Indole Alkaloids of Rauvolfia ligustrina and Their Anxiolytic Effects in Adult Zebrafish.

Rauvolfia species are well known as producers of bioactive monoterpene indole alkaloids, which exhibit a broad spectrum of biological activities. A new vobasine-sarpagan-type bisindole alkaloid (1: ) along with six known monomeric indoles (2, 3/4, 5: , and 6/7: ) were isolated from the ethanol extract of the roots of Rauvolfia ligustrina. The structure of the new compound was elucidated by interpretation of their spectroscopic data (1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS) and comparison with published data for analog compounds. The cytotoxicity of the isolated compounds was screened in a zebrafish (Danio rerio) model. The possible GABAergic (diazepam as the positive control) and serotoninergic (fluoxetine as the positive control) mechanisms of action in adult zebrafish were also evaluated. No compounds were cytotoxic. Compound 2: and the epimers 3: /4: and 6: /7: showed a mechanism action by GABAA, while compound 1: showed a mechanism action by a serotonin receptor (anxiolytic activity). Molecular docking studies showed that compounds 2: and 5: have a greater affinity by the GABAA receptor when compared with diazepam, whereas 1: showed the best affinity for the 5HT2AR channel when compared to risperidone.

CREM, PRM I and II gene expression in Wistar rats testes treated with antipsychotic drugs: Chlorpromazine, Rauwolfia vomitoria and co-administration of reserpine, zinc and ascorbic acid.

OBJECTIVE: The literature has shown that synthetic antipsychotic drugs induce reproductive toxicity, while psychiatric patients treated with traditionally used antipsychotic herbs (Rauwolfia vomitoria) showed no traces of reproductive toxicity. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the expression of CREM, PRM I and II genes in the testes of Wistar rats treated with antipsychotic drugs: chlorpromazine, Rauwolfia vomitoria (RV) and co-administration of reserpine, zinc and ascorbate (RAZ). METHODS: Forty-five adult male Wistar rats with rats with average weight of 180±4.67g were divided into nine groups (A-I) (n=5). Group A was administered saline (control) while rats in Groups B and C received 10 and 20mg/kg body weight (bwt) of chlorpromazine respectively. Groups D and E received 2.5 and 5mg/kg bwt of reserpine, respectively; while Groups F and G received 150 and 300mg/kg bwt of RV leaf extract. Groups H and I received (2.5+5+100) mg/kg bwt and (5+10+200) mg/kg of combination of RAZ, respectively for 56 days. RESULTS: The CREM, PRM I and II genes were significantly downregulated while significant decreased in serum FSH and testosterone concentration were found in the Chlorpromazine- and Reserpine-treated groups. Groups H and I showed a highly significant upregulation of the CREM, PRM I and II genes, and a highly significant increase in serum FSH and testosterone concentrations. CONCLUSION: The study concluded that the HPT-Axis was impaired by chlorpromazine and reserpine, while RV and a combination of RAZ administration enhanced the axis in an animal model. The study recommended that synthetic antipsychotic drugs should be taken with Zinc and Ascorbate in order to help prevent reproductive toxicity associated with antipsychotic drugs. We need further studies in humans to confirm these findings.

Characterization of hippocampal histomorphology following R. vomitoria root extract treatment / Caracterización de la histomorfología del hipocampo después del tratamiento con extracto de la raíz de R. vomitoria

Rauwolfia vomitoria Afzel. is an antipsychotic plant used by several African communities in the management of psychiatric conditions with good outcomes. Concerns about its dosages on brain activity lead to this investigation of its action on the hippocampal microstructure.Twenty-four adult male Wistar rats of average weight 200 g, were assigned into four groups (n = 6): control; 200, 300 and 400 mg/kg body weight of RVroot bark extract, respectively. The administration was once daily, and orally for seven days. Daily observation of the animals was done till on day eight when they were sacrificed after deep anaesthesia. Each brain was processed for histology and immunohistochemical studies. Animals in the 200, 300 and 400 mg/kg RV groups appeared generally dull and drowsy, and barely fed. Their hippocampal histology showed neuronal atrophy and karyorrhexis, with no difference in cell count, although the pyramidal cell numbers decreased in the 300 and 400 mg/kg RV groups. Neuron-specific enolase decreased in the 400 mg/kg RV group, while neurofilament decreased in all test groups. Glial fibrillary acidic protein expression and density increased in the 200 and 300 mg/kg RV groups, but not the 400 mg/kg RV group, all compared with the control group.The given doses of RV root bark extractin adult Wistar rats showed sedative activities with hippocampal histopathological changes, which may not be reversible, thereby leading to the hippocampal functional deficit.

