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1.
Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports ; 36: 100796, 2022 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36436904

RESUMO

Piglet coccidiosis is a parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Cystoisospora suis, which is regarded as the most prevalent gastrointestinal parasite in intensive pig farms. Despite the availability of highly effective chemo-metaphylaxis (toltrazuril), coccidiosis is still prevalent in European and other countries. We conducted a cross-sectional study on swine farms in Brazil, to assess the prevalence of Cystoisospora suis in fecal samples and determined the associated factors. In total, 666 litters from 50 farms were sampled twice within one week between samplings (mean age at sampling: 10.75 and 17.7 days). Of 666 litters, 225 (33.8%) were positive at least once, and the expected within farm prevalence of C. suis oocysts was 32.9% (25.4-41.3%; 95% confidence interval). Oocysts were more prevalent in fecal samples collected from farms with diarrhea (odds ratio = 6.75). The room temperature was also positively associated with oocyst detection; a one-degree increase in room temperature increased the chance of a litter being positive by 23.2%. Up-to-date, this is the most comprehensive technical evidence of factors associated with C. suis infection in Brazilian industrial piglet farms.


Assuntos
Coccidiose , Isospora , Sarcocystidae , Doenças dos Suínos , Animais , Suínos , Brasil/epidemiologia , Prevalência , Estudos Transversais , Animais Lactentes/parasitologia , Doenças dos Suínos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Suínos/parasitologia , Coccidiose/epidemiologia , Coccidiose/veterinária , Coccidiose/parasitologia , Oocistos
2.
J Microbiol Methods ; 192: 106376, 2022 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34798175

RESUMO

The aetiology of diarrhoea in a patient in Cuba with HIV was investigated. Although molecular diagnostics are still not used in many under-resourced settings, here traditional methods were supported by use of PCR. This approach enabled detection of a dual infection (Cystoisospora belli and Enterocytozoon bieneusi), the latter of which was not identified by microscopy with Didier's trichromic staining.


Assuntos
Coccidiose/diagnóstico , Diarreia/diagnóstico , Enterocytozoon/isolamento & purificação , Microsporidiose/diagnóstico , Sarcocystidae/isolamento & purificação , Adulto , Anti-Infecciosos/uso terapêutico , Coccidiose/tratamento farmacológico , Cuba , Diarreia/microbiologia , Diarreia/parasitologia , Enterocytozoon/genética , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , Masculino , Microsporidiose/tratamento farmacológico , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , Sarcocystidae/genética , Sarcoma de Kaposi/complicações , Sarcoma de Kaposi/tratamento farmacológico , Combinação Trimetoprima e Sulfametoxazol/uso terapêutico
3.
Vet. zootec ; 29: 1-14, 2022.
Artigo em Português | VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1381209

RESUMO

O acúmulo de animais nos domicílios humanos é um tópico emergente no contexto de Saúde Única, caracterizado como um transtorno mental, no qual o indivíduo possui dificuldades em se desfazer de seus animais. O ambiente em que os animais habitam costuma ser insalubre, favorecendo o desenvolvimento de doenças e o comprometimento do bem-estar animal, infringindo direitos legais. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar cinco residências no município de Botucatu, nas quais haviam mais de dez animais. Foram realizadas visitas nessas residências e feita a colheita de fezes dos animais para pesquisar parasitas como: Ancylostoma spp., Cystoisospora sp., Toxocara sp., Trichuris spp. e Giardia spp., além disso aplicou-se um protocolo de perícia para avaliar o Bem-Estar Animal, segundo a adaptação do protocolo desenvolvido por Hammerschmidt (12) no qual o Bem-Estar é classificado em: muito alto, alto, regular, baixo e muito baixo, além disso foi elaborada uma entrevista para identificar fatores epidemiológicos sobre os acumuladores de animais. Foi constatado, por meio de exames coproparasitológicos, principalmente a presença de Ancylostoma spp., Cystoisospora sp. e Giardia spp., em relação ao Bem-estar Animal identificou-se três residências com classificação regular e uma com classificação alto. Já nas entrevistas constatamos o predomínio do sexo masculino, sendo que 60% dos entrevistados eram casados e havia o predomínio do acúmulo de cães e as justificativas para o acúmulo recairam sobre a reprodução indesejada e questões afetivas. Destacamos a importância do médico veterinário para intervir nessas situações, devido ao conhecimento sanitário relacionado à saúde pública, sobretudo em relação as doenças zoonóticas que podem estar presentes nesses ambientes, além do conhecimento que sobre Medicina Veterinária Legal com a intenção de identificar possíveis infrações que possam estar sendo cometidas e consequentemente afetando o Bem-Estar animal. Por fim, ressalta-se a necessidade da abordagem multiprofissional do assunto possibilitando que haja um ambiente em que tanto o animal como os humanos possam desfrutar de condições adequadas de saúde.(AU)


