De humani corporis fabrica, Libri septem (Andreas Vesalius, 1543) en México: Estudio Bibliológico del Primer Volumen en América / De humani corporis fabrica, Libri septem (Andreas Vesalius, 1543) in Mexico: Bibliologic Study of the First Volume in America

De humani corporis fabrica libri septem es un libro del médico y anatomista renacentista flamenco Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564), quien fue profesor de Anatomía en la Universidad de Padua y médico de la corte del emperador Carlos V. En ella se puede apreciar por primera vez a detalle, (en un compendio de siete libros), una lección académica docta de anatomía del cuerpo humano, basada en disecciones directas del cadáver, hecha y documentada por un joven profesor (Vesalio con 28 años), a sus alumnos de Medicina. Esta obra fue impresa en latín ciceroniano y publicada en Basilea en 1543 en el taller del humanista, lingüista e impresor Johannes Oporinus (1507-1568), e ilustrada probablemente, por artistas del taller de Ticiano como Jan Stephan van Calcar (1499-1546). Considerada hoy como una joya literaria, científica y artística, la fabrica de Vesalio de 1543, fue un hito en la Historia de la Medicina y es considerada como la obra fundacional de los atlas de anatomía modernos y el sustento del método de enseñanza de la disciplina en la carrera de Medicina en todo el mundo. Este volumen original mexicano, considerado hoy patrimonio de la humanidad por la UNESCO y primero de su tipo en América desde el siglo XVI, se encuentra en México como parte del acervo de libros raros y antiguos de la Biblioteca Palafoxiana en la ciudad de Puebla. En este artículo se describen y documentan por primera vez a detalle desde su fuente original, sus características.

SUMMARY: De humani corporis fabrica libri septem is a book written by the Flemish Renaissance physician and anatomist Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564), who was a professor of anatomy at the University of Padua and physician to the court of Emperor Charles V. It is in this book that for the very first time in detail, a learned academic lesson on the anatomy of the human body can be observed, in a compendium of seven books, based on direct dissections of the corpse, created and documented by a young professor (Vesalius at the age of 28) for his Medicine students. This work was printed in ciceronian latin and published in Basel in 1543 in the workshop of the humanist, linguist, and printer Johannes Oporinus (1507-1568), and illustrated by artists from the Titian workshop such as Jan Stephan van Calcar (1499-1546). Nowadays considered a literary, scientific and artistic jewel, Vesalius´fabrica of 1543 was a milestone in the history of medicine and is considered the foundation work of modern anatomy atlases, and basis for the teaching method of the discipline in medical careers worldwide. This original Mexican volume, is now considered part of UNESCO World Heritage and is the first book of its kind in America since the 16th century. It is part of the old and rare book collection of the Palafoxiana Library in the city of Puebla in Mexico. In this article, its characteristics are described and for the first time, documented in detail from its original source.

Links between booksharing and early vocabulary development in Costa Rica.

Early vocabulary development is crucial for future cognitive and academic outcomes, and parent-child booksharing has been recognized as a powerful home literacy practice to promote word learning. However, evidence about the link between booksharing and language development in diverse cultural and socioeconomic settings is currently limited, hindering the formulation of a broadly applicable framework to understand the favorable conditions for early vocabulary development. This study explores the relationship between booksharing and early receptive and expressive vocabulary in a sample of 183 mothers and their toddlers in Costa Rica, a context where reading is not a common practice and children have limited access to books. Mothers completed an interview about their booksharing practices and reported children's receptive and expressive vocabulary. Results demonstrated a positive link between maternal booksharing and children's expressive vocabulary. Child gender moderated the link between booksharing and receptive vocabulary, exhibiting a stronger association in girls than in boys. Mothers with lower education levels reported higher expressive vocabulary scores for their children than mothers with higher education levels. These findings underscore the significance of booksharing in the home literacy environment, even in cultural contexts with distinct reading practices. Moreover, they highlight the need to incorporate sociocultural factors into comprehensive accounts concerning the role of booksharing in early word learning.

