RESUMO
Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is a highly effective molecular diagnostic technique, particularly advantageous for point-of-care (POC) settings. In recent years, LAMP has expanded to include various adaptations such as DARQ-LAMP, QUASR, FLOS-LAMP, displacement probes and molecular beacons. These methods enable multiplex detection of multiple targets in a single reaction, enhancing cost-effectiveness and diagnostic efficiency. Consequently, LAMP has gained significant traction in diagnosing diverse viruses, notably during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, its application for detecting Herpesviridae remains relatively unexplored. This group of viruses is of particular interest due to their latency and potential reactivation, crucial for immunocompromised patients, including organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. This review highlights recent advancements in LAMP for virus diagnosis and explores current research trends and future prospects, emphasizing the detection challenges posed by Herpesviridae.
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Herpesviridae , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular , Técnicas de Amplificação de Ácido Nucleico , Humanos , Herpesviridae/genética , Herpesviridae/isolamento & purificação , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular/métodos , Técnicas de Amplificação de Ácido Nucleico/métodos , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/virologia , Infecções por Herpesviridae/diagnóstico , Infecções por Herpesviridae/virologia , SARS-CoV-2/genética , SARS-CoV-2/isolamento & purificação , Hospedeiro Imunocomprometido , TransplantadosRESUMO
Bivalve mollusks may be affected by numerous infectious diseases, which cause high mortality rates and economic burdens for producers. Another challenge for bivalve aquaculture is the protection of farms from human contamination, such as sewage and stormwater discharges. Ilha Grande Bay (IGB), located in Rio de Janeiro state, is the largest Brazilian producer of scallops (Nodipecten nodosus). This region has recently suffered a mass mortality of mollusks, and several environmental contaminants have been reported in the area. To contribute to the elucidation of scallop collapse and better characterize the human impacts, this study assessed the circulation of mollusk (Ostreid herpesvirus-1 [OsHV-1]) and human (mastadenovirus [HAdV] and norovirus GII) viral pathogens in waters and animals produced at IGB. Neither water nor animals were positive for OsHV-1. However, of the 7 points analyzed, 5 points showed contamination by HAdV or norovirus. HAdV and norovirus were detected in 5.5 and 6.9% of the analyzed water samples, respectively, in concentrations ranging from 2.39 × 103 to 1 × 105 genome copies/L. One scallop sample was positive for norovirus (4.5%). These results demonstrate human contamination in the region, presenting a risk of consumer contamination, and a non-association between OsHV-1 and the mass mortality described in scallops.
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Vírus de DNA , Monitoramento Ambiental , Pectinidae , Animais , Brasil , Pectinidae/virologia , Norovirus/genética , Aquicultura , Humanos , HerpesviridaeRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence and association of HPV and Herpesviruses in saliva and tissue samples of patients with orofacial tumors. METHODS: Biopsies of tumors were done, and saliva samples were collected from patients with orofacial tumors for the determination of viruses using nested multiplex PCR. Independent variables were sex, age, comorbidities, tumor stage, and length of stay. Outcome variables were the presence or absence of herpesviruses and HPV. Descriptive summaries and inferential statistics were done. RESULTS: A hundred patients were included in the study. Prevalence of herpesviruses and HPV were 17.6 % and 57.0 % in tumors, and 48.3 % and 60.0 % in the saliva of patients respectively. Herpesviruses detected included EBV (21.3 %), HHV-7 (11.2 %), CMV (6.7 %), HSV-1 (5.1 %), HSV-2 (1.1 %), VZV (1.1 %), and Kaposi sarcoma virus (0.6 %). The most prevalent HPV genotypes were HPV-42 (29 %), HPV-43 (22.7 %), HPV-52 (22.2 %), HPV-39 (18.8 %), and HPV-18 (9.1 %). The odds of EBV being detected in malignant orofacial tumors were 2 times that of benign orofacial tumors. HPV DNA in the saliva of patients with orofacial tumors was 69.7 %, compared to 18.2 % of the control sample (p < 0.001). The median length of stay for all participants was 6.5 days, those associated with viruses stayed longer. CONCLUSION: There was a high prevalence of Herpesviruses and HPV in saliva and tumor samples of patients with orofacial tumors, signalling some potential for more work to be done in this area.