The accumulation of animals in homes is an emerging topic in the context of One Health, characterized as a mental disorder, in which the hoarder has difficulties in getting rid of his animals. The environment in which animals live is usually unhealthy, favoring the development of diseases and compromising animal welfare, infringing legal rights. The present study aimed to evaluate five residences in the municipality of Botucatu in which there were more than ten animals. Visits were made, and animal feces were collected for endoparasites research by the coproparasitological methods of simple flotation to detect helminth eggs and by the method of centrifugation-flotation in zinc sulfate to detect protozoan oocysts and cysts. An expertise protocol was also applied to evaluate animal welfare, according to an adaptation of the Hammerschmidt protocol, in which welfare is classified into levels: very high, high, regular, low, and very low. An interview was also conducted to identify characteristics of the hoarders. The presence of Ancylostoma spp., Cystoisospora sp. and Giardia spp. was verified by fecal examination. Regarding animal welfare, three residences were identified as regular, and one as high. In the interviews we observed a predominance of male hoarders, 60% were married, and there was a predominance of dog hoarding. The justifications for the accumulation were unwanted reproduction and affective issues. We highlight the importance of the veterinarian to intervene in these situations, by the knowledge, as to the zoo-sanitary management related mainly to public health, especially in relation to zoonotic diseases that may be present in these environments, in addition to the knowledge about Veterinary Forensic Medicine, to identify possible infractions that may be being committed and consequently affecting the welfare of animals. We emphasize the need for a multiprofessional approach to the subject in order to create a favorable environment in which both animals and humans can have quality of life, avoiding the occurrence of diseases for both(AU)


La acumulación de animales en los hogares es un tema emergente en el contexto de One Health, caracterizado como un trastorno mental, en el que el acaparador tiene dificultades para deshacerse de sus animales. El entorno en el que viven los animales suele ser insalubre, lo que favorece el desarrollo de enfermedades y el deterioro del bienestar animal, infringiendo los derechos legales. El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar cinco hogares del municipio de Botucatu, en los que había más de diez animales. Se realizaron visitas y se recogieron heces de animales para la investigación de endoparásitos mediante los métodos coproparasitológicos de flotación simple para detectar huevos de helmintos y mediante el método de centrifugación-flotación en sulfato de zinc para detectar ooquistes y quistes de protozoos. También se aplicó un protocolo de peritaje para evaluar el bienestar de los animales, según una adaptación del protocolo de Hammerschmidt, en el que el bienestar se clasifica en niveles: muy alto, alto, regular, bajo y muy bajo. También se realizó una entrevista para identificar las características de los acaparadores. La presencia de Ancylostoma spp., Cystoisospora sp. y Giardia spp. se observó principalmente en las heces. En cuanto al bienestar de los animales, se identificaron tres residencias con una clasificación regular y una con un nivel alto. En las entrevistas se observó un predominio de acumuladores masculinos, el 60% estaban casados y había un predominio de acumulación de perros. Las justificaciones de la acumulación eran la reproducción no deseada y las cuestiones afectivas. Destaca la importancia del veterinario para intervenir en estas situaciones, por el conocimiento, en cuanto a la gestión zoo-sanitaria relacionada principalmente con la salud pública, sobre todo en relación con las enfermedades zoonóticas que pueden estar presentes en estos entornos, además del conocimiento que, sobre la Medicina Forense Veterinaria, para identificar las posibles infracciones que se puedan estar cometiendo y que consecuentemente afecten al bienestar de los animales. Destacamos la necesidad de un enfoque multiprofesional sobre el tema abordado, que permita un entorno favorable en el que tanto los animales como los humanos puedan tener calidad de vida, evitando la aparición de enfermedades para ambos.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Doenças Parasitárias em Animais/diagnóstico , Bem-Estar do Animal/ética , Saneamento de Residências , Animais de Estimação/parasitologia , Parasitologia/instrumentação , Impacto Psicossocial , Sarcocystidae , Saúde Pública Veterinária , Fezes/parasitologia , Giardia , Ancylostoma
4.
Rev Bras Parasitol Vet ; 30(1): e028520, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33605391

RESUMO

This study aimed to identify members of the Sarcocystidae family in naturally infected wild birds at a rescue center in the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. The heart and brain of 44 wild birds were evaluated by bioassay in mice to detect T. gondii, and extracted DNA was used for nested PCR of the 18S ribosomal DNA gene to detect members of the Sarcocystidae family. The positive samples were sequenced, assembled, edited and compared with sequences deposited in GenBank. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from six (13.6%) out of 44 birds. Toxoplasma gondii DNA was identified in 10/44 (22.7%) of the birds. The amplified sequences exhibited 100% similarity with the DNA of the ME49 strain of T. gondii. Sarcocystis DNA (99% similarity) was identified in 5/44 (11.4%) of the birds. T. gondii and Sarcocystis spp. are common in wild birds in Minas Gerais, Brazil.


