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1.
Alzheimers Res Ther ; 16(1): 124, 2024 Jun 08.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38851772

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Higher order regulation of autonomic function is maintained by the coordinated activity of specific cortical and subcortical brain regions, collectively referred to as the central autonomic network (CAN). Autonomic changes are frequently observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and dementia, but no studies to date have investigated whether plasma AD biomarkers are associated with CAN functional connectivity changes in at risk older adults. METHODS: Independently living older adults (N = 122) without major neurological or psychiatric disorder were recruited from the community. Participants underwent resting-state brain fMRI and a CAN network derived from a voxel-based meta-analysis was applied for overall, sympathetic, and parasympathetic CAN connectivity using the CONN Functional Toolbox. Sensorimotor network connectivity was studied as a negative control. Plasma levels of amyloid (Aß42, Aß40), neurofilament light chain (NfL), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) were assessed using digital immunoassay. The relationship between plasma AD biomarkers and within-network functional connectivity was studied using multiple linear regression adjusted for demographic covariates and Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype. Interactive effects with APOE4 carrier status were also assessed. RESULTS: All autonomic networks were positively associated with Aß42/40 ratio and remained so after adjustment for age, sex, and APOE4 carrier status. Overall and parasympathetic networks were negatively associated with GFAP. The relationship between the parasympathetic CAN and GFAP was moderated by APOE4 carrier status, wherein APOE4 carriers with low parasympathetic CAN connectivity displayed the highest plasma GFAP concentrations (B = 910.00, P = .004). Sensorimotor connectivity was not associated with any plasma AD biomarkers, as expected. CONCLUSION: The present study findings suggest that CAN function is associated with plasma AD biomarker levels. Specifically, lower CAN functional connectivity is associated with decreased plasma Aß42/40, indicative of cerebral amyloidosis, and increased plasma GFAP in APOE4 carriers at risk for AD. These findings could suggest higher order autonomic and parasympathetic dysfunction in very early-stage AD, which may have clinical implications.


Assuntos
Doença de Alzheimer , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides , Biomarcadores , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Humanos , Feminino , Doença de Alzheimer/sangue , Doença de Alzheimer/fisiopatologia , Doença de Alzheimer/diagnóstico por imagem , Idoso , Masculino , Biomarcadores/sangue , Peptídeos beta-Amiloides/sangue , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Encéfalo/fisiopatologia , Fragmentos de Peptídeos/sangue , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiopatologia , Proteína Glial Fibrilar Ácida/sangue , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Proteínas de Neurofilamentos/sangue , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/sangue , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiopatologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/etiologia
2.
PLoS One ; 19(6): e0303346, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38837971

RESUMO

Heart rate variability (HRV) is a non-invasive indicator of the activity of the autonomic nervous system, which regulates many physiological functions including metabolism. The purpose of this study was to quantify the relationship between resting markers of HRV and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) response. Eighteen healthy individuals (10 males, 8 females, (23.8±2.9 years) underwent a 10-minute resting HRV recording. The final five minutes were evaluated via Kubios HRV Standard for: root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), standard deviation of normal-to-normal sinus beats (SDNN), high frequency (HF), and low frequency (LF). A standard 2-hour OGTT was then administered. Glucose was measured via finger stick before, 30-minutes post, 1-hour post, and 2-hours post OGTT. Pearson correlations demonstrated that RMSSD, SDNN, HF and LF were strongly correlated to fasting blood glucose (FBG) for the group (p<0.05) but not for glucose area under the curve (AUC). When analyzed by sex, only males demonstrated significant correlations between AUC and RMSSD, SDNN, and LF (p<0.05). An independent samples t-test revealed no sex differences for FBG, AUC, RMSSD, SDNN, HF and LF. These findings provide new and interesting insights into the relationship of autonomic activity and glucose uptake, highlighting sex-based relationships.


Assuntos
Glicemia , Teste de Tolerância a Glucose , Frequência Cardíaca , Humanos , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Masculino , Feminino , Glicemia/análise , Glicemia/metabolismo , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiologia , Voluntários Saudáveis , Glucose/metabolismo , Jejum/fisiologia
3.
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci ; 65(6): 24, 2024 Jun 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38874963

RESUMO

Purpose: To examine if changes in hemodynamic measures during an orthostatic challenge were associated with progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) over a 4-year period in The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing. Methods: Participants with AMD who underwent an active stand (AS) test at wave 1 (2009/2010) and retinal photographs at both wave 1 and wave 3 (2014/2015) were included (N = 159: 121 with no AMD progression and 38 with progression). Beat-to-beat hemodynamic data were non-invasively collected using a Finometer MIDI device during the AS at wave 1, recording systolic blood pressure (sBP), diastolic blood pressure (dBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate. Cardiac output, stroke volume, and total peripheral resistance (TPR) were derived from these measures. Baseline characteristics were compared between groups with and without AMD progression. Mixed-effects linear regression models were used to assess the association between changes in hemodynamic parameters during the AS and AMD progression, controlling for known AMD-associated risk factors. Results: At baseline, increasing age and lower dBP were significantly associated with AMD progression. Mixed-effects models for the period between standing and 10 seconds post-stand revealed significant associations with AMD progression with a steeper drop in dBP and a slower drop in TPR. Between 10 and 20 seconds post-stand, AMD progression was significantly associated with less pronounced reduction in heart rate. Conclusions: These observational data suggest that impaired hemodynamic responses within the first 20 seconds of orthostasis may be associated with the progression of AMD.


