosidade , Corantes Fluorescentes/química , Corantes Fluorescentes/síntese química , Humanos , Piranos/química , Espectrometria de Fluorescência , Células HeLa , Espectroscopia de Luz Próxima ao Infravermelho/métodosRESUMO
The scaffolds of two known CDK inhibitors (CAN508 and dinaciclib) were the starting point for synthesizing two series of pyarazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines to obtain potent inhibitors with proper selectivity. The study presented four promising compounds; 10d, 10e, 16a, and 16c based on cytotoxic studies. Compound 16a revealed superior activity in the preliminary anticancer screening with GI % = 79.02-99.13 against 15 cancer cell lines at 10 µM from NCI full panel 60 cancer cell lines and was then selected for further investigation. Furthermore, the four compounds revealed good safety profile toward the normal cell lines WI-38. These four compounds were subjected to CDK inhibitory activity against four different isoforms. All of them showed potent inhibition against CDK5/P25 and CDK9/CYCLINT. Compound 10d revealed the best activity against CDK5/P25 (IC50 = 0.063 µM) with proper selectivity index against CDK1 and CDK2. Compound 16c exhibited the highest inhibitory activity against CDK9/CYCLINT (IC50 = 0.074 µM) with good selectivity index against other isoforms. Finally, docking simulations were performed for compounds 10e and 16c accompanied by molecular dynamic simulations to understand their behavior in the active site of the two CDKs with respect to both CAN508 and dinaciclib.
Assuntos
Antineoplásicos , Compostos Bicíclicos Heterocíclicos com Pontes , Óxidos N-Cíclicos , Desenho de Fármacos , Indolizinas , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases , Compostos de Piridínio , Humanos , Compostos de Piridínio/farmacologia , Compostos de Piridínio/química , Indolizinas/farmacologia , Indolizinas/química , Compostos Bicíclicos Heterocíclicos com Pontes/farmacologia , Compostos Bicíclicos Heterocíclicos com Pontes/química , Óxidos N-Cíclicos/farmacologia , Óxidos N-Cíclicos/química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/síntese química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/química , Quinases Ciclina-Dependentes/antagonistas & inibidores , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Pirimidinas/farmacologia , Pirimidinas/química , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Quinase 5 Dependente de Ciclina/antagonistas & inibidores , Quinase 5 Dependente de Ciclina/metabolismo , Quinase 9 Dependente de Ciclina/antagonistas & inibidores , Quinase 9 Dependente de Ciclina/metabolismoRESUMO
Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is induced by the expression of the fused tyrosine kinase BCR-ABL, which is caused by a chromosomal translocation. BCR-ABL inhibitors have been used to treat CML; however, the acquisition of resistance by CML cells during treatment is a serious issue. We herein demonstrated that BCR-ABL induced the expression of the RNA helicase DDX5 in K562 cells derived from CML patients in a manner that was dependent on its kinase activity, which resulted in cell proliferation and survival. The knockout of DDX5 decreased the expression of BIRC5 (survivin) and activated caspase 3, leading to apoptosis in K562 cells. Similar results were obtained in cells treated with FL118, an inhibitor of DDX5 and a derivative compound of camptothecin (CPT). Furthermore, FL118 potently induced apoptosis not only in Ba/F3 cells expressing BCR-ABL, but also in those expressing the BCR-ABL T315I mutant, which is resistant to BCR-ABL inhibitors. Collectively, these results revealed that DDX5 is a critical therapeutic target in CML and that FL118 is an effective candidate compound for the treatment of BCR-ABL inhibitor-resistant CML.
Assuntos
Indolizinas , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva , Leucemia Mieloide , Humanos , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/tratamento farmacológico , Leucemia Mielogênica Crônica BCR-ABL Positiva/genética , Benzodioxóis , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologiaRESUMO
The fascaplysin and homofascaplysin class of marine natural products has a characteristic 12H-pyrido[1,2-a:3,4-b']diindole pentacyclic structure. Fascaplysin was isolated in 1988 from the marine sponge Fascaplysinopsis bergquist sp. The analogs of fascaplysin, such as homofascaplysins A, B, and C, were discovered late in the Fijian sponge F. reticulate, and also have potent antimicrobial activity and strong cytotoxicity against L-1210 mouse leukemia. In this review, the total synthesis of fascaplysin and its analogs, such as homofascaplysins A, B, and C, will be reviewed, which will offer useful information for medicinal chemistry researchers who are interested in the exploration of marine alkaloids.