Using full-text content to characterize and identify best seller books: A study of early 20th-century literature.

Artistic pieces can be studied from several perspectives, one example being their reception among readers over time. In the present work, we approach this interesting topic from the standpoint of literary works, particularly assessing the task of predicting whether a book will become a best seller. Unlike previous approaches, we focused on the full content of books and considered visualization and classification tasks. We employed visualization for the preliminary exploration of the data structure and properties, involving SemAxis and linear discriminant analyses. To obtain quantitative and more objective results, we employed various classifiers. Such approaches were used along with a dataset containing (i) books published from 1895 to 1923 and consecrated as best sellers by the Publishers Weekly Bestseller Lists and (ii) literary works published in the same period but not being mentioned in that list. Our comparison of methods revealed that the best-achieved result-combining a bag-of-words representation with a logistic regression classifier-led to an average accuracy of 0.75 both for the leave-one-out and 10-fold cross-validations. Such an outcome enhances the difficulty in predicting the success of books with high accuracy, even using the full content of the texts. Nevertheless, our findings provide insights into the factors leading to the relative success of a literary work.

Diferenças e semelhanças artísticas entre o classicismo, o romantismo e walden two / Artistic differences and similarities between classicism, romanticism, and walden two / Diferencias y similitudes artísticas entre el clasicismo, el romanticismo y walden two

O interesse de B. F. Skinner pela arte pode ser observado em diferentes publicações, com destaque para o livro Walden two (1948). Nele, Skinner considera as produções artísticas fundamentais para o estabelecimento de um ambiente social igualitário e feliz, mencionando, por consequência, uma pluralidade de obras de arte. Dada a relevância teórico-científica do livro, bem como sua diversidade artística, este artigo buscou compreender a arte descrita em Walden two com base nas vertentes artísticas tradicionais do classicismo e do romantismo. Trechos do livro que mencionavam palavras-chave associadas à arte foram compilados em tabelas e analisados de acordo com atributos clássicos e românticos, descritos por textos especializados. Foram identificadas seis principais modalidades artísticas na ficção skinneriana (literatura, teatro, música, artes plásticas, arquitetura e moda), que apresentam similaridades com o racionalismo clássico e o sentimentalismo romântico, bem como outras características que as diferenciam dessas vertentes. Conclui-se, assim, que a arte de Walden two está situada em um pluralismo artístico, que também indica a possibilidade de o comportamentalismo radical ser interpretado como uma filosofia da arte.(AU)

B. F. Skinner's interest in artistic productions can be seen in different publications, with the book Walden two (1948) standing out. In it, Skinner considers the artistic production for establishing an equalitarian and happy social environment, mentioning, thus, an array of artworks. Given the theoretical-scientific relevance of the book, as well as its artistic diversity, this article aimed understand the artworks described in Walden two based on a classic and romantic traditional artistic styles. Excerpts of the book that mentioned keywords related to art were researched and compiled in tables and analyzed according to classical and romantic attributes, described by specialized texts. Six main artistic categories were identified in Skinnerian fiction (literature, theater, music, visual arts, architecture, and fashion), that show similar characteristics to classic rationalism and romantic sentimentalism, as well as other characteristics that differentiate them from these strands. In conclusion, the art on Walden two exists in a state of artistic pluralism, which also highlights the possibility of radical behaviorism being interpreted as a philosophy of art.(AU)

El interés de B. F. Skinner por el arte puede ser observado en diferentes publicaciones, especialmente en el libro Walden two (1948). El autor plantea en esta obra las producciones artísticas fundamentales para el establecimiento de un entorno social igualitario y feliz, mencionando, en consecuencia, una pluralidad de obras de arte. Dada la relevancia teórico-científica del libro, así como su diversidad artística, este artículo busco comprender el arte descrito en Walden two desde las corrientes artísticas tradicionales del clasicismo y el romanticismo. Los extractos del libro que mencionaban palabras clave asociadas con el arte se recopilaron en tablas y se analizaron de acuerdo con los atributos clásicos y románticos descritos por textos especializados. Se identificaron seis modalidades artísticas principales en la ficción skinneriana (literatura, teatro, música, artes plásticas, arquitectura y moda), que presentan similitudes con el racionalismo clásico y el sentimentalismo romántico, así como otras características que las diferencian de estas vertientes. Así, se concluye que el arte de Walden two se sitúa en un pluralismo artístico, lo que destaca la posibilidad de que el conductismo radical sea interpretado como una filosofía del arte.(AU)