Assuntos
Doenças das Aves , Coccidiose , Sarcocystidae , Animais , Bioensaio , Doenças das Aves/epidemiologia , Doenças das Aves/parasitologia , Aves , Brasil , Coccidiose/epidemiologia , DNA de Protozoário , Camundongos , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , RNA Ribossômico 18S/genética , Sarcocystidae/genética , Sarcocystis/genética , Toxoplasma/genética , Toxoplasmose Animal/epidemiologia
5.
R. bras. Parasitol. Vet. ; 30(3): e006521, 2021. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: vti-31545

RESUMO

Protozoan parasites of the genus Sarcocystis are obligatory heteroxenous cyst-forming coccidia that infect a wide variety of animals and encompass approximately 200 described species. At least four Sarcocystis spp. (S. falcatula, S. neurona, S. lindsayi and S. speeri) use opossums (Didelphis spp.) as definitive hosts, and two of them, S. neurona and S. falcatula, are known to cause disease in horses and birds, respectively. Opossums are restricted to the Americas, but their distribution in the Americas is heterogeneous. Five Didelphis spp. are distributed in South America (D. aurita, D. albiventris, D. marsupialis, D. imperfecta and D. pernigra) whereas just one opossum species (D. virginiana) is found in North America. Studies conducted in the last decades show that Sarcocystis spp., derived from South American Didelphis spp., have biological and genetic differences in relation to Sarcocystis spp. shed by the North American opossum D. virginiana. The aim of this review was to address the peculiar scenario of Sarcocystis species shed by South American opossums, with a special focus on diagnosis, epidemiology, and animal infections, as well as the genetic characteristics of these parasites.(AU)


Parasitos protozoários do gênero Sarcocystis são coccídios heteroxenos formadores de cistos, que infectam variadas espécies animais e compreendem cerca de 200 espécies descritas. Pelo menos quatro Sarcocystis spp. (S. falcatula, S. neurona, S. lindsayi e S. speeri) utilizam gambás (Didelphis spp.) como hospedeiros definitivos; e duas delas, S. neurona and S. falcatula são conhecidas por causarem doença em equinos e aves, respectivamente. Gambás didelfídeos são restritos ao continente americano, contudo são distribuídos de forma heterogênea nas Américas. Cinco Didelphis spp. são distribuídos na América do Sul (D. aurita, D. albiventris, D. marsupialis, D. imperfecta e D. pernigra), enquanto somente uma espécie (D. virginiana) é encontrada na América do Norte. Trabalhos conduzidos, nas últimas décadas, mostram que Sarcocystis spp. derivados de Didelphis spp. sul-americanos possuem diferenças biológicas e genéticas, quando comparados a Sarcocystis spp. excretados pelo gambá norte-americano D. virginiana. O objetivo desta revisão é discutir a situação peculiar das espécies de Sarcocystis na América do Sul com um foco especial em diagnóstico, epidemiologia e infecções animais, assim como nas características genéticas desses parasitos.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Didelphis/microbiologia , Sarcocystis/patogenicidade , Sarcocystidae
6.
R. bras. Parasitol. Vet. ; 30(1): e028520, 2021. tab
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: vti-17407

RESUMO

This study aimed to identify members of the Sarcocystidae family in naturally infected wild birds at a rescue center in the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. The heart and brain of 44 wild birds were evaluated by bioassay in mice to detect T. gondii, and extracted DNA was used for nested PCR of the 18S ribosomal DNA gene to detect members of the Sarcocystidae family. The positive samples were sequenced, assembled, edited and compared with sequences deposited in GenBank. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from six (13.6%) out of 44 birds. Toxoplasma gondii DNA was identified in 10/44 (22.7%) of the birds. The amplified sequences exhibited 100% similarity with the DNA of the ME49 strain of T. gondii. Sarcocystis DNA (99% similarity) was identified in 5/44 (11.4%) of the birds. T. gondii and Sarcocystis spp. are common in wild birds in Minas Gerais, Brazil.(AU)


O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar membros da família Sarcocystidae em aves silvestres de vida livre naturalmente infectadas e resgatadas no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Coração e cérebro de 44 aves silvestres foram avaliados por bioensaio em camundongos para detecção de T. gondii e extração de DNA para Nested-PCR do gene 18S do DNA ribossomal de membros da família Sarcocystidae. As amostras positivas foram sequenciadas, analisadas, editadas e comparadas com sequências depositadas no GenBank. Toxoplasma gondii foi isolado de seis (13,6%) das 44 aves. DNA de T. gondii foi identificado em 10/44 (22,7%) das 44 aves. As sequências amplificadas exibiram 100% de similaridade com o DNA da cepa ME49 de T. gondii. DNA de Sarcocystis (99% de similaridade) foi identificado em 5/44 (11,4%) das 44 aves. T. gondii e Sarcocystis spp. são encontrados, comumente, em aves silvestres no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Aves Domésticas/parasitologia , Sarcocystidae/patogenicidade , Animais Selvagens/parasitologia , Toxoplasma , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase
7.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 30(1): e028520, 2021. tab
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-1156222