Assuntos
Envelhecimento , Pressão Sanguínea , Progressão da Doença , Frequência Cardíaca , Degeneração Macular , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Degeneração Macular/fisiopatologia , Irlanda/epidemiologia , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Envelhecimento/fisiologia , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Estudos Longitudinais , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiopatologia , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Hemodinâmica/fisiologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco
4.
JMIR Nurs ; 7: e56616, 2024 Jun 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38865177

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: One issue to be considered in universities is the need for interventions to improve sleep quality and educational systems for university students. However, sleep problems remain unresolved. As a clinical practice technique, a mindfulness-based stress reduction method can help students develop mindfulness skills to cope with stress, self-healing skills, and sleep. OBJECTIVE: We aim to verify the effectiveness of mindful breathing exercises using a tablet device. METHODS: In total, 18 nursing students, aged 18-22 years, were randomly assigned and divided equally into mindfulness (Mi) and nonmindfulness (nMi) implementation groups using tablet devices. During the 9-day experimental period, cardiac potentials were measured on days 1, 5, and 9. In each sleep stage (sleep with sympathetic nerve dominance, shallow sleep with parasympathetic nerve dominance, and deep sleep with parasympathetic nerve dominance), low frequency (LF) value, high frequency (HF) value, and LF/HF ratios obtained from the cardiac potentials were evaluated. RESULTS: On day 5, a significant correlation was observed between sleep duration and each sleep stage in both groups. In comparison to each experimental day, the LF and LF/HF ratios of the Mi group were significantly higher on day 1 than on days 5 and 10. LF and HF values in the nMi group were significantly higher on day 1 than on day 5. CONCLUSIONS: The correlation between sleep duration and each sleep stage on day 5 suggested that sleep homeostasis in both groups was activated on day 5, resulting in similar changes in sleep stages. During the experimental period, the cardiac potentials in the nMi group showed a wide range of fluctuations, whereas the LF values and LF/HF ratio in the Mi group showed a decreasing trend over time. This finding suggests that implementing mindful breathing exercises using a tablet device may suppress sympathetic activity during sleep. TRIAL REGISTRATION: UMIN-CTR Clinical Trials Registry UMIN000054639; https://tinyurl.com/mu2vdrks.


Assuntos
Sistema Nervoso Autônomo , Sono , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto Jovem , Adolescente , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiologia , Sono/fisiologia , Atenção Plena/métodos , Atenção Plena/instrumentação , Exercícios Respiratórios/métodos , Exercícios Respiratórios/instrumentação , Computadores de Mão , Estudantes de Enfermagem/psicologia
5.
Sci Transl Med ; 16(751): eadi3259, 2024 Jun 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38865485

RESUMO

Robust structural remodeling and synaptic plasticity occurs within spinal autonomic circuitry after severe high-level spinal cord injury (SCI). As a result, normally innocuous visceral or somatic stimuli elicit uncontrolled activation of spinal sympathetic reflexes that contribute to systemic disease and organ-specific pathology. How hyperexcitable sympathetic circuitry forms is unknown, but local cues from neighboring glia likely help mold these maladaptive neuronal networks. Here, we used a mouse model of SCI to show that microglia surrounded active glutamatergic interneurons and subsequently coordinated multi-segmental excitatory synaptogenesis and expansion of sympathetic networks that control immune, neuroendocrine, and cardiovascular functions. Depleting microglia during critical periods of circuit remodeling after SCI prevented maladaptive synaptic and structural plasticity in autonomic networks, decreased the frequency and severity of autonomic dysreflexia, and prevented SCI-induced immunosuppression. Forced turnover of microglia in microglia-depleted mice restored structural and functional indices of pathological dysautonomia, providing further evidence that microglia are key effectors of autonomic plasticity. Additional data show that microglia-dependent autonomic plasticity required expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (Trem2) and α2δ-1-dependent synaptogenesis. These data suggest that microglia are primary effectors of autonomic neuroplasticity and dysautonomia after SCI in mice. Manipulating microglia may be a strategy to limit autonomic complications after SCI or other forms of neurologic disease.