Assuntos
Herpesviridae , Papillomaviridae , Saliva , Humanos , Feminino , Saliva/virologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Herpesviridae/isolamento & purificação , Herpesviridae/genética , Adulto , Papillomaviridae/isolamento & purificação , Papillomaviridae/genética , Idoso , Biópsia , Adulto Jovem , Infecções por Papillomavirus/virologia , Infecções por Papillomavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Herpesviridae/virologia , Infecções por Herpesviridae/epidemiologia , Prevalência , DNA Viral/análise , Neoplasias Bucais/virologia , Neoplasias Bucais/patologia , Adolescente , Brasil/epidemiologia , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase Multiplex , Papillomavirus HumanoRESUMO
Human Herpesviruses (HHVs) play a significant role in neurological diseases such as encephalitis and meningitis, adding significant morbidity. This study aims to retrospectively analyze the effect of HHVs on patients with neurological symptoms, focusing on the Herpesviridae family's contributions to central nervous system (CNS) infections. METHODS: This retrospective cohort study included 895 patients suspected of viral CNS infections, utilizing molecular diagnosis via qPCR to identify HHVs in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples. This was conducted at a reference tertiary care hospital for infectious diseases in the western Brazilian Amazon from January 2015 to December 2022, focusing on the Herpesviridae family's clinical repercussions and of Cytomegalovirus in CNS infections. RESULTS: The findings revealed that 7.5% of the analyzed samples tested positive for HHVs, with Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) being the most prevalent. A significant association was found between HHVs and neurological diseases such as encephalitis and meningitis, especially among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA), highlighting the opportunistic nature of these viruses. The study underscores the critical role of CSF analysis in diagnosing CNS infections and the complexity of managing these infections in HIV patients due to their immunocompromised status. CONCLUSIONS: The results emphasize the need for comprehensive diagnostic approaches and tailored treatment strategies for CNS infections in immunocompromised individuals. The study calls for ongoing research and advancements in clinical practice to improve patient outcomes facing CNS infections, particularly those caused by HHVs.
Assuntos
Infecções por Herpesviridae , Herpesviridae , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Feminino , Masculino , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Herpesviridae/isolamento & purificação , Herpesviridae/genética , Brasil/epidemiologia , Infecções por Herpesviridae/virologia , Infecções por Herpesviridae/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Adulto Jovem , Adolescente , Infecções do Sistema Nervoso Central/virologia , Infecções do Sistema Nervoso Central/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Infecções do Sistema Nervoso Central/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Citomegalovirus/genética , Citomegalovirus/isolamento & purificação , Idoso , Lactente , Viroses do Sistema Nervoso Central/virologia , Viroses do Sistema Nervoso Central/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Viroses do Sistema Nervoso Central/diagnóstico , Infecções por HIV/virologia , Infecções por HIV/complicações , Infecções por HIV/líquido cefalorraquidianoRESUMO
Pediatric solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients face a challenging balance between immunosuppression and graft rejection. While Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (HCMV) are known contributors to post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease and graft rejection, respectively, the roles of herpesvirus 6 and 7 (HHV6 and HHV7) and the impact of these herpesviruses on cytokine levels remain unclear, leading to gaps in clinical practice. In this associative study, we measured 17 cytokines using a Bio-Plex assay in a meticulously curated plasma sample pool (N = 158) from pediatric kidney and liver transplant recipients over a one-year follow-up period. The samples included virus-negative and virus-positive cases, either individually or in combination, along with episodes of graft rejection. We observed that the elevation of IL-4, IL-8, and IL-10 correlated with graft rejection. These cytokines were elevated in samples where HCMV or HHV6 were detected alone or where EBV and HHV7 were co-detected. Interestingly, latent EBV, when detected independently, exhibited an immunomodulatory effect by downregulating cytokine levels. However, in co-detection scenarios with ß-herpesviruses, EBV transitioned to a lytic state, also associating with heightened cytokinemia and graft rejection. These findings highlight the complex interactions between the immune response and herpesviruses in transplant recipients. The study advocates for enhanced monitoring of not only EBV and HCMV but also HHV6 and HHV7, providing valuable insights for improved risk assessment and targeted interventions in pediatric SOT recipients.