Knowledge level of children with Down Syndrome's parents before and after reading electronic book "Tooth Injuries in Children with Down Syndrome / Nível de conhecimento dos pais de crianças com Síndrome de Down antes e depois da leitura do livro eletrônico "Traumatismos Dentários em Crianças com Síndrome de Down

Objective: To analyse the knowledge level before and after reading electronic book "Tooth Injuries in Children with Down Syndrome" through children with Down syndrome's Parents. Material and Methods: This study was conducted at three special need school type C (designed to the mentally disabled children) in Jakarta and POTADS Foundation, with 37 eligible parents. Book and questionnaire used were developed and modified from the guidelines of tooth injuries on typical children, with special consideration of children with Down syndrome. Validity and reliability were tested through discussion with experts, dentists, and children with Down syndrome's parents. Knowledge was measured twice, before and after reading electronic book for 10 minutes each step using same questionnaire. The total scores were categorized as follows: good (12-15), fair (9-11), and poor (0-8). Difference knowledge scores were statistically tested. Results: Mean of total score before and after reading were 6.62 (poor); 10.51 (fair), respectively. Difference score was statistically significant (p=0,001) using paired T-test. Conclusion: The electronic book "Tooth Injuries in Children with Down Syndrome" was developed and modified by authors and needs to be evaluated by measuring the knowledge level of parents of children with Down syndrome. The measurement conducted showed that there is a difference in the level of knowledge of parents before and after reading the electronic book "Tooth Injuries in Children with Down Syndrome."(AU)

Objetivo: Analisar o nível de conhecimento dos pais de crianças com Síndrome de Down antes e depois de lerem o livro eletrônico "Traumatismos Dentários em Crianças com Síndrome de Down". Material e Métodos: Este estudo foi conduzido em três escolas de necessidades especiais tipo C (destinadas a crianças com deficiência mental) em Jacarta e na Fundação POTADS, com 37 pais elegíveis. O livro e o questionário utilizados foram desenvolvidos e modificados a partir das diretrizes sobre lesões dentárias em crianças típicas, com consideração especial para crianças com Síndrome de Down. A validade e a confiabilidade foram testadas por meio de discussões com especialistas, dentistas e pais de crianças com Síndrome de Down. O conhecimento foi medido duas vezes, antes e depois da leitura do livro eletrônico por 10 minutos em cada etapa, utilizando o mesmo questionário. As pontuações totais foram categorizadas da seguinte forma: bom (12-15), razoável (9-11) e ruim (0-8). A diferença nas pontuações de conhecimento foi testada estatisticamente. Resultados: A média da pontuação total antes e depois da leitura foi de 6,62 (ruim) e 10,51 (razoável), respectivamente. A diferença na pontuação foi estatisticamente significativa (p=0,001) usando o teste T pareado. Conclusão: O livro eletrônico "Traumatismos Dentários em Crianças com Síndrome de Down" foi desenvolvido e modificado pelos autores e precisa ser avaliado medindo o nível de conhecimento dos pais de crianças com Síndrome de Down. A medição realizada mostrou que há uma diferença no nível de conhecimento dos pais antes e depois de lerem o livro eletrônico "Traumatismos Dentários em Crianças com Síndrome de Down"(AU)

"Social malaise... demonic agitation:" anarchism according to the criminology of the French physician Alexandre Lacassagne. / "Mal-estar social... uma agitação demoníaca": o anarquismo segundo a criminologia do médico francês Alexandre Lacassagne.