RESUMO

Abstract This study aimed to identify members of the Sarcocystidae family in naturally infected wild birds at a rescue center in the state of Minas Gerais, southeastern Brazil. The heart and brain of 44 wild birds were evaluated by bioassay in mice to detect T. gondii, and extracted DNA was used for nested PCR of the 18S ribosomal DNA gene to detect members of the Sarcocystidae family. The positive samples were sequenced, assembled, edited and compared with sequences deposited in GenBank. Toxoplasma gondii was isolated from six (13.6%) out of 44 birds. Toxoplasma gondii DNA was identified in 10/44 (22.7%) of the birds. The amplified sequences exhibited 100% similarity with the DNA of the ME49 strain of T. gondii. Sarcocystis DNA (99% similarity) was identified in 5/44 (11.4%) of the birds. T. gondii and Sarcocystis spp. are common in wild birds in Minas Gerais, Brazil.


Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar membros da família Sarcocystidae em aves silvestres de vida livre naturalmente infectadas e resgatadas no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Coração e cérebro de 44 aves silvestres foram avaliados por bioensaio em camundongos para detecção de T. gondii e extração de DNA para Nested-PCR do gene 18S do DNA ribossomal de membros da família Sarcocystidae. As amostras positivas foram sequenciadas, analisadas, editadas e comparadas com sequências depositadas no GenBank. Toxoplasma gondii foi isolado de seis (13,6%) das 44 aves. DNA de T. gondii foi identificado em 10/44 (22,7%) das 44 aves. As sequências amplificadas exibiram 100% de similaridade com o DNA da cepa ME49 de T. gondii. DNA de Sarcocystis (99% de similaridade) foi identificado em 5/44 (11,4%) das 44 aves. T. gondii e Sarcocystis spp. são encontrados, comumente, em aves silvestres no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil.


Assuntos
Animais , Coelhos , Doenças das Aves/parasitologia , Doenças das Aves/epidemiologia , Coccidiose/epidemiologia , Sarcocystidae/genética , Toxoplasma/genética , Bioensaio , Aves , Brasil , RNA Ribossômico 18S/genética , Toxoplasmose Animal/epidemiologia , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , DNA de Protozoário , Sarcocystis/genética
8.
Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports ; 19: 100371, 2020 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32057398

RESUMO

Cystoisospora felis (Wenyon 1923) was identified in a 3-month-old, captive jaguar (Panthera onca) presenting with signs of gastrointestinal distress. The cub was fed beef, chicken, and commercial diet. Examination of fresh feces detected large (47.8 µm × 35 µm) unsporulated oocysts. Sporulated oocysts contained 2 sporocysts, each with 4 sporozoites. Oocyst morphometrics agreed with published features of C. felis described from domestic felines. Partial mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) gene was PCR-amplified and sequenced; the resulting sequence showed 100% identity to a C. felis isolate from a domestic cat. This is the first molecularly confirmed report of C. felis infecting and producing clinically evident, enteric disease in a jaguar cub.


Assuntos
Coccidiose/veterinária , Panthera , Sarcocystidae/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Animais de Zoológico , Coccidiose/diagnóstico , Complexo IV da Cadeia de Transporte de Elétrons/análise , México , Oocistos/genética , Oocistos/isolamento & purificação , Proteínas de Protozoários/análise , Sarcocystidae/genética , Sarcocystidae/crescimento & desenvolvimento
11.
Parasitol Res ; 117(7): 2299-2304, 2018 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29781058

RESUMO

A Brazilian fox (Lycalopex vetulus) was rescued from a highway, and 16 days after maintained in captivity, the fox shed oocysts with sizes compatible with Hammondia sp. and Neospora caninum. DNA extracted from oocysts were initially tested in two PCRs targeting the internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS-1) of the rDNA of Hammondia heydorni and the Nc-5 gene of N. caninum. A 270-bp product was visualized in the PCR for H. heydorni. No amplification was observed for N. caninum PCR. Since ITS-1-based PCR is not sufficient to differentiate Hammondia species derived from canids, oocyst DNA was examined using multilocus sequence analysis of five genetic fragments [intron 1 of the alpha tubulin gene (intron 1), internal transcribed spaces 1 and 2 (ITS-1 and ITS-2) of the rDNA, 28S rRNA gene (D2/D3 domain), and heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70)]. The Hammondia sp. oocyst from the Brazilian fox, referred here as H-FOXBR isolate, is closely related to H. heydorni and Hammondia triffittae, but differs from these parasites in three genetic markers (alpha tubulin gene, ITS-2, and 28S rRNA). As reported by other research groups, Hammondia spp. excreted by canids are genetically diverse and may encompass additional species besides H. heydorni and H. triffittae. In this study, we confirmed that H-FOXBR has significant genetic differences in comparison to H. heydorni and H. triffittae and may represent a separate species. Further studies are needed to identify the life cycle of this parasite and to characterize the parasite stages in the intermediate and definitive hosts.