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Citocinas , Citomegalovirus , Rejeição de Enxerto , Herpesvirus Humano 6 , Herpesvirus Humano 7 , Transplante de Rim , Transplante de Fígado , Humanos , Transplante de Rim/efeitos adversos , Citocinas/sangue , Citocinas/metabolismo , Criança , Herpesvirus Humano 6/imunologia , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Transplante de Fígado/efeitos adversos , Citomegalovirus/imunologia , Rejeição de Enxerto/virologia , Rejeição de Enxerto/imunologia , Herpesvirus Humano 4/imunologia , Adolescente , Lactente , Infecções por Herpesviridae/virologia , Infecções por Herpesviridae/imunologia , Transplantados , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/virologia , Infecções por Vírus Epstein-Barr/imunologia , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/virologia , Infecções por Citomegalovirus/imunologia , HerpesviridaeRESUMO
Since the significance of viral infections in children and adolescents with nephrotic syndrome (NS) is yet to be defined, this study intended to estimate the occurrence, pattern, and outcomes of some DNA viral infections in children with NS. METHODS: A prospective study was conducted to determine the genome identification of the viruses Epstein-Barr (EBV), human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6 type A and type B) and 7 (HHV-7), polyomavirus (BKV), and human adenovirus (HAdV) in plasma and urine samples of pediatric patients with NS. RESULTS: A total of 35 patients aged 1 to 18 years with NS and under immunosuppressant drugs participated in the study. Plasma and urine samples were collected at regular intervals during a median follow-up of 266 days (range 133-595), and DNA was analyzed to detect the selected DNA viruses. Eleven patients (31.4%) had active virus infections, and patterns were classified as coinfection, recurrent, and consecutive. Of these, six patients (54.5%) presented viral coinfection, six (54.5%) viral recurrence, and seven patients (63.3%) had viral consecutive infection. Ten of the eleven patients with active infection had a proteinuria relapse (91%) and eight (72.7%) were hospitalized (p = 0.0022). Active HCMV infection was the most frequent infection and was observed in six patients (54.5%), three of the eleven patients (27.2%) had suspected HCMV disease in the gastrointestinal tract, and one had HHV-7 coinfection. The frequency of other infections was: 9% for HHV-6, 45.5% for BKV, 27.3% for HHV-7, 18.2% for EBV, and 18.2% for HAdV. CONCLUSION: viral infections, especially HCMV, can be an important cause of morbidity and nephrotic syndrome relapse in children.
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Vírus BK , Síndrome Nefrótica , Humanos , Síndrome Nefrótica/virologia , Síndrome Nefrótica/complicações , Adolescente , Criança , Masculino , Feminino , Pré-Escolar , Vírus BK/genética , Vírus BK/isolamento & purificação , Lactente , Estudos Prospectivos , DNA Viral/genética , Herpesviridae/genética , Herpesviridae/classificação , Herpesviridae/isolamento & purificação , Coinfecção/virologia , Infecções por Herpesviridae/virologia , Adenoviridae/genética , Adenoviridae/isolamento & purificação , Adenoviridae/classificaçãoRESUMO
Seabirds are one of the most threatened avian groups. Viruses, including herpesvirus, represent considerable threats to marine avifauna. Herein, our goal was to survey herpesvirus in Procellariiformes that stranded in Brazil between June and July 2021. We analyzed 12 Cory's shearwaters (Calonectris borealis), two Great Shearwaters (Ardenna gravis, syn. Puffinus gravis) and one Yellow-nosed Albatross (Thalassarche chlororynchos) found in an unusual mortality event in Bahía state, northeastern Brazil. After necropsy, selected tissue samples were tested for herpesvirus using a broad-range nested PCR. Overall, 20% (3/15) of the birds were herpesvirus-positive, i.e., two Cory's Shearwaters and one Great Shearwater. One alphaherpesvirus sequence type was identified in each shearwater species, classified into the genus Mardivirus. This study describes two likely novel herpesviruses in shearwaters, contributing to the currently very scarce data regarding infectious agents in Procellariiformes. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the presence and characteristics of herpesvirus in Procellariiformes, and the presence (or not) of related disease in order to understand the epidemiology of this infectious agent and eventually contribute to the conservation of this endangered seabird group.