This article analyzes the way anarchism and its followers were understood in L'assassinat du président Carnot, by the French physician Alexandre Lacassagne. A few months before the book was published, in June 1894, the president of France, Sadi Carnot, had been killed by the Italian anarchist Sante Geronimo Caserio. Lacassagne was called upon to perform the autopsy of Carnot's body and a psychiatric examination of Caserio. The results of these two analyses were published in the aforementioned book. He made his observations on the anarchist in the broader context of criminological debates pursued in the late nineteenth century, which were not restricted solely to the authors of Italian criminology.

O artigo analisa a maneira como o anarquismo e os seus adeptos foram compreendidos na obra do médico Alexandre Lacassagne L'assassinat du président Carnot (1894). Poucos meses antes da circulação do livro, em junho, o presidente da França, Sadi Carnot, foi morto pelo anarquista italiano Sante Geronimo Caserio. Em razão desse atentado, Lacassagne foi convocado para realizar a autópsia do corpo de Carnot e um exame psiquiátrico de Caserio. Os resultados dessas duas análises foram publicados na referida obra. As suas observações sobre o ácrata estavam inseridas nos debates criminológicos promovidos no final do século XIX, os quais não se restringiram unicamente aos autores da criminologia italiana.

Validation of comic book about burn prevention and first aid for adults.

OBJECTIVE: To develop and validate a comic book for the adult population about prevention and first aid for burns. METHOD: Applied quantitative research conducted at a university hospital, guided by the Social Cognitive Theory. A comic book was developed, followed by Content Validation with 12 experts and Semantic Validation with 30 adults. The Educational Content Validation Instrument in Health and Suitability Assessment of Materials were used for data collection and the analysis was carried out by Content Validity Index, with a minimum of 0.8. RESULTS: The final version has ten pages, both printed and virtual form. The overall agreement rate was 0.963 in content and 0.987 in semantics. The main adjustments were in the language and layout of the cover. CONCLUSION: The levels of agreement were satisfactory, determining the validity of the Comic Book, configuring it as a simple and accessible resource for health education about burns for adults.

[A review of dialogic reading intervention in children with developmental language disorder]. / Revisión de la intervención mediante lectura dialógica en niños con trastornos del desarrollo del lenguaje.

INTRODUCTION: Dialogic reading is one of the most used and studied techniques within the frame of shared book reading activities between children and adults. The current review aims to analyze its effects in late talkers and children with developmental language disorder, that is, not associated to other condition. METHODS: A systematic review of the literature was carried out following PRISMA Statement guidelines. RESULTS: The investigations reviewed show advances in children's lexical, grammatical and pragmatic indicators of language functioning. Likewise, changes are observed in the language of adults who apply the intervention, both in the use of dialogic reading strategies and in the grammatical and suprasegmental features of the language addressed to children. DISCUSSION: The evidence about the effectivity of dialogic reading in late talkers and children with developmental language disorders is promising but has important limitations that are mainly related to the design, social validity and reliability of interventions. Other remarkable issues relate to the books or materials employed and the measures used to assess its effectiveness.

Introducción: La lectura dialógica es una de las técnicas más empleadas y estudiadas en el marco de las actividades de lectura compartida de libros entre niños y adultos. La presente revisión sistemática tiene como objetivo principal analizar sus efectos en el lenguaje de niños hablantes tardíos o con trastorno del desarrollo del lenguaje, no asociados a otra condición. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática de la literatura siguiendo las orientaciones del PRISMA Statement, mediante la consulta con diferentes bases de datos. Resultados: Las investigaciones revisadas muestran progresos en el lenguaje de los niños en indicadores léxicos, gramaticales y pragmáticos. También se observan cambios en el lenguaje de los adultos que aplican la intervención, tanto en el uso de las estrategias propias de la técnica como en las características gramaticales y suprasegmentales de su lenguaje. Discusión: La evidencia sobre la efectividad de la lectura dialógica en niños con trastornos del desarrollo lenguaje es prometedora pero presenta limitaciones importantes relativas, fundamentalmente, al diseño, la validez social y la fiabilidad de las intervenciones. Otras cuestiones destacables hacen referencia a los libros o materiales con los que se interactúa y a las medidas empleadas para valorar su efectividad.