Assuntos
Alcaloides , Antineoplásicos , Produtos Biológicos , Carbolinas , Indóis , Indolizinas , Poríferos , Compostos de Amônio Quaternário , Animais , Camundongos , Alcaloides/farmacologia , BandagensRESUMO
Upregulation of the multidrug efflux pump ABCB1/MDR1 (P-gp) and the anti-apoptotic protein BIRC5/Survivin promotes multidrug resistance in various human cancers. GDC-0152 is a DIABLO/SMAC mimetic currently being tested in patients with solid tumors. However, it is still unclear whether GDC-0152 is therapeutically applicable for patients with ABCB1-overexpressing multidrug-resistant tumors, and the molecular mechanism of action of GDC-0152 in cancer cells is still incompletely understood. In this study, we found that the potency of GDC-0152 is unaffected by the expression of ABCB1 in cancer cells. Interestingly, through in silico and in vitro analysis, we discovered that GDC-0152 directly modulates the ABCB1-ATPase activity and inhibits ABCB1 multidrug efflux activity at sub-cytotoxic concentrations (i.e., 0.25×IC50 or less). Further investigation revealed that GDC-0152 also decreases BIRC5 expression, induces mitophagy, and lowers intracellular ATP levels in cancer cells at low cytotoxic concentrations (i.e., 0.5×IC50). Co-treatment with GDC-0152 restored the sensitivity to the known ABCB1 substrates, including paclitaxel, vincristine, and YM155 in ABCB1-expressing multidrug-resistant cancer cells, and it also restored the sensitivity to tamoxifen in BIRC5-overexpressing tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer cells in vitro. Moreover, co-treatment with GDC-0152 restored and potentiated the anticancer effects of paclitaxel in ABCB1 and BIRC5 co-expressing xenograft tumors in vivo. In conclusion, GDC-0152 has the potential for use in the management of cancer patients with ABCB1 and BIRC5-related drug resistance. The findings of our study provide essential information to physicians for designing a more patient-specific GDC-0152 clinical trial program in the future.
Assuntos
Subfamília B de Transportador de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP , Benzodioxóis , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos , Indolizinas , Survivina , Humanos , Subfamília B de Transportador de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/genética , Subfamília B de Transportador de Cassetes de Ligação de ATP/metabolismo , Survivina/genética , Survivina/metabolismo , Animais , Resistencia a Medicamentos Antineoplásicos/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Feminino , Camundongos Nus , Camundongos , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto , Proteínas Reguladoras de Apoptose/metabolismo , Resistência a Múltiplos Medicamentos/efeitos dos fármacos , Paclitaxel/farmacologia , Proteínas Mitocondriais/metabolismo , Proteínas Mitocondriais/genética , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Proteínas Inibidoras de Apoptose/metabolismo , Proteínas Inibidoras de Apoptose/genéticaRESUMO
In vivo fluorescence imaging in the shortwave infrared (SWIR, 1,000-1,700 nm) and extended SWIR (ESWIR, 1,700-2,700 nm) regions has tremendous potential for diagnostic imaging. Although image contrast has been shown to improve as longer wavelengths are accessed, the design and synthesis of organic fluorophores that emit in these regions is challenging. Here we synthesize a series of silicon-RosIndolizine (SiRos) fluorophores that exhibit peak emission wavelengths from 1,300-1,700 nm and emission onsets of 1,800-2,200 nm. We characterize the fluorophores photophysically (both steady-state and time-resolved), electrochemically and computationally using time-dependent density functional theory. Using two of the fluorophores (SiRos1300 and SiRos1550), we formulate nanoemulsions and use them for general systemic circulatory SWIR fluorescence imaging of the cardiovascular system in mice. These studies resulted in high-resolution SWIR images with well-defined vasculature visible throughout the entire circulatory system. This SiRos scaffold establishes design principles for generating long-wavelength emitting SWIR and ESWIR fluorophores.