Assuntos
Coccidiose/veterinária , Raposas/parasitologia , Oocistos/isolamento & purificação , Sarcocystidae/isolamento & purificação , Animais , Brasil , Coccidiose/parasitologia , DNA Intergênico/genética , DNA Ribossômico/genética , Fezes/parasitologia , Variação Genética , Proteínas de Choque Térmico HSP72/genética , Neospora , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase , RNA Ribossômico 28S/genética , Sarcocystidae/genética , Tubulina (Proteína)/genética
12.
Syst Parasitol ; 95(4): 383-389, 2018 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29549562

RESUMO

Despite the great diversity of coccidians, to our knowledge, no coccidian infections have been described in Oecomys spp. In this context, we examined Oecomys mamorae Thomas (Rodentia: Cricetidae) from the Brazilian Pantanal for infections with enteric coccidia. Nine individuals were sampled, and one was found to be infected. The oöcysts were recovered through centrifugal flotation in sugar solution. Using morphological and morphometric features, we described a new species of Cystoisospora Frenkel, 1977. Sporulated oöcysts were ovoidal 20.0-29.1 × 16.4-23.2 (26.7 × 21.2) µm and contained two sporocysts, 12.9-19.1 × 9.4-13.9 (16.4 × 12.4) µm, each with four banana-shaped sporozoites. Polar granule and oöcyst residuum were both absent. We documented the developmental forms in the small intestine and described the histopathological lesions in the enteric tract. Our results indicate that the prevalence of Cystoisospora mamorae n. sp. in O. mamorae is low, and tissue damage in the enteric tract is mild, even in the presence of coccidian developmental stages.


Assuntos
Arvicolinae/parasitologia , Sarcocystidae/classificação , Animais , Brasil , Oocistos/citologia , Sarcocystidae/citologia , Sarcocystidae/fisiologia , Especificidade da Espécie , Esporozoítos/citologia
13.
Rev Chilena Infectol ; 34(4): 347-351, 2017 Aug.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29165511

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Cystoisospora belli infection is one of the most important causes of watery diarrhea in patients with HIV and causes high rates of morbidity and mortality. METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted in patients with HIV and diarrhea by C. belli. Clinical and laboratory characteristics were collected by analyzing clinical records. RESULTS: Four had recurrent diarrhea despite receiving secondary prophylaxis with cotrimoxazole and specific treatment, two of which had a good viral and immunological response to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) at the time of diagnosis and antiparasitic treatment. While the remaining three did not receive prophylaxis, neither did HAART (two of them), but they responded well to treatment. CONCLUSIONS: C. belli is an important cause of diarrhea in HIV patients on HAART and prophylaxis, being able to have different clinical evolution. We suggest that persistent infection may be due to drug failure by intrinsic or extrinsic to the parasite causes, or to defects in restoration of the intestinal immune system, or both.


Assuntos
Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/microbiologia , Coccidiose/microbiologia , Diarreia/microbiologia , Sarcocystidae/microbiologia , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/complicações , Adulto , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade , Diarreia/etiologia , Feminino , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Peru , Estudos Retrospectivos , Combinação Trimetoprima e Sulfametoxazol/uso terapêutico , Adulto Jovem
14.
Rev Bras Parasitol Vet ; 26(3): 348-351, 2017.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28977249

RESUMO

The little owl Athene noctua (Scopoli, 1769) is a small raptor that is widely distributed from northern to southern Portugal and several other countries in Europe, Asia and North Africa, and which has been introduced into New Zealand. In the current study, 18 fecal samples were collected from little owls kept at the Lisbon Center for Wild Animal Recovery, which is located in Monsanto Forest Park, Lisbon, Portugal. Twelve (67%) of them were found to be passing an undescribed species of Avispora in their feces. The oocysts of Avispora mochogalegoi n. sp. were ellipsoidal with a bilayered wall and measured 38.9 × 32.9 µm, with a shape index of 1.18. No micropyle, oocyst residuum or polar granule was present. The sporocysts were subspherical, measuring 21.1 × 20.1 µm. Stieda, sub-Stieda and para-Stieda bodies were absent. The sporocyst residuum was composed of a compact subspherical mass of granules. This is the fourth species of Avispora reported in Strigiformes.