Assuntos
Microglia , Plasticidade Neuronal , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal , Animais , Microglia/patologia , Microglia/metabolismo , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/fisiopatologia , Traumatismos da Medula Espinal/patologia , Camundongos , Receptores Imunológicos/metabolismo , Glicoproteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiopatologia , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Sinapses/metabolismo , Interneurônios/metabolismo
6.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 11349, 2024 05 18.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38762532

RESUMO

Passive translational acceleration (PTA) has been demonstrated to induce the stress response and regulation of autonomic balance in healthy individuals. Electrodermal activity (EDA) and heart rate variability (HRV) measurements are reliable indicators of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) and can be used to assess stress levels. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential of combining EDA and HRV measurements in assessing the physiological stress response induced by PTA. Fourteen healthy subjects were randomly assigned to two groups of equal size. The experimental group underwent five trials of elevator rides, while the control group received a sham treatment. EDA and HRV indices were obtained via ultra-short-term analysis and compared between the two groups to track changes in the ANS. In addition, the complexity of the EDA time series was compared between the 4 s before and the 2-6 s after the onset of PTA to assess changes in the subjects' stress levels in the experimental group. The results revealed a significant increase in the skin conductance response (SCR) frequency and a decrease in the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) and high frequency (HF) components of HRV. In terms of stress assessment, the results showed an increase in the complexity of the EDA time series 2-6 s after the onset of PTA. These results indicate an elevation in sympathetic tone when healthy subjects were exposed to a translational transport scenario. Furthermore, evidence was provided for the ability of EDA complexity to differentiate stress states in individual trials of translational acceleration.


Assuntos
Sistema Nervoso Autônomo , Resposta Galvânica da Pele , Voluntários Saudáveis , Frequência Cardíaca , Estresse Fisiológico , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto Jovem , Aceleração , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiologia , Resposta Galvânica da Pele/fisiologia , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Projetos Piloto , Estresse Fisiológico/fisiologia
7.
J Affect Disord ; 358: 175-182, 2024 Aug 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38701901

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: In mid-later life adults, early-onset and late-onset (i.e., onset ≥50 years) depression appear to be underpinned by different pathophysiology yet have not been examined in relation to autonomic function. Sleep provides an opportunity to examine the autonomic nervous system as the physiology changes across the night. Hence, we aimed to explore if autonomic profile is altered in mid-later life adults with remitted early-onset, late-onset and no history of lifetime depression. METHODS: Participants aged 50-90 years (n = 188) from a specialised clinic underwent a comprehensive clinical assessment and completed an overnight polysomnography study. General Linear Models were used to examine the heart rate variability differences among the three groups for four distinct sleep stages and the wake after sleep onset. All analyses controlled for potential confounders - age, sex, current depressive symptoms and antidepressant usage. RESULTS: For the wake after sleep onset, mid-later life adults with remitted early-onset depression had reduced standard deviation of Normal to Normal intervals (SDNN; p = .014, d = -0.64) and Shannon Entropy (p = .004, d = -0.46,) than those with no history of lifetime depression. Further, the late-onset group showed a reduction in high-frequency heart rate variability (HFn.u.) during non-rapid eye movement sleep stage 2 (N2; p = .005, d = -0.53) and non-rapid eye movement sleep stage 3 (N3; p = .009, d = -0.55) when compared to those with no lifetime history. LIMITATIONS: Causality between heart rate variability and depression cannot be derived in this cross-sectional study. Longitudinal studies are needed to examine the effects remitted depressive episodes on autonomic function. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest differential autonomic profile for remitted early-onset and late-onset mid-later life adults during sleep stages and wake periods. The differences could potentially serve as peripheral biomarkers in conjunction with more disease-specific markers of depression to improve diagnosis and prognosis.


Assuntos
Idade de Início , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo , Frequência Cardíaca , Polissonografia , Humanos , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Feminino , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiopatologia , Fases do Sono/fisiologia , Sono/fisiologia , Depressão/fisiopatologia
8.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 11938, 2024 05 24.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38789480

RESUMO

Heart rate is under constant autonomic influence but the development of the influence in children is not fully understood. Continuous electrocardiograms were obtained in 1045 healthy school-age children (550 females) during postural provocations with body position changes between supine, sitting, standing, supine, standing, sitting and supine (in this order), 10 min in each position with position changes within 20 s. Heart rate was measured in each position and speed of heart rate changes between positions were assessed by regressions of rates versus timing of individual cardiac cycles. Supine heart rate was gradually decreasing with age: 82.32 ± 9.92, 74.33 ± 9.79, 67.43 ± 9.45 beats per minute (bpm) in tertile age groups < 11, 11-15, > 15 years, respectively (p < 0.0001), with no significant sex difference. Averaged speed of heart rate changes differed little between sexes and age groups but was significantly faster during rate deceleration than acceleration (e.g., supine ↔ standing: 2.99 ± 1.02 vs. 2.57 ± 0.68 bpm/s, p < 0.0001). The study suggests that in children, vagal heart rate control does not noticeably change between ages of approximately 6-19 years. The gradual resting heart rate decrease during childhood and adolescence is likely caused by lowering of cardiac sympathetic influence from sympathetic overdrive in small children to adult-like sympatho-vagal balance in older adolescents.


