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Primatologist who brought animals and humans "a little closer".
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Antropologia , Primatas , Retratos como Assunto , Animais , Humanos , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Antropologia/históriaRESUMO
This Arts and Medicine feature reviews the history of pellagra and recounts the role of artist and illustrator John Carroll who, in 1919, painted portraits of people with the vitamin deficiency to document in color the appearance of pellagra skin plaques.
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Medicina nas Artes , Pinturas , Pelagra , Humanos , Pelagra/complicações , Pelagra/diagnóstico , Pelagra/história , Medicina nas Artes/história , Retratos como Assunto/história , História do Século XX , Pinturas/históriaRESUMO
We report posing biases in portraits of people that do not exist. Studies of painted or photographed portraiture have often reported such biases. However, whether these truly exist or are mere sampling artifacts remains open to question. A novel approach to such a question is provided by contemporary applications generating photo-realistic virtual portraits. Such applications are exposed to large datasets of portraits of real people. A neural network then maps the variation of the original input set to a huge-dimensional generative model capturing the variation in the original data, which is then used to synthesize the virtual portraits. We reasoned that, if posing biases exist in the original input, they should also be observable in the network output, and they did. This finding provides novel support for the reality of posing biases in portraiture-and helps us better understand what generative networks actually do.
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Viés , Humanos , Retratos como AssuntoRESUMO
Professor George Smelser was a scientist who played a crucial role in advancing the understanding of the anatomical and physiological changes within the cornea during contact lens wear. In a series of unique experiments conducted in the early 1950s, using both humans and animal models, his research team provided the first conclusive evidence that contact lenses impaired the delivery of atmospheric oxygen to the cornea, resulting in an excess of lactate within the cornea and a subsequent ingress of water, leading to corneal oedema and disturbed vision (Sattler's veil). This historical note reviews the career of George Smelser, with particular emphasis on his contributions to understanding the importance of atmospheric oxygen in maintaining corneal homeostasis.
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Lentes de Contato , Córnea , Oxigênio , Retratos como Assunto , Humanos , Masculino , Lentes de Contato/história , História do Século XX , Oxigênio/metabolismoRESUMO
In this Spotlight, we hear first-hand accounts from five scientists and educators who use microscopy and imaging to engage, entertain, educate and inspire new audiences with science and the field of developmental biology in particular. The 'voices' that follow each convey each authors' own personal take on why microscopy is such a powerful tool for capturing the minds, and the hearts, of scientists, students and the public alike. They discuss how microscopy and imaging can reveal new worlds, and improve our communication and understanding of developmental biology, as well as break down barriers and promote diversity for future generations of scientific researchers.
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Microscopia , Animais , Humanos , Retratos como AssuntoRESUMO
In this special interview series, we profile members of The FEBS Journal editorial board to highlight their research focus, perspectives on the journal and future directions in their field. Alexander Wlodawer is Senior Investigator at the Center for Structural Biology at the National Cancer Institute Center for Cancer Research (NCI CCR), based in Maryland, USA. He has served as an editorial board member of The FEBS Journal since 2007.
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Biologia Molecular , SARS-CoV-2 , Retratos como Assunto , Humanos , História do Século XX , História do Século XXI , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2/genéticaRESUMO
The ability to derive and maintain pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) from livestock species in defined media conditions will contribute to many new research avenues, including comparative embryology and xenotransplantation. In a new paper in Development, Masaki Kinoshita, Toshihiro Kobayashi, Hiroshi Nagashima, Ramiro Alberio, Austin Smith and colleagues describe their three-component medium, which supports long-term propagation of PSCs in the absence of feeders or serum factors. We caught up with the authors to find out more about their research and their future plans.
