Hemodialysis-induced chronodisruption and chronotype distribution in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Changes in circadian rhythms have been observed in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and evidence suggests that these changes can have a negative impact on health. This study aimed to investigate the existence of hemodialysis-induced chronodisruption, the chronotype distribution, and their association with sleep quality and quality of life (QoL). This was a cross-sectional study that enrolled 165 patients (mean age: 51.1 ± 12.5 y, 60.6% male) undergoing hemodialysis from three local units. The following instruments were used: the Morning-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ); a modified version of the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCQT) to estimate hemodialysis-induced chronodisruption (HIC); the Kidney Disease QoL Short Form (KDQOL-SF); the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS); the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and the 10-Cognitive Screener (10-CS). HIC was present in 40.6% of CKD patients. Morning chronotype was prevalent in CKD patients (69%) compared to evening-type (17.1%) and significantly different from a paired sample from the general population (p < 0.001). HIC and chronotype were associated with different domains of QoL but not with sleep quality. This study suggests that there is a HIC and that morning chronotype is associated with CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis, with implications for QoL.

Routine regularity during a global pandemic: Impact on mental health outcomes and influence of chronotype.

Among the public health recommendations for supporting mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic, many strategies had an impact on biological rhythms, like sleep hygiene, physical exercise and healthy eating habits. Considering the known relationship between circadian organization and mental health, our aim was to test the association between behavioral regularity and mental health, and its interaction with chronotype, in a large sample surveyed in Brazil. We collected longitudinal data using online questionnaires that assessed sociodemographic characteristics, behavioral routines, mental health (PHQ-9, GAD-7, WHO-5 scales), and chronotype estimation based on midpoint of sleep on free days - MSF (µMCTQ), in a sample of 1390 participants (81% females). We computed a Routine Regularity Score (RRS) that reflects regularity across four behaviors: sleep, eating, working, exercising. There was a strong negative association between RRS and the severity of anxiety and depressive symptoms (GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scores), which was weaker among participants with late MSF, and a strong positive association with well-being (WHO-5 scores). RRS was a mediator of the MSF-mental health association and a predictor of mental health states. This study provides empirical evidence that maintaining behavioral routines during times of hardship may serve as tools to alleviate the negative impact on mental health.

Eating time variation from weekdays to weekends and its association with dietary intake and BMI in different chronotypes: findings from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017-2018.

Evidence suggests that differences in meal timing between weekends and weekdays can disrupt the body's circadian rhythm, leading to a higher BMI. We aimed to investigate the associations between mealtime variation from weekdays to weekends (eating midpoint jetlag), dietary intake and anthropometric parameters, based on individuals' chronotype. The study utilised data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2018. Food consumption was estimated by weighted average of participants' food intake on weekdays and weekends. Eating midpoint jetlag, defined as the difference between the midpoint of the first and last mealtimes on weekends and weekdays, was calculated. Chronotype was assessed by participants' mid-sleep time on weekends, adjusted for sleep debt. Linear regression analysis was conducted to investigate the associations between variables. The sample was categorised into chronotype tertiles. Among individuals in the third chronotype tertile, there was a positive association between eating midpoint jetlag and BMI (ß = 1·2; 95 % CI (1·13, 1·27)). Individuals in the first tertile showed a positive association between eating midpoint jetlag and energy (ß = 96·9; 95 % CI (92·9, 101·7)), carbohydrate (ß = 11·96; 95 % CI (11·2, 12·6)), fat (ß = 3·69; 95 % CI (3·4, 3·8)), cholesterol (ß = 32·75; 95 % CI (30·9, 34·6)) and sugar (ß = 8·84; 95 % CI (8·3, 9·3)) intake on weekends. Among individuals with an evening tendency, delaying meals on weekends appears to be linked to a higher BMI. Conversely, among individuals with a morning tendency, eating meals later on weekends is associated with higher energetic intake on weekends.

Is evening chronotype associated with higher alcohol consumption? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

A broader understanding of whether and to what extent chronotype should be considered a risk factor for alcohol consumption is needed. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the evidence on the association between evening chronotype and alcohol consumption. A systematic search of observational studies on this association was conducted in the PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and PsycINFO databases up to April 30th, 2023. Random-effect models estimated the pooled odds ratio (OR) of alcohol consumption according to chronotype. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and Quality Assessment tool for Observational Cohorts and Cross-sectional Studies from the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute were followed. A total of 33 studies involving 28 207 individuals (age range: 18-93 years) were included in this review. Overall, most studies indicated a higher volume and frequency of alcohol consumption in evening-type individuals than in individuals with different chronotypes. Additionally, a meta-analysis including 13 studies showed that evening-type individuals were 41% more likely to consume alcohol than those with other chronotypes (OR = 1.41, 95% confidence interval: 1.16-1.66; I2 = 38.0%). Limitations of the present findings are the predominance of cross-sectional studies and varied definitions of alcohol consumption. The available evidence supports an association between the evening chronotype and alcohol consumption. The evening-type population, especially young adults, is a specific target for educational interventions for preventing or reducing alcohol consumption.PROSPERO number: CRD42022343778.