Assuntos
Eletrocardiografia , Frequência Cardíaca , Postura , Humanos , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Feminino , Criança , Masculino , Adolescente , Postura/fisiologia , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiologia , Decúbito Dorsal/fisiologia , Nervo Vago/fisiologia
9.
J Parkinsons Dis ; 14(4): 761-775, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38701159

RESUMO

Background: Autonomic dysfunction precedes endothelial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease (PD) and causes blood pressure and circulation abnormalities that are highly disruptive to one's quality of life. While exercise interventions have proven helpful for motor symptoms of PD, improving associated non-motor symptoms is limited. Low-intensity resistance training with blood flow restriction (LIRT-BFR) improves autonomic dysfunction in non-PD patients and high-intensity resistance training (HIRT) is recommended for motor symptom improvements for people with PD (PwPD). Objective: To determine the effects of LIRT-BFR and HIRT on homocysteine and autonomic and endothelial function in PwPD and to determine the hemodynamic loads during LIRT-BFR and HIRT in PwPD using a novel exercise protocol. Methods: Thirty-eight PwPD were assigned LIRT-BFR, HIRT or to a control (CNTRL) group. The LIRT-BFR and HIRT groups exercised three days per week for four weeks. The LIRT-BFR protocol used 60% limb occlusion pressure (LOP) and performed three sets of 20 repetitions at 20% of the one-repetition maximum (1RM). The HIRT group performed three sets of eight repetitions at 80% 1RM. The CNTRL group was asked to continue their normal daily routines. Results: LIRT-BFR significantly improved orthostatic hypotension (p = 0.026), homocysteine levels (p < 0.001), peripheral circulation (p = 0.003), supine blood pressure (p = 0.028) and heart rate variability (p = 0.041); LIRT-BFR improved homocysteine levels (p < 0.018), peripheral circulation (p = 0.005), supine blood pressure (p = 0.007) and heart rate variability (p = 0.047) more than HIRT; and hemodynamic loads for LIRT-BFR and HIRT were similar. Conclusions: LIRT-BFR may be more effective than HIRT for autonomic and endothelial function improvements in PwPD and hemodynamic loads may be lessened in LIRT-BFR protocols using single-joint exercises with intermittent blood flow restriction. Further research is needed to determine if non-motor symptoms improve over time and if results are sustainable.


Assuntos
Doença de Parkinson , Treinamento Resistido , Humanos , Treinamento Resistido/métodos , Doença de Parkinson/fisiopatologia , Doença de Parkinson/terapia , Doença de Parkinson/reabilitação , Masculino , Feminino , Idoso , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Endotélio Vascular/fisiopatologia , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiopatologia , Terapia de Restrição de Fluxo Sanguíneo , Homocisteína/sangue , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia
10.
High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev ; 31(3): 321-327, 2024 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38735994

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Cardiac autonomic system functioning may be altered by obesity leading to cardiovascular diseases and associated complications. Military police officers are exposed to traditional and occupational risk factors for the development of CVD, however data on the cardiovascular health in this population is still scarce. AIM: In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the impact of obesity on cardiac autonomic modulation and the hemodynamic profile in male active-duty military police officers. METHODS: The body composition of the volunteers was assessed by octapolar electrical bioimpedance. Participants were classified as non-obese or obese in accordance with their body fat, with further subgroups as physically active obese or insufficiently active obese using International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Cardiac autonomic modulation was assessed by heart rate variability and the automatic oscillometric method allowed us to assess hemodynamic features. RESULTS: 102 military police officers from the state of São Paulo participated in the study. Cardiac autonomic modulation revealed significant impairment in time and frequency domains and non-linear methods in the obese group compared to the non-obese (p < 0.05). A higher physical activity level did not alter these results in the obese group. However, no significant differences in the hemodynamic profile were observed between groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: These findings suggest a negative association between obesity and cardiac autonomic modulation in military police officers, unaffected by increased physical activity.


Assuntos
Sistema Nervoso Autônomo , Frequência Cardíaca , Obesidade , Polícia , Humanos , Masculino , Estudos Transversais , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiopatologia , Adulto , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Obesidade/diagnóstico , Obesidade/epidemiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Coração/inervação , Coração/fisiopatologia , Saúde Ocupacional , Hemodinâmica , Saúde Militar , Adiposidade , Medição de Risco , Militares , Adulto Jovem
11.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 12358, 2024 05 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38811750

RESUMO

Despite treatment with levothyroxine, hypothyroidism and autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) may be associated with reduced quality of life (QoL), an enigmatic condition referred to as "syndrome T". Peripheral neuropathy, described in untreated thyroid disease, could be a contributing mechanism. We analysed autonomic and somatosensory function in 29 patients with AIT and treated hypothyroidism and 27 healthy volunteers. They underwent heart rate variability (HRV) analysis and quantitative sensory testing (n = 28), comprising 13 parameters of small and large nerve fibre function and pain thresholds. Autonomic cardiovascular function was assessed in rest, deep respiration and orthostasis. Additionally, biomarkers for autoimmunity and thyroid function were measured. Anxiety, depression and QoL were assessed using validated questionnaires. 36% of the patients showed at least one sign of somatosensory small or large fibre dysfunction. 57% presented with mild hyperalgesia to at least one stimulus. Several markers of autonomic function and some detection thresholds were related to the antibody titres. Anxiety, depression scores and QoL correlated to antibody titres and HRV measures. Autonomic and somatosensory dysfunction indicate that in treated hypothyroidism and AIT a subgroup of patients suffers from neuropathic symptoms leading to impaired QoL. Additionally, mild hyperalgesia as a possible sensitisation phenomenon should be considered a target for symptomatic treatment.