Assuntos
Corantes Fluorescentes , Raios Infravermelhos , Imagem Óptica , Silício , Corantes Fluorescentes/química , Corantes Fluorescentes/síntese química , Silício/química , Animais , Camundongos , Indolizinas/química , Indolizinas/síntese química , Teoria da Densidade FuncionalRESUMO
In the present work, we synthesized a small library of 2-phenylindolizine acetamide derivatives 7a-i and studied their biological activity. The synthesis was accomplished starting with easily available starting material phenacyl bromide 1 proceeding through the key intermediate 6-methyl-7-nitro-2-phenylindolizine 4. All the compounds 7a-i were characterized using spectroscopy viz., 1H-NMR, 13C NMR, FTIR, and mass spectrometry. Interestingly, 2-phenylindolizine scaffolds 7c, 7f and 7g revealed a remarkable antibacterial activity against relevant organisms S. aureus, E. coli, S. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa. The target compounds 7e and 7h showed excellent anticancer activity against Colo-205 and MDA-MB-231â cell lines with IC50 values of 68.62, 62.91, 54.23 and 46.34â µM respectively. Additionally, all the 2-phenylindolizine acetamide derivatives 7a-i were subjected to molecular docking prediction by Autodock 4.2. Compounds 7a, 7f and 7c exhibited very good hydrogen bonding amino acid interactions Asp83 (2.23â Å), Asp83 (2.08â Å), His74 (2.05â Å), His76 (1.71â Å), Ser80 (1.05â Å) with active site of Topoisomerase-IV from S. pneumoniae (4KPE). Further, the compounds 7a-i have revealed acceptable ranges for drug-likeliness properties upon evaluation using SwissADME for ADMET and physiochemical properties.
Assuntos
Acetamidas , Antineoplásicos , Desenho de Fármacos , Ensaios de Seleção de Medicamentos Antitumorais , Indolizinas , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Humanos , Acetamidas/química , Acetamidas/farmacologia , Acetamidas/síntese química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/síntese química , Antibacterianos/química , Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Antineoplásicos/síntese química , Antineoplásicos/química , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Proliferação de Células/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Indolizinas/química , Indolizinas/farmacologia , Indolizinas/síntese química , Estrutura Molecular , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Indóis/síntese química , Indóis/química , Indóis/farmacologiaRESUMO
The genus Vincetoxicum includes a couple of highly invasive vines in North America that threaten biodiversity and challenge land management strategies. Vincetoxicum species are known to produce bioactive phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids that might play a role in the invasiveness of these plants via chemical interactions with other organisms. Untargeted, high-resolution mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approaches were used to explore specialized metabolism in Vincetoxicum plants collected from invaded sites in Ontario, Canada. All metabolites corresponding to alkaloids in lab and field samples of V. rossicum and V. nigrum were identified, which collectively contained 25 different alkaloidal features. The biosynthesis of these alkaloids was investigated by the incorporation of the stable isotope-labelled phenylalanine precursor providing a basis for an updated biosynthetic pathway accounting for the rapid generation of chemical diversity in invasive Vincetoxicum. Aqueous extracts of aerial Vincetoxicum rossicum foliage had phytotoxic activity against seedlings of several species, resulting in identification of tylophorine as a phytotoxin; tylophorine and 14 other alkaloids from Vincetoxicum accumulated in soils associated with full-sun and a high-density of V. rossicum. Using desorption-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, 15 alkaloids were found to accumulate at wounded sites of V. rossicum leaves, a chemical cocktail that would be encountered by feeding herbivores. Understanding the specialized metabolism of V. rossicum provides insight into the roles and influences of phenanthroindolizidine alkaloids in ecological systems and enables potential, natural product-based approaches for the control of invasive Vincetoxicum and other weedy species.
Assuntos
Alcaloides , Indolizinas , Fenantrenos , Vincetoxicum , Espectrometria de MassasRESUMO
Series of 7-(Trifluoromethyl) substituted indolizine 4a-g was synthesized using the one-pot method. Spectroscopic techniques such as IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and HRMS were used for the structure confirmation of newly synthesized compounds. These 4a-g compounds were tested for their anti-inflammatory activity. In this study, we identified novel indolizine derivative compounds 4a-g selectively targeting COX-2 enzyme, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and, interleukin-6 (IL-6). The in silico docking studies of 4a-g showed that these compounds have a higher affinity for COX-2 enzyme, TNF- α, and IL-6. In silico ADME profile analysis predicts that these compounds have good gastrointestinal tract and blood-brain barrier absorption. In vitro studies showed that compound 4d significantly reduces the level of COX-2 enzymes as compared to indomethacin. Compounds 4e, 4f, and 4a were also found to significantly reduce the level of TNF-α, while compounds 4f, 4g, and 4d, showed a reduction in the level of IL-6 when compared to indomethacin. Compounds 4a, 4d, and 4f also reduces nitric oxide (NO) level, compared to indomethacin. Overall, the current study illustrates significant anti-inflammatory activities of these novel 7-(Trifluoromethyl) substituted indolizine derivatives.