Teoria da Autodeterminação e Paixão para o esporte: revisão narrativa / Self-determination theory and passion for sport: narrative review / Teoría de la autodeterminación y pasión por el deporte: revisión narrativa

Objetivo: Definir conceitos, analisar e relacionar artigos sobre a Paixão e a Teoria da Autodeterminação (TAD) -como componentes da Psicologia Positiva -no esporte. Método:Foram coletados artigos utilizando a base de dados "Periódicos Capes", além de materiais de posse das próprias autoras, como textos e livros, que incluíam uma ou mais das seguintes temáticas: Teoria da Autodeterminação e/ou Motivação, Paixão, Esporte e Atividade Física. Resultados e discussão: Foram incluídos 2 livros, 2 capítulos de livros, 19 artigos e uma dissertação de Mestrado, que atendiam o critério das autoras de contribuir na conceituação de terminologias e na integração das áreas pesquisadas. Com a leitura dos textos, foi possível discutir, analisar e relacionar a teoria da autodeterminação, a motivação e a paixão no contexto esportivo. Apesar de ter sido possível a construção de vínculos entre a Psicologia Positiva e a Psicologia do Esporte, evidenciam-se limitações nesta área de estudos devido à escassa bibliografia existente. Conclusão: A paixão para o esporte, como variável psicológica, foi definida pela Teoria da Autodeterminação como elemento de caráter motivacional intrínseco. Sendo a inclinação que um indivíduo tem por determinada atividade esportiva, na qual despende tempo de dedicação, a paixão tem função identitária e, por isso, é capaz de diferenciar praticantes esportivos em gênero, experiência e nível competitivo. O caráter da paixão, harmoniosa ou obsessiva, refere-se a como uma atividade esportiva é internalizada, de forma que, mesmo sendo um elemento de interesse dos indivíduos, pode contribuir tanto de forma positiva, como negativa. Após uma conceituação detalhada e a consideração dos artigos que interligam as temáticas da Psicologia com os esportes, concluímos que os conceitos da Psicologia Positiva se constituem como bases para a compreensão dos aspectos psicológicos de praticantes de atividades físicas, visto que estes são ambientes de estimulação mental e emocional

Objective: Define concepts, analyze and relate articles about Passion and Self-Determination Theory (SDT) -as components of Positive Psychology - in sport. Method: Articles were collected using the "Periódicos Capes" database, in addition to materials owned by the authors themselves, such as texts and books, which included one or more of the following themes: Theory of Self-Determination and/or Motivation, Passion, Sport and Physical activity. Results and discussion: 2 books, 2 book chapters, 19 articles and a Master's dissertation were included, which met the authors' criteria of contributing to the conceptualization of terminologies and the integration of the areas researched. By reading the texts, it was possible to discuss, analyze and relate the theory of self-determination, motivation and passion in the sporting context. Although it was possible to build links between Positive Psychology and Sports Psychology, there are limitations in this area of study due to the scarce existing bibliography. Conclusion: Passion for sport, as a psychological variable, was defined by the Self-Determination Theory as an intrinsic motivational element. Being the inclination that an individual has for a certain sporting activity, in which they spend dedicated time, passion has an identity function and, therefore, is capable of differentiating sports practitioners in terms of gender, experience and competitive level. The character of passion, whether harmonious or obsessive, refers to how a sporting activity is internalized, so that, even though it is an element of interest to individuals, it can contribute both positively and negatively. After a detailed conceptualization and consideration of the articles that interconnect the themes of Psychology with sports, we conclude that the concepts of Positive Psychology constitute the basis for understanding the psychological aspects of practitioners of physical activities, as these are environments of mental and emotional stimulation.