Assuntos
Sistema Nervoso Autônomo , Qualidade de Vida , Tireoidite Autoimune , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiopatologia , Tireoidite Autoimune/fisiopatologia , Tireoidite Autoimune/complicações , Tireoidite Autoimune/tratamento farmacológico , Frequência Cardíaca , Hipotireoidismo/fisiopatologia , Hipotireoidismo/tratamento farmacológico , Hipotireoidismo/complicações , Tiroxina/uso terapêutico , Tiroxina/sangue , Idoso , Distúrbios Somatossensoriais/etiologia , Distúrbios Somatossensoriais/fisiopatologia , Ansiedade
12.
Arq Bras Cardiol ; 121(5): e20230678, 2024 Apr.
Artigo em Português, Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38747749

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have been inconsistent in demonstrating beneficial cardiovascular effects of vitamin D supplementation. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effects of vitamin D3 supplementation on central hemodynamic parameters and autonomic activity in obese/overweight individuals with low vitamin D levels (<30ng/dl). METHODS: Adults 40-65 years old with body mass index ≥25<40 kg/m2 were enrolled in this prospective, randomized, double-blind clinical trial (NCT05689632). Central hemodynamics was assessed using the oscillometric method (Mobil-O-Graph®), and heart rate variability using a Polar heart rate monitor (Kubios® software). Patients (n=53) received a placebo in the control group (CO, n=25) or vitamin D3 (VD, n=28) 7000 IU/day, and were evaluated before (W0) and after 8 weeks (W8) with a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: The groups were homogeneous regarding age (51±6 vs 52±6 years, p=0.509) and vitamin D levels (22.8±4.9 vs 21.7±4.5ng/ml, p=0.590). At W8, the VD group had significantly higher levels of vitamin D (22.5 vs 35.6ng/ml, p<0.001). Only the VD group showed a significant reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP; 123±15 vs 119±14mmHg, p=0.019) and alkaline phosphatase (213±55 vs 202±55mg/dl, p=0.012). The CO group showed an increase in augmentation pressure (AP: 9 vs 12 mmHg, p=0.028) and augmentation index (AIx: 26 vs 35%, p=0.020), which was not observed in the VD group (AP: 8 vs 8 mmHg, AIx: 26 vs 25%, p>0.05). VD group showed an increase in the parasympathetic nervous system index (PNSi) (-0.64±0.94 vs -0.16±1.10, p=0.028) and the R-R interval (866±138 vs 924±161 ms, p= 0.026). CONCLUSION: In this sample, eight weeks of daily vitamin D supplementation resulted in an improvement in blood pressure levels and autonomic balance.


FUNDAMENTO: Estudos prévios têm sido inconsistentes em demonstrar efeitos cardiovasculares benéficos da suplementação de vitamina D. OBJETIVO: Avaliar efeitos da suplementação de vitamina D3 sobre parâmetros hemodinâmicos centrais e atividade autonômica em indivíduos obesos/sobrepeso e baixos níveis de vitamina D (<30ng/dl). MÉTODOS: Ensaio clínico prospectivo, randomizado, duplo-cego (NCT05689632), adultos 40-65 anos com índice de massa corporal ≥25<40 kg/m2. Hemodinâmica central avaliada por método oscilométrico (Mobil-O-Graph®), variabilidade da frequência cardíaca utilizando frequencímetro Polar (software Kubios®). Os pacientes (n=53) receberam placebo no grupo controle (CO, n=25) ou vitamina D3 (VD, n=28) 7000 UI/dia, avaliados antes (S0) e após 8 semanas (S8) com nível de significância de 0,05. RESULTADOS: Os grupos foram homogêneos na idade (51±6 vs. 52±6 anos, p=0,509) e níveis de vitamina D (22,8±4,9 vs. 21,7±4,5ng/ml, p=0,590). Na S8, o grupo VD apresentou níveis significativamente maiores de vitamina D (22,5 vs. 35,6ng/ml, p<0,001). Apenas o grupo VD mostrou redução significativa da pressão arterial sistólica (PAS; 123±15 vs. 119±14mmHg, p=0,019) e fosfatase alcalina (213±55 vs. 202±55mg/dl, p=0,012). O grupo CO mostrou elevação da pressão de aumento (AP: 9 vs. 12mmHg, p=0,028) e do índice de incremento (Aix: 26 vs. 35%, p=0,020), o que não foi observado no grupo VD (AP: 8 vs. 8mmHg, Aix: 26 vs. 25%, p>0,05). Grupo VD apresentou aumento no índice do sistema nervoso (iSN) parassimpático (-0,64±0,94 vs. -0,16±1,10, p=0,028) e no intervalo R-R (866±138 vs. 924±161ms, p=0,026). CONCLUSÃO: Nesta amostra, a suplementação diária de vitamina D durante oito semanas resultou em melhora dos níveis pressóricos, parâmetros hemodinâmicos centrais e do equilíbrio autonômico.