Chronotype delay and sleep disturbances shaped by the Antarctic polar night.

Chronotype is a reliable biomarker for studying the influence of external zeitgebers on circadian entrainment. Assessment of chronotype variation in participants exposed to extreme photoperiods may be useful to investigate how changes in light-dark cycle modulate the circadian system. This study aimed to examine chronotype and sleep changes during a winter campaign at the Argentine Antarctic station Belgrano II. A sample of 82 men who overwintered in Antarctica completed the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire during March (daylight length: 18.6 h), May (daylight length: 2.8 h), July (daylight length: 0 h), September (daylight length: 14.5 h), November (daylight length: 24 h). The main results showed a decrease in sleep duration and a delay in chronotype and social jetlag during the polar night, highlighting the influence of social cues and the impact of the lack of natural light on circadian rhythms.

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders in vulnerable populations: what are the most common body parts affected?

BACKGROUND: Studies investigating vulnerable populations have shown that work-related musculoskeletal disorders have a negative impact on quality of life. However, no study has examined the body regions commonly affected by work-related musculoskeletal disorders in vulnerable populations. OBJECTIVE: To describe the body regions commonly affected by work-related musculoskeletal disorders in vulnerable populations. METHODS: Cross-sectional study. We used the ABEP questionnaire, the World Health Organization Quality of Life, the Nordic Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire, the Perceived Stress Scale, and a self-report questionnaire to determine morning-evening in human circadian rhythms (chronotype assessment). To reduce the possibility of information bias, we provided prior training in the use of the instruments and created an electronic database that was filled out in duplicate (in cases of disagreement, a third researcher was consulted). We tested the normality of the data using the Shapiro-Wilk test. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 132 participants, but there was a sample loss of 41.6% (final sample n = 77). We observed the predominance of those who worked from 6 to 8 h/day, rest of 1 h during the working day, from 1 to 10 years of service and only 1 employment relationship. Regarding the quality of life, we observed a worse result in the domain related to the environment, as well as a stress level of 15.43 (± 7.52) with a maximum of 30. Finally, we observed the presence of pain self-reported by the artisanal fishermen in several regions of the body, lumbar being the most mentioned. CONCLUSION: The neck, shoulders, arms, elbows, forearms, wrists, back, lumbar spine, and lower limbs are the most common parts of the body affected by work-related musculoskeletal disorders in artisanal fishermen.

Chronotype as a predictor of scholar performance in a full-time middle school.

The performance of day-to-day tasks, whether satisfactory or unsatisfactory, varies due to several environmental synchronizers, including the 24-hour light-dark cycle. For instance, human performance on physical and/or cognitive demanding activities reaches its peak during the day when the body temperature is at its circadian peak. Individual differences in the circadian peaks in temperature along with individuals' timing of sleep is referred to as chronotype. Here, we aimed to answer if (a) chronotypes affect the performance of students in a Brazilian full-time school with an early start time and if (b) there are differences in performance based on chronotype. We expected to find (a) a positive effect of the morning chronotype on the students' performance, particularly in subjects that take place in early morning; (b) while a negative effect of the evening chronotype in that same period. To address the effect of the chronotype on the students' scholar performance we build a Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM). Results support the hypothesis that the students' performance is partially attributed to their chronotype. In particular, our findings shows that evening-type students are expected to have an increase of 0.038 (p ≤0.05) log counts on their performance in Portuguese classes compared to other chronotypes. Here we add evidence for the effect that individual chronotypes have on the students' performance in a Brazilian full-time middle school. Distinctive features of the studied Brazilian full-time middle school related to chronotypes are discussed.

Asociación del índice de masa corporal con el cronotipo de docentes universitarios en Colombia / Association of body mass index with chronotype of university teachers in Colombia

Introducción: En la actualidad existen problemas de salud y estilos de vida relacionados con el sobrepeso. Estas afecciones repercuten en la mala calidad de sueño y descanso, por tanto, afectan el rendimiento de las personas. Objetivo: Determinar la influencia del índice de masa corporal en el cronotipo de los docentes de Corporación Universitaria Autónoma del Cauca. Métodos: La investigación se basó en el paradigma cuantitativo. Participaron 77 docentes. Fue utilizado el cuestionario de Horne-Osberg para determinar el cronotipo. Se tomaron mediciones de peso, talla, porcentaje de grasa, perímetro cintura y perímetro cadera. Resultados: La población evaluada se caracterizó por un cronotipo intermedio como madrugador y tendencia al sobrepeso. Conclusión: La incidencia del cronotipo intermedio como madrugador indica que la actividad laboral genera cambios en la relación sueño vigilia. La relación del índice de masa corporal con el cronotipo no fue visible, pero deben continuar las acciones de control y vigilancia epidemiológica(AU)

Introduction: Nowadays, there are health and lifestyle problems related to overweight. These conditions have repercussions on the poor quality of sleep and rest, thus affecting people's performance. Objective: To determine the influence of body mass index on the chronotype of teachers of the Corporación Universitaria Autónoma del Cauca. Methods: The research was based on the quantitative paradigm. Seventy-seven teachers participated. The Horne-Osberg questionnaire was used to determine the chronotype. Measurements of weight, height, fat percentage, waist circumference and hip circumference were taken. Results: The population evaluated was characterized by an intermediate chronotype as early riser and tendency to overweight. Conclusion: The incidence of the intermediate chronotype as an early riser indicates that work activity generates changes in the sleep-wakefulness relationship. The relationship between body mass index and chronotype was not visible, but epidemiological control and surveillance actions should continue(AU)

Role of chronotype in dietary intake, meal timing, and obesity: a systematic review.