Introducción: Rauwolfia vomitoria (RV) Afzel es una planta antipsicótica utilizada por varias comunidades africanas en el tratamiento de enfermedades psiquiátricas con buenos resultados. Las preocupaciones sobre sus efecto sobre la actividad cerebral conducen a esta investigación de su acción sobre la microestructura del hipocampo.Materiales y métodos: Se asignaron veinticuatro ratas Wistar macho adultas de un peso medio de 200 g, en cuatro grupos (n = 6): control; 200, 300 y 400 mg / kg de peso corporal de extracto de corteza de raíz de RV, respectivamente. La administración fue una vez al día y por vía oral durante siete días. Se realizó una observación diaria de los animales hasta el día ocho, cuando fueron sacrificados después de una anestesia profunda. Cada cerebro fue procesado para estudios histológicos e inmunohistoquímicos.Resultados: Los animales en los grupos de RV de 200, 300 y 400 mg / kg parecían generalmente apagados y somnolientos, y apenas alimentados. Su histología hipocampal mostró atrofia neuronal y cariorrexis, sin diferencia en el recuento celular, aunque el número de células piramidales disminuyó en los grupos de RV de 300 y 400 mg / kg. La enolasa específica de neuronas disminuyó en el grupo de RV de 400 mg / kg, mientras que el neurofilamento disminuyó en todos los grupos de prueba. La expresión y densidad de la proteína fibrilar ácida glial aumentó en los grupos de RV de 200 y 300 mg / kg, pero no en el grupo de RV de 400 mg / kg, todos en comparación con el grupo de control.Conclusión: Las dosis administradas de extracto de corteza de raíz de RV en ratas Wistar adultas mostraron actividades sedantes, con cambios histopatológicos del hipocampo, que pueden no ser reversibles, lo que conduce al déficit funcional del hipocampo.

Effect of indole alkaloids from roots of Rauvolfia ligustrina in the noradrenergic neurotransmission.

The new glucosyl sarpagan alkaloid designated as 21(R*)-(O-ß-glucosyl)-hydroxy-sarpagan-17-oic acid, along with eleven known alkaloids were isolated from a soluble alkaloidal fraction from the ethanol extract of Rauvolfia ligustrina. Their structures were elucidated by interpretation of spectroscopic data (1D and 2D NMR), HRESIMS experiment, GIAO 13C NMR calculations, and comparison with literature data. All the isolated alkaloids were screened by their neuroinhibitory effects using the electrically stimulated mice vas deferens bioassay. Compounds 1, 2 and 9 presented a potent inhibitory effect in the neurotransmission while 3 and 11 showed an acute neuroexcitatory effect. Compound 10 exhibited a very effective post-synaptic inhibitory activity.

Gongronema latifolium modulates Rauwolfia vomitoria-induced behaviour and histomorphology of the cerebral cortex / Gongronema latifolium modula los cambios de comportamiento e histomorfología de la corteza cerebral inducidos por Rauwolfia vomitoria

Rauwolfia vomitoria (RV) has potent sedative effect, which may result in severe unpleasant consequences if not controlled. This necessitated this study on the effect of Gongronema latifolium (GL) on RV-induced behaviour, biochemical activities, and histomorphology of the cerebral cortex. Eighteen male Wistar rats of average weight 266 g were grouped into three (1­3). Group 1 was the control administered 0.5 mL of Tween®20, while groups 2 and 3 were administered 150 mg/kg of RV, and a combination of 150 mg/kg of RV and 200 mg/kg of GL (RV+GL), respectively for seven days. Twelve hours after treatments, open field neurobehavioral test was carried-out and the animals euthanized. Their sera were analyzed, and their cerebral cortices routinely processed by H&E method. There was lower (p<0.05) ambulatory, rearing and freezing activities in the RV group, while there was no difference in aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities, as well as serum cholesterol and triglycerides levels in all the groups. Cerebral cortical neurohistology of RV and RV+GL groups showed most neurons appearing hypertrophied with pyknotic nuclei in some, and less cellular population compared with the control group. RV produces sedative behaviour, and cerebral cortical neurohistological changes, which GL combination may help modulate.