Assuntos
Sistema Nervoso Autônomo , Colecalciferol , Suplementos Nutricionais , Frequência Cardíaca , Hemodinâmica , Obesidade , Sobrepeso , Vitamina D , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Masculino , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/efeitos dos fármacos , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiopatologia , Feminino , Método Duplo-Cego , Adulto , Hemodinâmica/efeitos dos fármacos , Estudos Prospectivos , Obesidade/fisiopatologia , Obesidade/complicações , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Idoso , Colecalciferol/administração & dosagem , Sobrepeso/fisiopatologia , Sobrepeso/complicações , Vitamina D/sangue , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Resultado do Tratamento , Deficiência de Vitamina D/fisiopatologia , Deficiência de Vitamina D/tratamento farmacológico , Deficiência de Vitamina D/complicações , Índice de Massa Corporal , Vitaminas/administração & dosagem , Vitaminas/uso terapêutico , Fatores de Tempo , Valores de Referência , Estatísticas não Paramétricas
13.
Sci Rep ; 14(1): 11198, 2024 05 16.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38755393

RESUMO

Variations in the autonomic nervous system activity during exercise therapy in patients with cardiovascular diseases may lead to adverse events. Aromatherapy may reduce these adverse events by enhancing parasympathetic nervous activity (PNA). However, the effects of aromatherapy during exercise remain relatively unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of aromatherapy on autonomic nervous activity during exercise and recovery. This randomized crossover study included 20 healthy men subjected to both aroma and placebo conditions which involved rest and moderate-intensity aerobic exercise on a cycle ergometer, followed by recovery. Blood pressure, heart rate variability indices, and SpO2 were measured during the rest, exercise, and recovery phases. Moreover, aroma preferences and emotional changes in response to the aroma were assessed. Under the placebo condition, high frequency (HF), root mean square of successive differences indices, and heart rate showed delayed recovery (P < 0.05). Furthermore, a moderate positive correlation was identified between aroma preference, pleasant emotions induced by aromatherapy, and the HF index (P < 0.05). These results indicate that aromatherapy facilitates the recovery of PNA after exercise. Furthermore, these effects were more pronounced among individuals who exhibited a stronger preference for and more positive emotions toward aromas.


Assuntos
Aromaterapia , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo , Estudos Cross-Over , Exercício Físico , Frequência Cardíaca , Humanos , Aromaterapia/métodos , Masculino , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiologia , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Adulto , Adulto Jovem , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Odorantes
14.
Mov Disord Clin Pract ; 11(6): 698-703, 2024 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38698586

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Blood pressure control in Parkinson's disease (PD) under subthalamic deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) is influenced by several intertwined aspects, including autonomic failure and levodopa treatment. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of chronic STN-DBS, levodopa, and their combination on cardiovascular autonomic functions in PD. METHODS: We performed cardiovascular reflex tests (CRTs) before and 6-months after STN-DBS surgery in 20 PD patients (pre-DBS vs. post-DBS). CRTs were executed without and with medication (med-OFF vs. med-ON). RESULTS: CRT results and occurrence of neurogenic orthostatic hypotension (OH) did not differ between pre- and post-DBS studies in med-OFF condition. After levodopa intake, the BP decrease during HUTT was significantly greater compared to med-OFF, both at pre-DBS and post-DBS evaluation. Levodopa-induced OH was documented in 25% and 5% of patients in pre-DBS/med-ON and post-DBS/med-ON study. CONCLUSION: Chronic stimulation did not influence cardiovascular responses, while levodopa exerts a relevant hypotensive effect. The proportion of patients presenting levodopa-induced OH decreases after STN-DBS surgery.


Assuntos
Antiparkinsonianos , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo , Estimulação Encefálica Profunda , Levodopa , Doença de Parkinson , Humanos , Doença de Parkinson/terapia , Doença de Parkinson/fisiopatologia , Estimulação Encefálica Profunda/métodos , Masculino , Feminino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Idoso , Levodopa/uso terapêutico , Levodopa/efeitos adversos , Levodopa/administração & dosagem , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiopatologia , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/efeitos dos fármacos , Antiparkinsonianos/uso terapêutico , Antiparkinsonianos/efeitos adversos , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Pressão Sanguínea/efeitos dos fármacos , Núcleo Subtalâmico/fisiopatologia , Hipotensão Ortostática/terapia , Hipotensão Ortostática/etiologia , Hipotensão Ortostática/fisiopatologia
15.
Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol ; 326(6): H1544-H1549, 2024 Jun 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38700471