Objetivo: Definir conceptos, analizar y reportar artículos sobre la Teoría de Autodeterminación (TAD) y la Pasión - como componentes de la Psicología Positiva -en el deporte. Método: Se recolectaron artículos a través de la base de datos "Periódicos Capes", además de materiales de propiedad de los propios autores, como textos y libros, que incluyeran uno o más de los siguientes temas: Teoría de la Autodeterminación y/o Motivación, Pasión, Deporte y Actividad Física. Resultados y discusión: Se incluyeron 2 libros, 2 capítulos de libro, 19 artículos y una disertación de maestría, que cumplieron con el criterio de los autores de contribuir a la conceptualización de terminologías y la integración de las áreas investigadas. A través de la lectura de los textos fue posible discutir, analizar y relatar la teoría de la autodeterminación, la motivación y la pasión en el contexto deportivo. Si bien se logró construir vínculos entre la Psicología Positiva y la Psicología del Deporte, existen limitaciones en esta área de estudio debido a la escasa bibliografía existente. Conclusión: La pasión por el deporte, como variable psicológica, fue definida por la Teoría de la Autodeterminación como un elemento motivacional intrínseco. Al ser la inclinación que tiene un individuo por una determinada actividad deportiva, a la que dedica un tiempo dedicado, la pasión tiene una función identitaria y, por tanto, es capaz de diferenciar a los practicantes del deporte en términos de género, experiencia y nivel competitivo. El carácter dela pasión, ya sea armoniosa u obsesiva, se refiere a cómo se interioriza una actividad deportiva, de modo que, si bien es un elemento de interés para los individuos, puede contribuir tanto positiva como negativamente. Después de una detallada conceptualización y consideración de los artículos que interconectan los temas de la Psicología con el deporte, concluimos que los conceptos de la Psicología Positiva constituyen la base para comprender los aspectos psicológicos de los practicantes de actividades físicas, ya que estos son ambientes de estimulación mental y emocional.

A autora e os bichos: a vida íntima de Ulisses / La autora y los animales: la vida íntima de Ulisses / The author and the animals: the intimate life of Ulisses

RESUMO. O objetivo deste estudo teórico é problematizar a presença do cachorro Ulisses como alter ego de Clarice Lispector no livro infantil Quase de verdade (1978). Ulisses era também o cachorro da autora, mencionado por ela em diversas entrevistas e no livro Um sopro de vida (1999) em termos de sua humanidade, que o habilitaria a compreender Clarice de um modo particular e mais próximo, quase cúmplice. Essa humanidade se concretiza quando ele assume a narração em Quase de verdade, posicionando Clarice como sua intérprete. A relação com o bicho revela-se de modo simbiótico, recuperando tanto uma experiência mais instintiva da autora como permitindo a fruição das emoções presentes no animal, em um processo de complementaridade. Como vértices de um mesmo eu, discute-se em que medida Ulisses também funciona como um intérprete de Clarice, propondo a ela uma experiência concreta de viver que ultrapassaria a construção de uma inteligibilidade racional. A dimensão do viver, sensorial e corpóreo, desse modo, apresenta-se como superior à atividade compreensiva, aproximando Clarice do universo íntimo, básico e igualmente selvagem tão bem vivido e corporificado por Ulisses, capitaneado à posição de um alter ego puro capaz de ensiná-la a viver com a sua própria animalidade.

RESUMEN. El objetivo de este estudio teórico es problematizar la presencia del perro Ulisses como el alter ego de Clarice Lispector en el libro para niños Quase de verdade (1978). Ulisses también era el perro del autor, mencionado por ella en varias entrevistas y en el libro Um sopro de vida (1999) en términos de su humanidad, lo que le permitiría comprender a Clarice de una manera particular y más cercana, casi cómplice. Esta humanidad se materializa cuando asume la narración en Quase de verdade, posicionando a Clarice como su intérprete. La relación con el animal es simbiótica, recuperando una experiencia más instintiva del autor y permitiendo el disfrute de las emociones presentes en el animal, en un proceso de complementariedad. Como vértices del mismo yo, se discute en qué medida Ulisses también funciona como intérprete de Clarice, proponiéndole una experiencia concreta de vida que iría más allá de la construcción de la inteligibilidad racional. La dimensión de la vida sensorial y corpórea se presenta así como superior a la actividad integral, acercando a Clarice al universo íntimo, básico e igualmente salvaje tan bien vivido y encarnado por Ulisses, capitaneado por la posición de un alter ego puro capaz de enseñar ella para vivir con su propia animalidad.