Assuntos
Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides , Indolizinas , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/química , Ciclo-Oxigenase 2/metabolismo , Estrutura Molecular , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa , Interleucina-6 , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Indometacina , Indolizinas/química , Simulação de Acoplamento MolecularRESUMO
The effectiveness of natural killer (NK) cells transferred adoptively in combating solid tumours is limited by challenges such as their difficulty in penetrating tumours from the bloodstream and maintaining viability without the support of interleukin-2 (IL-2). Genetically modified NK-92MI cells, which can release IL-2 to sustain their viability, have been identified as a promising alternative. This adaptation addresses the negative consequences of systemic IL-2 administration. The role of PSD-95/discs large/ZO-1 (PDZ)-binding kinase (PBK) in cancer development is recognized, but its effects on immunity are not fully understood. This study explores how PBK expression influences the ability of NK-92MI cells to infiltrate ovarian tumours. Elevated levels of PBK expression have been found in various cancers, including ovarian cancer (OV), with analyses showing higher PBK mRNA levels in tumour tissues compared to normal ones. Immunohistochemistry has confirmed increased PBK expression in OV tissues. Investigations into PBK's role in immune regulation reveal its association with immune cell infiltration, indicating a potentially compromised immune environment in OV with high PBK expression. The small-molecule inhibitor HI-TOPK-032, which inhibits PBK, enhances the cytotoxicity of NK-92MI cells toward OV cells. It increases the production of interferon-γ and tumour necrosis factor-α, reduces apoptosis and encourages cell proliferation. Mechanistic studies showed that contact with OV cells treated with HI-TOPK-032 upregulates CD107a on NK-92 cells. In vivo studies demonstrated that HI-TOPK-032 improves the antitumour effects of NK-92MI cells in OVCAR3Luc xenografts, extending survival without significant side effects. Safety assessments in mice confirm HI-TOPK-032's favourable safety profile, highlighting its potential as a viable antitumour therapy. These results suggest that combining NK-92MI cells with HI-TOPK-032 enhances antitumour effectiveness against OV, indicating a promising, safe and effective treatment strategy that warrants further clinical investigation.
Assuntos
Indolizinas , Interleucina-2 , Neoplasias Ovarianas , Quinoxalinas , Humanos , Camundongos , Animais , Feminino , Apoptose , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Neoplasias Ovarianas/tratamento farmacológico , MAP Quinases Reguladas por Sinal Extracelular , Células Matadoras NaturaisRESUMO
The filamentous temperature-sensitive mutant Z protein (FtsZ), a key player in bacterial cell division machinery, emerges as an attractive target to tackle the plight posed by the ever growing antibiotic resistance over the world. Therefore in this regard, agents with scaffold diversities and broad-spectrum antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens are highly needed. In this study, a new class of marine-derived fascaplysin derivatives has been designed and synthesized by Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling. Some compounds exhibited potent bactericidal activities against a panel of Gram-positive (MIC = 0.024-6.25 µg/mL) and Gram-negative (MIC = 1.56-12.5 µg/mL) bacteria including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). They exerted their effects by dual action mechanism via disrupting the integrity of the bacterial cell membrane and targeting FtsZ protein. These compounds stimulated polymerization of FtsZ monomers and bundling of the polymers, and stabilized the resulting polymer network, thus leading to the dysfunction of FtsZ in cell division. In addition, these agents showed negligible hemolytic activity and low cytotoxicity to mammalian cells. The studies on docking and molecular dynamics simulations suggest that these inhibitors bind to the hydrophilic inter-domain cleft of FtsZ protein and the insights obtained in this study would facilitate the development of potential drugs with broad-spectrum bioactivities.
Assuntos
Carbolinas , Indóis , Indolizinas , Staphylococcus aureus Resistente à Meticilina , Compostos de Amônio Quaternário , Animais , Proteínas de Bactérias , Proteínas do Citoesqueleto , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Mamíferos/metabolismoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Most patients with testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs) are treated with cisplatin (CP)-based chemotherapy. However, some of them may develop CP resistance and therefore represent a clinical challenge. Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) is involved in chemotherapy resistance in different types of cancer. Here, we investigated the possible role of CDK5 and other CDKs targeted by dinaciclib in nonseminoma cell models (both CP-sensitive and CP-resistant), evaluating the potential of the CDK inhibitor dinaciclib as a single/combined agent for the treatment of advanced/metastatic testicular cancer (TC). METHODS: The effects of dinaciclib and CP on sensitive and resistant NT2/D1 and NCCIT cell viability and proliferation were evaluated using MTT assays and direct count methods. Flow cytometry cell-cycle analysis was performed. The protein expression was assessed via Western blotting. The in vivo experiments were conducted in zebrafish embryos xenografted with TC cells. RESULTS: Among all the CDKs analyzed, CDK5 protein expression was significantly higher in CP-resistant models. Dinaciclib reduced the cell viability and proliferation in each cell model, inducing changes in cell-cycle distribution. In drug combination experiments, dinaciclib enhances the CP effect both in vitro and in the zebrafish model. CONCLUSIONS: Dinaciclib, when combined with CP, could be useful for improving nonseminoma TC response to CP.