Rauwolfia vomitoria (RV) tiene un efecto sedante potente, el que puede provocar graves consecuencias si no es controlado. Se estudió el efecto de Gongronema latifolium (GL) sobre el comportamiento inducido por RV, como también en las actividades bioquímicas, e histomorfología de la corteza cerebral. Dieciocho ratas macho Wistar con un peso promedio de 266 g, fueron separadas en tres Grupos (1­3). El Grupo 1 (control) recibió 0,5 mL de Tween® 20, mientras que a los Grupos 2 y 3 se les administró, durante siete días, 150 mg/kg de RV y una combinación de 150 mg/kg de RV y 200 mg/kg de GL (RV + GL), respectivamente. Doce horas después de los tratamientos y pruebas neuroconductuales de campo abierto, los animales fueron sacrificados. Se analizaron los sueros y cortezas cerebrales, los cuales fueron procesados y teñidos on HE. Se observó menor actividad ambulatoria y de congelación (p<0,05) en el grupo RV, mientras que no hubo diferencia en la actividad aspartato aminotransferasa sérica y de fosfatasa alcalina, así como tampoco en los niveles de colesterol y triglicéridos séricos en todos los grupos. La neurohistología cortical cerebral de los grupos RV y RV + GL mostró que la mayoría de las neuronas aparecen hipertrofiadas con núcleos picnóticos, y una menor cantidad celular en comparación con el grupo control. La RV produce un comportamiento sedante, y cambios neurohistológicos a nivel de la corteza cerebral lo que podría ser modulado al combinarse con GL.

Rauvolfia grandiflora (Apocynaceae) extract interferes with staphylococcal density, enterotoxin production and antimicrobial activity

Staphylococci bacteria are involved in many human and animal infections and development of alternative antimicrobial drugs against pathogenic bacteria is of great interest to the pharmaceutical industry. This study investigated the in vitro effect of Rauvolfia grandiflora methanol extract (root bark fraction) (RGE) on the density of ATCC strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, and a clinical enterotoxin-producer, S. aureus bovine strain. The alkaloid, isoreserpiline, obtained from dichloromethane extract of R. grandiflora was ineffective against the strains tested. After incubation of staphylococci strains in the presence of 1.2 mg.mL-1 RGE, a significant inhibition of cell growth was observed using both spectrophotometry and ELISA assays. Twelve drugs were evaluated for their antimicrobial effects on culture RGE-treated cells using the disk diffusion method. Penicillin resistant strains became sensitive to the drug after RGE treatment. Furthermore, enterotoxin production by RGE-treated S. aureus was evaluated using a standardized ELISA method. Although staphylococcal LSA 88 bovine strain cells remained viable after exposure to the extract, enterotoxin production was precluded in 20 percent after RGE treatment. Significant interference in staphylococci cell density, drug sensitivity and enterotoxin secretion was observed after treatment. The study highlights the necessity to find new methods of disease prevention and new antibiotic therapies against staphylococcal infections.

Cardiac cellular actions of quebrachidine, an indole alkaloid isolated from Rauwolfia viridis Roem et Schult

INTRODUCTION: the search for new drugs with safer therapeutic profiles in Cardiology is still a need and natural products, particularly from plants, constitute an excellent source of new compounds. OBJECTIVE: to study the cardiac cellular actions of quebrachidine an indole alkaloid, extracted from the roots of Rauwolfia viridis R et S, known as Quebrachidine, which is structurally related to the antiarrhythmics ajmaline and prajmaline. METHODS: several complementary experimental approaches to evaluate the effects of quebrachidine on the electrophysiological and contractile properties of cardiac tissues and cells were used. RESULTS: quebrachidine increased the ventricular fibrillation threshold in anaesthetized rabbits. It decreased the maximum rate of depolarization and increased the duration of the ventricular action potential in different species. These actions were accompanied by a positive inotropic effect over a broad concentration range and were consistent with the increase in Ca2+ currents recorded in single ventricular cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSIONS: the present results demonstrate that quebrachidine keeps the antiarrhythmic profile of ajmaline and prajmaline but also demonstrates a net positive inotropic action on cardiac tissues predictive of better therapeutic safety margin. Our results suggest that ajmalan-like molecular structures could provide a sound basis for the search of effective antiarrhythmics with positive inotropic effect(AU)