ABSTRACT. The aim of this study is to problematize the presence of the dog Ulisses as alter ego of Clarice Lispector in the children's book Quase de verdade (1978). Ulisses was also the author's dog, mentioned by her in several interviews and in the book Um sopro de vida (1999) in terms of his humanity, that would enable him to understand Clarice in a particular and closer, almost accomplice way. This humanity materializes when he assumes the narration in Quase de verdade, positioning Clarice as his interpreter. The relationship with the animal is symbiotic, recovering a more instinctive experience of the author and allowing the enjoyment of emotions present in the animal, in a process of complementarity. As vertices of the same self, we discuss to what extent Ulisses also functions as an interpreter of Clarice, proposing to her a concrete experience of living that would go beyond the construction of rational intelligibility. The dimension of sensory and corporeal living thus presents itself as superior to comprehensive activity, bringing Clarice closer to the intimate, basic, and equally savage universe so well lived and embodied by Ulisses, captained by the position of a pure alter ego capable of teaching. her to live with her own animality.

Maternal Communication with Preschool Children about Morality: A Coding Scheme for a Book-Sharing Task.

Background: Preventing interpersonal violence requires understanding the moral development and determinants of child aggression. Communication about moral values and concerns by parents is theoretically important in this process. We aimed to develop a coding system to measure mothers' communication about morality with young children and test its psychometric properties. Method: The cross-sectional study included a subsample (n = 200) of mothers and their four-year-old children in a population-based Brazilian birth cohort. Mothers and children were filmed while looking at a picture book together, containing events of aggression, taking away without asking, and several prosocial behaviours. Films were transcribed and a coding system, including 17 items, was developed to measure the maternal moral judgements and the explanations communicated to their children. Inter-rater reliability was estimated, and exploratory factor analysis performed. Results: Mothers judged acts of physical aggression as wrong more frequently than taking away material goods without asking; most mothers communicated about the emotional consequences of wrong behaviour with their child. Two latent factors of moral communication were identified, interpersonal moral concern and the expression of material moral concern. There was excellent inter-rater reliability between the two coders. Conclusions: Parent-child book-sharing provides a means to measure maternal communication about morality with their children. The coding system of this study measures both communication about interpersonal moral concern and material moral concern. Further studies with larger samples are suggested to investigate the importance of these dimensions of caregiver moral communication for children's moral development.

Supporting Reading Aloud Beginning Prenatally and in Early Infancy: A Randomized Trial in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: A previous study of a reading aloud intervention in Brazil, called Universidade do Bebê (UBB), demonstrated impacts on parenting and child outcomes for families with toddlers and preschoolers, even for parents with low literacy, and cognitive stimulation mediated effects on child outcomes. In a new study, we sought to determine whether similar results would be found when UBB was provided beginning in pregnancy through early toddlerhood, including (1) impacts on parenting and child development, (2) variation in impact on parenting and child outcomes by parent literacy level, and (3) indirect impacts on child outcomes through cognitive stimulation. METHOD: Women with low income who were either pregnant or with children aged 0 to 24 months were randomized to UBB or control groups. UBB consisted of monthly workshops focused on reading aloud complemented by a book-lending library. Participants were evaluated at baseline and approximately 11 months later (M = 11.0, SD = 0.4; range 9.9-12.2 months) on parenting (cognitive stimulation, beliefs about early reading, screen time, and discipline) and child development. RESULTS: Four hundred families (n = 200 UBB) were randomized; 286 (71.5%; n = 150 UBB) received 11-month follow-up. UBB families showed increased cognitive stimulation (Cohen's d = 0.92) and awareness about the importance of early reading ( d = 0.90) than controls, with no differences by parent literacy level. UBB was associated with reduced screen time and increased vocabulary, but only for families with low parent literacy. UBB effects on child outcomes were mediated by cognitive stimulation. CONCLUSION: The findings support implementation of reading aloud programs beginning in pregnancy and early childhood.