Assuntos
Doenças das Aves/parasitologia , Coccidiose/veterinária , Sarcocystidae , Estrigiformes , Animais , Fezes/parasitologia , Portugal , Sarcocystidae/classificação
15.
Vet Parasitol ; 244: 54-58, 2017 Sep 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28917317

RESUMO

Hammondia heydorni is a coccidian parasite believed to be nonpathogenic for naturally-infected animals, but it is biologically and genetically related to Neospora caninum, a worldwide cause of abortion in cattle. The major aim of the present work was to determine whether dogs shed H. heydorni oocysts after consuming in vitro generated tissue cysts of the parasite. In addition, we investigated cross-immunity between H. heydorni and N. caninum in mice. Two dogs were fed cultured cells containing tissue cysts of H. heydorni mixed with canned dog food, and a third dog (negative control) received only non-infected cells mixed with canned food. The two dogs that consumed in vitro produced tissue cysts shed high numbers of oocysts, which were induced to sporulate and tested positive for H. heydorni by a species-specific PCR. The third uninfected dog did not shed H. heydorni oocysts in the feces. Oocysts shed by the dogs induced the formation of encysted bradyzoites of H. heydorni on KH-R cells. Nineteen BALB/c mice were employed in the cross-immunity study. Nine mice were orally inoculated with 1×105 sporulated oocysts of H. heydorni and challenged with N. caninum tachyzoites 30days after infection with H. heydorni. Other ten mice, which did not receive H. heydorni oocysts, were infected with 2×105N. caninum tachyzoites. Thirty days after challenging with N. caninum, all mice were euthanized and N. caninum DNA in their tissues was quantified by real time PCR. No statistically significant difference in N. caninum DNA concentrations were observed between the two groups. We concluded that in vitro generated cysts of H. heydorni are biologically active, because they induced oocyst shedding in dogs. As no cross-protection occurred in mice inoculated with H. heydorni and challenged with N. caninum, it is suspected that these parasites do not express significant numbers of homologous proteins during infection, or the immune response of BALB/c mice after H. heydorni infection was not sufficient.


Assuntos
Coccidiose/veterinária , Doenças do Cão/imunologia , Neospora/imunologia , Sarcocystidae/genética , Sarcocystidae/imunologia , Animais , Linhagem Celular , Coccidiose/imunologia , Coccidiose/parasitologia , Proteção Cruzada , Doenças do Cão/parasitologia , Cães , Fezes/parasitologia , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos BALB C , Neospora/genética , Oocistos/imunologia
16.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 26(3): 348-351, July-Sept. 2017. tab, graf
Artigo em Inglês | LILACS | ID: biblio-899293

RESUMO

Abstract The little owl Athene noctua (Scopoli, 1769) is a small raptor that is widely distributed from northern to southern Portugal and several other countries in Europe, Asia and North Africa, and which has been introduced into New Zealand. In the current study, 18 fecal samples were collected from little owls kept at the Lisbon Center for Wild Animal Recovery, which is located in Monsanto Forest Park, Lisbon, Portugal. Twelve (67%) of them were found to be passing an undescribed species of Avispora in their feces. The oocysts of Avispora mochogalegoi n. sp. were ellipsoidal with a bilayered wall and measured 38.9 × 32.9 µm, with a shape index of 1.18. No micropyle, oocyst residuum or polar granule was present. The sporocysts were subspherical, measuring 21.1 × 20.1 µm. Stieda, sub-Stieda and para-Stieda bodies were absent. The sporocyst residuum was composed of a compact subspherical mass of granules. This is the fourth species of Avispora reported in Strigiformes.


Resumo O mocho-galego Athene noctua (Scopoli, 1769) é uma pequena ave de rapina amplamente distribuída de norte a sul de Portugal, em vários países da Europa, Ásia e norte da África, e foi introduzida na Nova Zelândia. No presente trabalho, 18 amostras de fezes foram coletadas de mochos-galegos mantidos no Centro de Recuperação de Animais Silvestres de Lisboa, localizado no Parque Florestal de Monsanto, Lisboa, Portugal. Doze (67%) deles eliminaram uma espécie não descrita de Avispora em suas fezes. Os oocistos de Avispora mochogalegoi n. sp. foram elipsóides, com parede de dupla camada, medindo 38,9 × 32,9 µm, e índice morfométrico de 1,18. A micrópila, resíduo do oocisto e grânulo polar foram ausentes. Os esporocistos foram subesféricos, medindo 21,1 × 20,1 µm. Corpos de Stieda, substieda e parastieda foram ausentes. O resíduo do esporocisto foi composto de uma massa subesférica compacta de grânulos. Esta é a quarta espécie Avispora relatada em Strigiformes.