INTRODUCCIÓN: la búsqueda de nuevos fármacos con perfiles terapéuticos más seguros en cardiología, es aun una necesidad y los productos naturales, particularmente de plantas, constituyen una fuente excelente de nuevos compuestos. OBJETIVOS: estudiar las acciones celulares cardíacas de la quebrachidina, un alcaloide indólico extraído de las raíces de Rauwolfia viridis R et S, el cual está estructuralmente relacionado con los antiarrítmicos ajmalina y prajmalina. MÉTODOS: se utilizaron diferentes modelos experimentales complementarios para evaluar los efectos de la quebrachidina sobre las propiedades electrofisiológicas y contráctiles de tejidos y células cardíacas. RESULTADOS: la quebrachidina incrementó el umbral para la fibrilación ventricular en conejos anestesiados. Este alcaloide redujo la velocidad máxima de despolarización y aumentó la duración del potencial de acción ventricular de diferentes especies. Estas acciones estuvieron acompañadas de un efecto inotrópico positivo en un amplio rango de concentraciones y asociadas a un incremento en las corrientes de Ca2+ en cardiomiocitos ventriculares aislados. CONCLUSIONES: estos resultados demuestran que la quebrachidina conserva el perfil antiarrítmico de la ajmalina y la prajmalina pero muestra un efecto inotrópico positivo neto en tejidos cardíacos lo cual predice un mejor margen de seguridad terapéutico. Los resultados sugieren que las estructuras moleculares con núcleo ajmalano pueden constituir una base firme para la búsqueda de antiarrítmicos con efecto inotrópico positivo(AU)

Cardiac cellular actions of quebrachidine, an indole alkaloid isolated from Rauwolfia viridis Roem et Schult

INTRODUCTION: the search for new drugs with safer therapeutic profiles in Cardiology is still a need and natural products, particularly from plants, constitute an excellent source of new compounds. OBJECTIVE: to study the cardiac cellular actions of quebrachidine an indole alkaloid, extracted from the roots of Rauwolfia viridis R et S, known as Quebrachidine, which is structurally related to the antiarrhythmics ajmaline and prajmaline. METHODS: several complementary experimental approaches to evaluate the effects of quebrachidine on the electrophysiological and contractile properties of cardiac tissues and cells were used. RESULTS: quebrachidine increased the ventricular fibrillation threshold in anaesthetized rabbits. It decreased the maximum rate of depolarization and increased the duration of the ventricular action potential in different species. These actions were accompanied by a positive inotropic effect over a broad concentration range and were consistent with the increase in Ca2+ currents recorded in single ventricular cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSIONS: the present results demonstrate that quebrachidine keeps the antiarrhythmic profile of ajmaline and prajmaline but also demonstrates a net positive inotropic action on cardiac tissues predictive of better therapeutic safety margin. Our results suggest that ajmalan-like molecular structures could provide a sound basis for the search of effective antiarrhythmics with positive inotropic effect

INTRODUCCIÓN: la búsqueda de nuevos fármacos con perfiles terapéuticos más seguros en cardiología, es aun una necesidad y los productos naturales, particularmente de plantas, constituyen una fuente excelente de nuevos compuestos. OBJETIVOS: estudiar las acciones celulares cardíacas de la quebrachidina, un alcaloide indólico extraído de las raíces de Rauwolfia viridis R et S, el cual está estructuralmente relacionado con los antiarrítmicos ajmalina y prajmalina. MÉTODOS: se utilizaron diferentes modelos experimentales complementarios para evaluar los efectos de la quebrachidina sobre las propiedades electrofisiológicas y contráctiles de tejidos y células cardíacas. RESULTADOS: la quebrachidina incrementó el umbral para la fibrilación ventricular en conejos anestesiados. Este alcaloide redujo la velocidad máxima de despolarización y aumentó la duración del potencial de acción ventricular de diferentes especies. Estas acciones estuvieron acompañadas de un efecto inotrópico positivo en un amplio rango de concentraciones y asociadas a un incremento en las corrientes de Ca2+ en cardiomiocitos ventriculares aislados. CONCLUSIONES: estos resultados demuestran que la quebrachidina conserva el perfil antiarrítmico de la ajmalina y la prajmalina pero muestra un efecto inotrópico positivo neto en tejidos cardíacos lo cual predice un mejor margen de seguridad terapéutico. Los resultados sugieren que las estructuras moleculares con núcleo ajmalano pueden constituir una base firme para la búsqueda de antiarrítmicos con efecto inotrópico positivo