Review Decolonial peace, insubordinate peace, concepts, temporalities and epistemologies / Reseña paz decolonial, paces insubordinadas, conceptos, temporalidades y epistemologías

RESUMEN La obra Paz decobnial, paces insubordinadas, conceptos, temporalidades y epistemologías, publicada bajo el sello editorial de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali, se articula alrededor de tres ejes principales. El primero crítica la paz liberal y propone ampliar el análisis epistemológico y metodológico a saberes locales, étnicos, marginados del Sur global. El segundo, apoyado en las teorías decoloniales latinoamericanas y la investigación acción aplicada, invita a trascender modelos de pensamiento y de acción importados. El tercero recoge la literatura que aborda la paz como un proceso en continuo ajuste y resignificación, una paz cotidiana y de pequeña escala. La obra está, por consiguiente, a la vanguardia de la literatura crítica de los Estudios de Paz e invita a los lectores a trascender el análisis de la paz hacía para la paz, buscando contribuir a la transformación pacífica de los conflictos.

ABSTRACT The book Decolonial Peace, Insubordinate Peace, Concepts, Temporalities, and Epistemologies, published under the editorial seal of the Pontificia Universidad Javeriana Cali, is structured around three main axes. The first one criticizes liberal peace and proposes expanding the epistemological and methodological analysis to local, ethnic, marginalized knowledge of the global South. The second one, supported by Latin American decolonial theories and applied action research, invites us to transcend imported models of thought and action. The third one collects the literature that addresses peace as a process in continuous adjustment and resignification, a daily and small-scale peace. The work is, therefore, at the forefront of the critical literature of Peace Studies and invites readers to transcend the analysis of peace towards for peace, seeking to contribute to the peaceful transformation of conflicts.

Returning to the sources: An interview with Saulo de Freitas Araujo about the book series Clássicos da Psicologia (Classics of Psychology).

In this interview with historian of psychology Saulo de Freitas Araujo, we discuss the aims, challenges, and functions of a new book series in which classic psychological works are translated into Portuguese. The interview highlights the importance of the accessibility of primary source documents to psychology education.

The transit of plants: circulation of medical knowledge and practices in South America during the Modern Era. / O trânsito de plantas: circulação de saberes e práticas médicas na América Meridional durante a Época Moderna.

From records on plants and herbs made by doctors, healers, missionaries, and colonial administrators in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, this article explores ways of constructing knowledge about flora using the concept of circulation proposed by Kapil Raj. The distinct experiences and documents analyzed demonstrate the process of observing, collecting, systematizing, and circulating knowledge, and the influence of natural history and the Hippocratic tradition on the classification of herbs and plants and on the descriptions adopted in these texts. From printed books to notes scattered through travel diaries, usefulness of these species to humankind was the element valued by those who directly observed the potential of American plants, fruits, and herbs.

A partir dos registros sobre plantas e ervas de médicos, agentes de cura, missionários, administradores coloniais nos séculos XVII e XVIII, o artigo explora as formas de construção do conhecimento sobre a flora, utilizando o conceito de circulação proposto por Kapil Raj. As experiências distintas e os documentos analisados demonstram o processo de observação, coleta, sistematização e circulação do conhecimento e a influência da história natural e da tradição hipocrática na classificação das ervas e plantas e na descrição adotada nos textos reunidos neste artigo. Desde livros impressos até anotações dispersas em diários de viagens, os usos das espécies para a vida humana foi o elemento valorizado por aqueles que observaram diretamente o potencial de plantas, frutos e ervas americanas.