Assuntos
Animais , Doenças das Aves/parasitologia , Coccidiose/veterinária , Estrigiformes , Sarcocystidae/classificação , Portugal , Fezes/parasitologia
17.
Rev. chil. infectol ; Rev. chil. infectol;34(4): 347-351, ago. 2017. tab, graf
Artigo em Espanhol | LILACS | ID: biblio-899722

RESUMO

Resumen Introducción: La infección por Cystoisospora belli es una de las causas más frecuentes de diarrea acuosa en pacientes con infección por VIH y ocasiona altas tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo en pacientes infectados con VIH y diarrea por C. belli. Características clínicas y de laboratorio fueron recolectadas mediante el análisis de historias clínicas. Resultados: Se identificaron siete casos. Cuatro presentaron diarrea recurrente a pesar de recibir profilaxis secundaria con cotrimoxazol y tratamiento específico, dos de los cuales tuvieron buena respuesta viral e inmunológica al tratamiento anti-retroviral de gran actividad (TARGA) al momento del diagnóstico y tratamiento antiparasitario. Mientras que, los tres restantes no recibían profilaxis, tampoco TARGA (dos de ellos), pero respondieron bien al tratamiento. Conclusiones: C. belli es causa importante de diarrea en pacientes VIH con TARGA y profilaxis, pudiendo tener distinta evolución clínica. Sugerimos que la infección persistente puede ser debido al fallo farmacológico por causas intrínsecas o extrínsecas al parásito, o a defectos en la restauración del sistema inmune intestinal, o ambos.


Introduction: Cystoisospora belli infection is one of the most important causes of watery diarrhea in patients with HIV and causes high rates of morbidity and mortality. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in patients with HIV and diarrhea by C. belli. Clinical and laboratory characteristics were collected by analyzing clinical records. Results: Four had recurrent diarrhea despite receiving secondary prophylaxis with cotrimoxazole and specific treatment, two of which had a good viral and immunological response to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) at the time of diagnosis and antiparasitic treatment. While the remaining three did not receive prophylaxis, neither did HAART (two of them), but they responded well to treatment. Conclusions: C. belli is an important cause of diarrhea in HIV patients on HAART and prophylaxis, being able to have different clinical evolution. We suggest that persistent infection may be due to drug failure by intrinsic or extrinsic to the parasite causes, or to defects in restoration of the intestinal immune system, or both.


Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Coccidiose/microbiologia , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/microbiologia , Sarcocystidae/microbiologia , Diarreia/microbiologia , Peru , Infecções por HIV/tratamento farmacológico , Combinação Trimetoprima e Sulfametoxazol/uso terapêutico , Estudos Retrospectivos , Infecções Oportunistas Relacionadas com a AIDS/complicações , Terapia Antirretroviral de Alta Atividade , Diarreia/etiologia
18.
Parasitology ; 144(7): 851-868, 2017 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28241894

RESUMO

Toxoplasma gondii, Neospora spp., Sarcocystis spp., Hammondia spp. and Besnoitia besnoiti are genetically related cyst-forming coccidia. Serology is frequently used for the identification of T. gondii, Neospora spp. and B. besnoiti-exposed individuals. Serologic cross-reactions occur in different tests among animals infected with T. gondii and H. hammondi, as well as among animals infected by T. gondii and N. caninum. Infections caused by N. caninum and N. hughesi are almost indistinguishable by serology. Neospora caninum, B. besnoiti and Sarcocystis spp. infections in cattle show some degree of serologic cross-reactivity. Antibody cross-reactivity between Neospora spp. and H. heydorni-infected animals is suspected, but not proven to occur. We review serologic cross-reactivity among animals and/or humans infected with T. gondii, Neospora spp., Sarcocystis spp., Hammondia spp. and B. besnoiti. Emphasis is laid upon antigens and serological methods for N. caninum diagnosis which were tested for cross-reactivity with related protozoa. Species-specific antigens, as well as stage-specific proteins have been identified in some of these parasites and have promising use for diagnosis and epidemiological surveys.