Assuntos
Cisplatino , Óxidos N-Cíclicos , Indolizinas , Neoplasias Embrionárias de Células Germinativas , Compostos de Piridínio , Neoplasias Testiculares , Masculino , Animais , Humanos , Cisplatino/farmacologia , Peixe-Zebra , Proliferação de Células , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologiaRESUMO
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells are emerging as an effective antitumoral therapy. However, their therapeutic effects on solid tumors are limited because of their short survival time and the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Memory T cells respond more vigorously and persist longer than their naïve/effector counterparts. Therefore, promoting CAR T-cell development into memory T cells could further enhance their antitumoral effects. HI-TOPK-032 is a T-LAK cell-originated protein kinase (TOPK)-specific inhibitor that moderately represses some types of tumors. However, it is unknown whether HI-TOPK-032 works on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and whether it impacts antitumoral immunity. Using both subcutaneous and orthotopic xenograft tumor models of two human HCC cell lines, Huh-7 and HepG2, we found that HI-TOPK-032 significantly improved proliferation/persistence of CD8+ CAR T cells, as evidenced by an increase in CAR T-cell counts or frequency of Ki-67+CD8+ cells and a decrease in PD-1+LAG-3+TIM-3+CD8+ CAR T cells in vivo. Although HI-TOPK-032 did not significantly suppress HCC growth, it enhanced the capacity of CAR T cells to inhibit tumor growth. Moreover, HI-TOPK-032 augmented central memory CD8+ T cell (TCM) frequency while increasing eomesodermin expression in CD8+ CAR T cells in tumor-bearing mice. Moreover, it augmented CD8+ CAR TCM cells in vitro and reduced their expression of immune checkpoint molecules. Finally, HI-TOPK-032 inhibited mTOR activation in CAR T cells in vitro and in tumors, whereas overactivation of mTOR reversed the effects of HI-TOPK-032 on CD8+ TCM cells and tumor growth. Thus, our studies have revealed mechanisms underlying the antitumoral effects of HI-TOPK-032 while advancing CAR T-cell immunotherapy.
Assuntos
Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Imunoterapia Adotiva , Indolizinas , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Células T de Memória , Quinoxalinas , Animais , Humanos , Camundongos , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/terapia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/imunologia , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patologia , Linfócitos T CD8-Positivos/imunologia , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Imunoterapia Adotiva/métodos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/imunologia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patologia , Células T de Memória/efeitos dos fármacos , Células T de Memória/imunologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêutico , Receptores de Antígenos Quiméricos/imunologia , Microambiente Tumoral/imunologia , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto , Indolizinas/farmacologia , Indolizinas/uso terapêutico , Quinoxalinas/farmacologia , Quinoxalinas/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Based on the results of our own preliminary studies, the derivative of the marine alkaloid fascaplysin containing a phenyl substituent at C-9 was selected to evaluate the therapeutic potential in vivo and in vitro. It was shown that this compound has outstandingly high antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, including antibiotic-resistant strains in vitro. The presence of a substituent at C-9 of the framework is of fundamental importance, since its replacement to neighboring positions leads to a sharp decrease in the selectivity of the antibacterial action, which indicates the presence of a specific therapeutic target in bacterial cells. On a model of the acute bacterial sepsis in mice, it was shown that the lead compound was more effective than the reference antibiotic vancomycin seven out of nine times. However, ED50 value for 9-phenylfascaplysin (7) was similar for the unsubstituted fascaplysin (1) in vivo, despite the former being significantly more active than the latter in vitro. Similarly, assessments of the anticancer activity of compound 7 against various variants of Ehrlich carcinoma in mice demonstrated its substantial efficacy. To conduct a structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis and searches of new candidate compounds, we synthesized a series of analogs of 9-phenylfascaplysin with varying aryl substituents. However, these modifications led to the reduced aqueous solubility of fascaplysin derivatives or caused a loss of their antibacterial activity. As a result, further research is required to explore new avenues for enhancing its pharmacokinetic characteristics, the modification of the heterocyclic framework, and optimizing of treatment regimens to harness the remarkable antimicrobial potential of fascaplysin for practical usage.