Anticonvulsant properties of the total alkaloid fraction of Rauvolfia ligustrina Roem. et Schult. in male mice

Rauvolfia ligustrina Roem et. Schult (Apocynaceae), commonly known as "paratudo" and "arrebenta-boi" is a small tree found in Brazilian Northeastern. Previous studies have demonstrated depressant and anticonvulsant properties of the ethanol extract of Rauvolfia ligustrina. The aim of the present study was the determination of the lethal dose 50 percent (LD50) and the effects of total alkaloid fraction (TAF) of the aerial parts of R. ligustrina in animal models of convulsion. It was found that the acute toxicity of TAF was 127.8 (112.5-145.2) mg/kg (i.p.) in mice. TAF (20 mg/kg, ip) significantly increased (p < 0.05) the latencies of clonic seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) and picrotoxin (PIC). However, TAF did not protect the animals in maximal electroshock (MES) induced seizures. These results suggest that TAF of R. ligustrina possesses anticonvulsant properties.

Rauvolfia ligustrina Roem. et Schult. (Apocynaceae) é uma planta amplamente distribuída no Nordeste Brasileiro, rica em alcalóides indólicos, conhecida popularmente como "paratudo" e "arrebenta-boi". O presente estudo buscou avaliar a dose letal 50 por cento (DL50) da fração de alcalóides totais (FAT) das partes aéreas da R. ligustrina e a sua possível atividade anticonvulsivantes em roedores. A FAT apresentou uma DL50, via intraperitoneal (i.p.), de 127,8 (112,5-145,2) mg/kg e foi efetiva, na dose de 20 mg/kg (i.p.), em proteger os animais das convulsões induzidas pelo pentilenotetrazol (PTZ) e picrotoxina (PIC) aumentando significativamente (p < 0,05) a latência para o aparecimento das convulsões, sendo um indicativo de um efeito anticonvulsivante.

Metabolic engineering of cell cultures versus whole plant complexity in production of bioactive monoterpene indole alkaloids: recent progress related to old dilemma.

Monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) are a large class of plant alkaloids with significant pharmacological interest. The sustained production of MIAs at high yields is an important goal in biotechnology. Intensive effort has been expended toward the isolation, cloning, characterization and transgenic modulation of genes involved in MIA biosynthesis and in the control of the expression of these biosynthesis-related genes. At the same time, considerable progress has been made in the detailed description of the subcellular-, cellular-, tissue- and organ-specific expressions of portions of the biosynthetic pathways leading to the production of MIAs, revealing a complex picture of the transport of biosynthetic intermediates among membrane compartments, cells and tissues. The identification of the particular environmental and ontogenetic requirements for maximum alkaloid yield in MIA-producing plants has been useful in improving the supply of bioactive molecules. The search for new bioactive MIAs, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions, is continuously increasing the arsenal for therapeutic, industrially and agriculturally useful molecules. In this review we focus on recent progress in the production of MIAs in transgenic cell cultures and organs (with emphasis on Catharanthus roseus and Rauvolfia serpentina alkaloids), advances in the understanding of in planta spatial-temporal expression of MIA metabolic pathways, and on the identification of factors capable of modulating bioactive alkaloid accumulation in nontransgenic differentiated cultures and plants (with emphasis on new MIAs from Psychotria species). The combined use of metabolic engineering and physiological modulation in transgenic and wild-type plants, although not fully exploited to date, is likely to provide the sustainable and rational supply of bioactive MIAs needed for human well being.

Indole alkaloids from Rauvolfia bahiensis A.DC. (Apocynaceae).

Four indole alkaloids, 12-methoxy-N(a)-methyl-vellosimine, demethoxypurpeline, 12-methoxyaffinisine, and 12-methoxy-vellosimine, in addition to picrinine, vinorine, raucaffrinoline, normacusine B, norseredamine, seredamine, 10-methoxynormacusine B, norpurpeline and purpeline, were isolated from the bark or leaf extracts of Rauvolfia bahiensis.