CONTEXT: Recent studies show that dietary habits and obesity seem to be influenced by chronotype, which reflects an individual's preference for the timing of sleeping, eating, and activity in a 24-hour period. OBJECTIVE: This review aimed to analyze the association of chronotype with dietary habits, namely energy and macronutrient intakes, meal timing, and eating patterns, as well as with obesity. DATA SOURCES: PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, and Google Scholar databases were searched between 2004 and 2020. Study selection was performed by 2 authors independently; disagreements on eligibility of articles were resolved by a third author. After assessment of 12 060 abstracts, 43 studies (21 articles on obesity; 13 on food consumption, meal timing, and eating patterns; and 9 that addressed both obesity and dietary behavior) were included. DATA EXTRACTION: A standard form was used to extract study design, country, number of participants, method of chronotype determination, and main findings. DATA ANALYSIS: Approximately 95% of included studies showed an association between eveningness and at least 1 unhealthy eating habit. Morningness was associated with regular consumption of fresh and minimally processed foods. In addition, about 47% of studies showed a higher association between late types and obesity. CONCLUSION: Late types are more likely to present unhealthy eating habits, such as eating late at night, skipping breakfast often, and eating processed/ultraprocessed foods, while early types are more likely to have healthy and protective habits, such as eating early and eating predominantly fresh/minimally processed foods. Intermediate types tend to have a pattern of health and eating more similar to early types than to late types. Late types are also more likely to present higher weight and body mass index than early or intermediate types. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42021256078.

Estilos de vida y cronotipo de estudiantes universitarios en Popayán-Colombia / Styles of life and chronotype of university students in Popayán-Colombia

Resumen Introducción: La vida cambiante de los universitarios proporciona modificaciones en sus estilos de vida, esto influye en aspectos de salud, al igual que en la relación entre vigilia y sueño por sus actividades académicas, lo que denota una necesidad de ser estudiada, para orientar acciones de prevención de enfermedades a futuro. Objetivo: Identificar la asociación entre los estilos de vida y el cronotipo de estudiantes universitarios en Popayán-Colombia. Métodos: Estudio cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo correlacional de cohorte transversal, realizado en la ciudad de Popayán-Colombia en una Institución de Educación Superior durante el II periodo de 2017 y I del 2018, con una población de 342 universitarios, quienes cumplieron los criterios de inclusión como estar matriculados durante los periodos establecidos, asistir a las evaluaciones y firmar el consentimiento informado. Mediciones principales: Variables antropométricas (peso y talla corporal, perímetro de cintura), presión arterial, cuestionario de estilos de vida PEPS-I, y cuestionario de Matutinidad-Vespertinidad De Horne y Östberg. Resultados: Se evidenció moderada asociación entre los estilos de vida y el cronotipo de los estudiantes (r=0,593; p=0,000), no obstante, la edad y el sexo son variables claves para asociaciones altas para IMC (r=0,938; p=0,004) y perímetro de cintura (r=0858; p=0,000). Conclusión: Los estilos de vida inciden en el cronotipo de los estudiantes, planteándose la necesidad de generar campañas de prevención como de promoción de la salud en esta población.

Abstract Introduction: The changing life of university students provides changes in their lifestyles, which influences health aspects, as well as the relationship between wakefulness and sleep due to their academic activities, which denotes a need to be studied, to guide actions of Disease prevention in the future. Objective: To identify the association between lifestyles and the chronotype of university students in Popayán-Colombia. Methods: Quantitative descriptive correlational study of a transversal cohort, conducted in the city of Popayán-Colombia in a Higher Education Institution during the II period of 2017 and I of 2018, with a population of 342 university students, who met the inclusion criteria how to be enrolled during the established periods, attend the evaluations and sign the informed consent. Main measurements: Anthropometric variables (body weight and height, waist circumference), blood pressure, PEPS-I lifestyle questionnaire, and Horne Y Östberg Maturity-Vespertinity questionnaire. Results: There was a moderate association between the lifestyles and the chronotype of the students (r = 0.593; p = 0.000), however, age and sex are key variables for high associations for BMI (r = 0.938; p = 0.004) and waist circumference (r = 0858; p = 0.000). Conclusions: The lifestyles affect the chronotype of the students, considering the need to generate prevention campaigns as well as health promotion in this population.