RESUMO

Numerous studies have shown that oxidative stress plays an important role in peripheral artery disease (PAD). Prior reports suggested autonomic dysfunction in PAD. We hypothesized that responses of the autonomic nervous system and coronary tone would be impaired in patients with PAD during exposure to acute hyperoxia, an oxidative stressor. In 20 patients with PAD and 16 healthy, sex- and age-matched controls, beat-by-beat heart rate (HR, from ECG) and blood pressure (BP, with Finometer) were recorded for 10 min during room air breathing and 5 min of hyperoxia. Cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity and HR variability (HRV) were evaluated as measures of autonomic function. Transthoracic coronary echocardiography was used to assess peak coronary blood flow velocity (CBV) in the left anterior descending coronary artery. Cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity at rest was lower in PAD than in healthy controls. Hyperoxia raised BP solely in the patients with PAD, with no change observed in healthy controls. Hyperoxia induced an increase in cardiac parasympathetic activity assessed by the high-frequency component of HRV in healthy controls but not in PAD. Indices of parasympathetic activity were lower in PAD than in healthy controls throughout the trial as well as during hyperoxia. Hyperoxia induced coronary vasoconstriction in both groups, while the coronary perfusion time fraction was lower in PAD than in healthy controls. These results suggest that the response in parasympathetic activity to hyperoxia (i.e., oxidative stress) is blunted and the coronary perfusion time is shorter in patients with PAD.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD) showed consistently lower parasympathetic activity and blunted cardiovagal baroreflex sensitivity compared with healthy individuals. Notably, hyperoxia, which normally boosts parasympathetic activity in healthy individuals, failed to induce this response in patients with PAD. These data suggest altered autonomic responses during hyperoxia in PAD.


Assuntos
Barorreflexo , Pressão Sanguínea , Frequência Cardíaca , Hiperóxia , Doença Arterial Periférica , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Hiperóxia/fisiopatologia , Idoso , Doença Arterial Periférica/fisiopatologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Circulação Coronária , Vasos Coronários/fisiopatologia , Vasos Coronários/diagnóstico por imagem , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiopatologia , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Estresse Oxidativo
16.
Curr Psychiatry Rep ; 26(6): 312-322, 2024 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38717659

RESUMO

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: In this narrative review we wanted to describe the relationship of autonomic nervous system activity with social environment and suicidal spectrum behaviors. RECENT FINDINGS: Patients with suicidal ideation/suicide attempt have higher sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and lower parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity in resting conditions and during acute stress tasks compared with patients without suicidal ideation/suicide attempt. Death by suicide and violent suicide attempt also are related to SNS hyperactivation. Similarly, a SNS/PNS imbalance has been observed in people with childhood trauma, stressful life events or feelings of loneliness and isolation. Social support seems to increase PNS control and resilience. Due to the importance of the social context and stressful life events in suicidal behavior, SNS/PNS imbalance could act as a mediator in this relationship and be a source of relevant biomarkers. Childhood trauma and stressful life events may impair the autonomic nervous system response in suicidal patients. Loneliness, isolation and social support may act as moderators in acute stress situations.


Assuntos
Sistema Nervoso Autônomo , Isolamento Social , Estresse Psicológico , Humanos , Estresse Psicológico/fisiopatologia , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Isolamento Social/psicologia , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiopatologia , Ideação Suicida , Tentativa de Suicídio/psicologia , Doenças do Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiopatologia , Solidão/psicologia
17.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38729257

RESUMO

The time course for recovery after anesthesia is poorly described for tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222). We suggest that the baroreflex and the heart rate variability (HRV) could be used to index the recovery of the autonomic modulation after anesthesia. We analyzed the recovery profile of behavioral and physiological parameters over time to analyze the progression of recovery after anesthesia of American bullfrogs with MS-222. Mean heart rate stabilized after 17 h, whereas the baroreflex efficiency index took 23 h and the baroreflex operating gain, 29 h. Mean arterial pressure recovered after 26 h. Power spectral density peaked at 23 h and again after 40 h. Baroreflex was a relevant component of the first phase of HRV, while autonomic modulation for resting may take longer than 40 h. We suggest that physiological recovery is a complex phenomenon with multiple progressive phases, and the baroreflex may be a useful tool to observe the first substantial recovery of post-instrumentation capacity for autonomic modulation.