Bases débiles minoritarias de la raiz de Rauvolfia Viridis Roem. Et Schult / Weak minor bases of the root of Rauwolfia viridis Roem. et Schult

Se realizó un estudio químico de la raíz de la especie Rauvolfia viridis Roem. et Schult que crece en Cuba, con el objetivo de profundizar en este tema. Se aislaron, purificaron y caracterizaron diferentes alcaloides correspondientes a las bases débiles, entre los que se encuentran la ajmalidina, la -yohimbina, la quebrachidina, la reserpinina y la yohimbina. Se descarta la presencia de reserpina(AU)

Bases débiles minoritarias de la raiz de Rauvolfia Viridis Roem. Et Schult / Weak minor bases of the root of Rauwolfia viridis Roem. et Schult

Se realizó un estudio químico de la raíz de la especie Rauvolfia viridis Roem. et Schult que crece en Cuba, con el objetivo de profundizar en este tema. Se aislaron, purificaron y caracterizaron diferentes alcaloides correspondientes a las bases débiles, entre los que se encuentran la ajmalidina, la -yohimbina, la quebrachidina, la reserpinina y la yohimbina. Se descarta la presencia de reserpina

Bases débiles minoritarias de la Raíz de Rauvolfia Viridis Roem. Et Schult / Weak minor bases of the root of Rauwolfia viridis Roem. et Schult

Se realizó un estudio químico de la raíz de la especie de Rauvolfia viridis Roem. et Schult que crece en Cuba, con el objetivo de profundizar en este tema. Se ailaron, purificaron y caracterizaron diferentes alcaloides correspondientes a las bases débiles, entre los que se encuentran la ajmalidina, la Alfa-yohimbina, la quebrachidina, la reserpina y la yohimbina. Se descarta la presencia de reserpina

Bases débiles minoritarias de la Raíz de Rauvolfia Viridis Roem: Et Schult / Weak minor bases of the root of Rauwolfia viridis Roem: Et Schult

Se realizó un estudio químico de la raíz de la especie de Rauvolfia viridis Roem. et Schult que crece en Cuba, con el objetivo de profundizar en este tema. Se ailaron, purificaron y caracterizaron diferentes alcaloides correspondientes a las bases débiles, entre los que se encuentran la ajmalidina, la Alfa-yohimbina, la quebrachidina, la reserpina y la yohimbina. Se descarta la presencia de reserpina

Estudio farmacológico de tres especies de Rauwolfias / Pharacologic study of 3 species of Rauwolfia

Se realizaron estudios farmacológicos preliminares de las decocciones y los extractos de raíces de dos especies de Rauwolfia salicifolia y la Rauwolfia caffra Sond, comparando sus efectos hipotensores con el de la Rauwolfia serpentina empleada en la clínica por su contenido en reserpina. Se muestra el efecto de estas Rauwolfias sobre el aparato cardiovascular, mediante el empleo de diversas técnicas, y se observa un efecto hipotensor en los alcaloides totales de raíces de Rauwolfia caffra Sond y en las decocciones de la Rauwolfia salicifolia

Estudio farmacológico de tres especies de Rauwolfias / Pharmacologic study of 3 species of Rauwolfia

Se realizaron estudios farmacológicos preliminares de las decocciones y los extractos de raíces de dos especies de Rauwolfia salicifolia y la Rauwolfia caffra Sond, comparando sus efectos hipotensores con el de la Rauwolfia serpentina empleada en la clínica por su contenido en reserpina. Se muestra el efecto de estas Rauwolfias sobre el aparato cardiovascular, mediante el empleo de diversas técnicas, y se observa un efecto hipotensor en los alcaloides totales de raíces de Rauwolfia caffra Sond y en las decocciones de la Rauwolfia salicifolia

Estudio farmacognóstico de especies exóticas de Rauwolfia cultivadas en Cuba / Pharacognostic study of foreign species of Rauwolfia cultured in Cuba

Se dan los resultados del estudio farmacognóstico de las raíces de 3 especies exóticas de Rauwolfia: R. caffra Sond, R. serpentina (L) Benth. ex Kurz y R. vomitoria Afzel, recientemente introducidas en Cuba con vistas a su posible utilización como fuente de reserpina

Estudio farmacognóstico de especies exóticas de Rauwolfia cultivadas en Cuba / Pharmacognostic study of foreign species of Rauwolfia cultured in Cuba

Se dan los resultados del estudio farmacognóstico de las raíces de 3 especies exóticas de Rauwolfia: R. caffra Sond, R. serpentina (L) Benth. ex Kurz y R. vomitoria Afzel, recientemente introducidas en Cuba con vistas a su posible utilización como fuente de reserpina