Assuntos
Anticorpos Antiprotozoários/imunologia , Coccidiose/veterinária , Sarcocystidae/fisiologia , Animais , Coccidiose/imunologia , Coccidiose/parasitologia , Reações Cruzadas/imunologia , Humanos , Especificidade da Espécie
19.
Ci. Rural ; 46(9): 1613-1617, Sept. 2016. tab, ilus
Artigo em Inglês | VETINDEX | ID: vti-29723

RESUMO

Infections caused by protozoa belonging to the Sarcocystidae family have worldwide distribution and are common in ruminants, leading to considerable economic losses. This study evaluates Sarcocystis spp., Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum infections in sheep from Southwest region of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Myocardium samples of 80 sheep raised on extensive system were collected. Tissue cysts were detected by direct examination and presence of infective agents was confirmed by PCR. Macroscopic evaluation did not reveal changes, but direct microscopic examination showed cysts in 76.2% (61/80, 95% CI: 66.9 - 85.9) samples, and all cysts were morphologically similar to those caused by Sarcocystis tenella or Sarcocystis arieticanis. PCR detected Sarcocystis spp. DNA in 21.2% (17/80, CI: 12.3-30.2) of the tested samples and T. gondii DNA in 15% (12/80, CI: 7.2-22.8). Moreover, 6.2% (5/80, CI: 2.1-13.9) samples contained DNA of both protozoan. The presence of N. caninum nucleic acids was not observed in tested samples. However, all PCR-positive samples (23.7%-19/80, CI: 14.4-33.1) were also positive by direct examination (microscopic cysts). Thus, a high occurrence of microscopic tissue cysts was detected in sheep from southwest region of Rio Grande do Sul State. Although PCR did not show good sensitivity to identify the causative agents of these cysts, it revealed the presence of Sarcocystis spp. and T. gondii in ovine cardiac muscle samples. This may predispose the contamination of animals and humans by these protozoa.(AU)


Infecções causadas por protozoários da família Sarcocystidae apresentam distribuição mundial, sendo comuns em ruminantes, responsáveis por causar importantes perdas econômicas. Este estudo avaliou infecções de Sarcocystis spp., Toxoplasma gondii e Neospora caninum em ovinos da região sudoeste do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Foram coletadas amostras de miocárdio de 80 ovinos criados em sistema extensivo. Cistos teciduais foram detectados por exame direto, com a presença dos agentes confirmada por PCR. A avaliação macroscópica não revelou alterações, porém, no exame microscópico direto, foram verificados cistos em 76,2% (61/80, 95% IC: 66,9-85,9) das amostras, sendo todos morfologicamente semelhantes ao Sarcocystis tenella ou Sarcocystis arieticanis. A PCR detectou DNA de Sarcocystis spp. em 21,2% (17/80, IC: 12,3-30,2) das amostras testadas e DNA de T. gondii em 15% (12/80, IC: 7,2-22,8). Em 6,2% (5/80, IC: 2,1-13,9), foram detectados DNA de ambos os protozoários. Todas as amostras positivas no PCR (23,7%-19/80, IC: 14,4-33,1) também foram positivas no exame direto (cistos microscópicos). Assim, uma alta ocorrência de cistos teciduais microscópicos em ovinos da região sudoeste do Rio Grande do Sul foi detectada. Apesar de a PCR não ter mostrado uma boa sensibilidade na identificação dos agentes causadores desses cistos, foi possível verificar a presença de Sarcocystis spp. e T. gondii em amostras do músculo cardíaco de ovinos. Dessa maneira, a presença destes protozoários pode predispor a contaminação de humanos e animais.(AU)


Assuntos
Animais , Doenças dos Ovinos , Patologia Molecular , Sarcocystidae , Toxoplasma , Neospora
20.
Rev Bras Parasitol Vet ; 25(1): 82-9, 2016.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27007245

RESUMO

Phylogenies within Toxoplasmatinae have been widely investigated with different molecular markers. Here, we studied molecular phylogenies of the Toxoplasmatinae subfamily based on apicoplast and mitochondrial genes. Partial sequences of apicoplast genes coding for caseinolytic protease (clpC) and beta subunit of RNA polymerase (rpoB), and mitochondrial gene coding for cytochrome B (cytB) were analyzed. Laboratory-adapted strains of the closely related parasites Sarcocystis falcatula and Sarcocystis neurona were investigated, along with Neospora caninum, Neospora hughesi, Toxoplasma gondii (strains RH, CTG and PTG), Besnoitia akodoni, Hammondia hammondiand two genetically divergent lineages of Hammondia heydorni. The molecular analysis based on organellar genes did not clearly differentiate between N. caninum and N. hughesi, but the two lineages of H. heydorni were confirmed. Slight differences between the strains of S. falcatula and S. neurona were encountered in all markers. In conclusion, congruent phylogenies were inferred from the three different genes and they might be used for screening undescribed sarcocystid parasites in order to ascertain their phylogenetic relationships with organisms of the family Sarcocystidae. The evolutionary studies based on organelar genes confirm that the genus Hammondia is paraphyletic. The primers used for amplification of clpC and rpoB were able to amplify genetic sequences of organisms of the genus Sarcocystisand organisms of the subfamily Toxoplasmatinae as well.


Assuntos
Apicoplastos/genética , Filogenia , Sarcocystidae/genética , Animais , Neospora/genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA/métodos , Toxoplasma/genética
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