Assuntos
Aminobenzoatos , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo , Barorreflexo , Frequência Cardíaca , Rana catesbeiana , Animais , Barorreflexo/fisiologia , Frequência Cardíaca/fisiologia , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiologia , Rana catesbeiana/fisiologia , Aminobenzoatos/farmacologia , Anestesia , Masculino , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Anestésicos/farmacologia
18.
Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol ; 327(1): R1-R13, 2024 Jul 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38738293

RESUMO

Hypoxia is a pivotal factor in the pathophysiology of various clinical conditions, including obstructive sleep apnea, which has a strong association with cardiovascular diseases like hypertension, posing significant health risks. Although the precise mechanisms linking hypoxemia-associated clinical conditions with hypertension remains incompletely understood, compelling evidence suggests that hypoxia induces plasticity of the neurocirculatory control system. Despite variations in experimental designs and the severity, frequency, and duration of hypoxia exposure, evidence from animal and human models consistently demonstrates the robust effects of hypoxemia in triggering reflex-mediated sympathetic activation. Both acute and chronic hypoxia alters neurocirculatory regulation and, in some circumstances, leads to sympathetic outflow and elevated blood pressures that persist beyond the hypoxic stimulus. Dysregulation of autonomic control could lead to adverse cardiovascular outcomes and increase the risk of developing hypertension.


Assuntos
Hipóxia , Reflexo , Humanos , Hipóxia/fisiopatologia , Animais , Reflexo/fisiologia , Sistema Nervoso Simpático/fisiopatologia , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Hipertensão/fisiopatologia , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiopatologia , Sistema Cardiovascular/fisiopatologia , Sistema Cardiovascular/inervação
19.
J Toxicol Sci ; 49(5): 231-240, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38692910

RESUMO

Drug-induced convulsions are a major challenge to drug development because of the lack of reliable biomarkers. Using machine learning, our previous research indicated the potential use of an index derived from heart rate variability (HRV) analysis in non-human primates as a biomarker for convulsions induced by GABAA receptor antagonists. The present study aimed to explore the application of this methodology to other convulsants and evaluate its specificity by testing non-convulsants that affect the autonomic nervous system. Telemetry-implanted males were administered various convulsants (4-aminopyridine, bupropion, kainic acid, and ranolazine) at different doses. Electrocardiogram data gathered during the pre-dose period were employed as training data, and the convulsive potential was evaluated using HRV and multivariate statistical process control. Our findings show that the Q-statistic-derived convulsive index for 4-aminopyridine increased at doses lower than that of the convulsive dose. Increases were also observed for kainic acid and ranolazine at convulsive doses, whereas bupropion did not change the index up to the highest dose (1/3 of the convulsive dose). When the same analysis was applied to non-convulsants (atropine, atenolol, and clonidine), an increase in the index was noted. Thus, the index elevation appeared to correlate with or even predict alterations in autonomic nerve activity indices, implying that this method might be regarded as a sensitive index to fluctuations within the autonomic nervous system. Despite potential false positives, this methodology offers valuable insights into predicting drug-induced convulsions when the pharmacological profile is used to carefully choose a compound.


Assuntos
4-Aminopiridina , Frequência Cardíaca , Aprendizado de Máquina , Convulsões , Animais , Masculino , Convulsões/induzido quimicamente , Frequência Cardíaca/efeitos dos fármacos , 4-Aminopiridina/efeitos adversos , Ácido Caínico/toxicidade , Convulsivantes/toxicidade , Ranolazina , Bupropiona/toxicidade , Bupropiona/efeitos adversos , Eletrocardiografia/efeitos dos fármacos , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/efeitos dos fármacos , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiopatologia , Telemetria , Biomarcadores
20.
PLoS One ; 19(5): e0301800, 2024.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38696405

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Otolith organ acts complementarily with the autonomic nervous system to maintain blood pressure. However, the effect of blood pressure variability in the autonomic nervous system on otolith organ has not yet been determined. This study aimed to verify the hypothesis that blood pressure variability in the autonomic nervous system affects the recurrence of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), which is the most common disease of the vestibular organs, by using the head-up tilt test (HUTT). METHODS: This study included 432 patients diagnosed with idiopathic BPPV. The follow-up period for all patients was 12 months. Age, sex, hypertension, diabetes and recurrence were analyzed. The HUTT parameters were divided into a group of patients whose average diastolic blood pressure increased in the upright position compared to supine position during the HUTT (DBP1) and a group of patients whose average diastolic blood pressure decreased in the upright position compared to supine position during the HUTT (DBP2). Model selection, general loglinear analysis, and logit loglinear analysis were performed using a hierarchically progressing loglinear analysis. RESULTS: In summary, the group with increased average diastolic blood pressure (DBP1) showed a higher tendency for BPPV recurrence compared to the group with decreased diastolic blood pressure (DBP2) in the upright position during the HUTT, although the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.080). However, in males, the DBP1 group demonstrated a significantly higher recurrence rate of BPPV than the DBP2 group during the HUTT (95% CI, -20.021 to -16.200; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: It is presumed that poor autonomic nervous system response through vestibulosympathetic reflex maintains elevated diastolic blood pressure in the upright position during the HUTT. This variability is assumed to affect the recurrence of BPPV.


Assuntos
Vertigem Posicional Paroxística Benigna , Pressão Sanguínea , Recidiva , Teste da Mesa Inclinada , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Vertigem Posicional Paroxística Benigna/fisiopatologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Idoso , Adulto , Sistema Nervoso Autônomo/fisiopatologia , Diástole/fisiologia , Postura/fisiologia , Decúbito Dorsal/fisiologia
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