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Doenças das Aves , Aves , Infecções por Herpesviridae , Herpesviridae , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Infecções por Herpesviridae/veterinária , Infecções por Herpesviridae/virologia , Infecções por Herpesviridae/epidemiologia , Doenças das Aves/virologia , Doenças das Aves/epidemiologia , Aves/virologia , Herpesviridae/isolamento & purificação , Herpesviridae/classificação , Herpesviridae/genética , Migração Animal , FilogeniaRESUMO
Otariid gammaherpesvirus 1 (OtGHV1) is associated with high rates of urogenital carcinoma in free-ranging California sea lions (Zalophus californianus; CSL), and until recently was reported only in the Northern Hemisphere. The objective of this study was to survey free-ranging South American sea lions (Otaria byronia; SASL) and South American fur seals (Arctocephalus australis: SAFS) in Punta San Juan, Peru for OtGHV1 and to determine prevalence characteristics. Twenty-one percent (14/67) of urogenital swabs collected over three years (2011, 2014, 2015) from live pinnipeds of both species tested positive with a pan-herpesvirus conventional PCR. Sequencing of SAFS amplicons revealed 100% homology to OtGHV1 at the DNA polymerase, glycoprotein B, and viral bcl2-like genes. Sequencing of SASL amplicons revealed a novel related virus, herein called Otariid gammaherpesvirus 8 (OtGHV8). For comparison of sample sites, urogenital, conjunctival, and oropharyngeal swabs collected from 136 live pinnipeds of both species at Punta San Juan between 2011-2018 were then assayed using quantitative PCR for a segment of the OtGHV1/8 DNA polymerase gene using a qPCR assay now determined to cross-react between the two viruses. In total, across both species, 38.6% (51/132) of urogenital swabs, 5.6% (4/71) of conjunctival swabs, and 1.1% (1/90) of oropharyngeal swabs were positive for OtGHV1/8, with SASL only positive on urogenital swabs. Results from SASL were complicated by the finding of OtGHV8, necessitating further study to determine prevalence of OtGHV1 versus OtGHV8 using an alternate assay. Results from SAFS suggest a potential relationship between OtGHV1 in SAFS and CSL. Though necropsy surveillance in SAFS is very limited, geographic patterns of OtGHV1-associated urogenital carcinoma in CSL and the tendency of herpesviruses to cause more detrimental disease in aberrant hosts suggests that it is possible that SAFS may be the definitive host of OtGHV1, which gives further insight into the diversity and phyogeography of this clade of related gammaherpesviruses.
Assuntos
Caniformia , Carcinoma , Otárias , Gammaherpesvirinae , Herpesviridae , Leões-Marinhos , Animais , Humanos , Prevalência , Gammaherpesvirinae/genética , Peru/epidemiologia , DNA Polimerase Dirigida por DNARESUMO
Virus surveillance in wildlife is important to understanding ecosystem health, taxonomy, and evolution. Nevertheless, viruses in reptiles, and specifically in squamates, continue to be understudied. Herein, we conducted a health assessment on the critically endangered Galapagos pink land iguana (Conolophus marthae) and the vulnerable Galapagos land iguana (Conolophus subcristatus). We collected oral and/or cloacal swabs from 47 clinically healthy iguanas and tested for adenovirus (cloacal swabs, n = 47) and herpesvirus (oral swabs, n = 45) using broad-spectrum PCRs. Two out of 38 (5.3 %) Galapagos pink land iguanas tested positive for herpesvirus, while no herpesvirus was detected in all Galapagos land iguanas (n = 7). Both herpesviral sequences were identical between them and divergent (61.9 % amino acid identity) when compared to the closest herpesvirus sequences available in GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ. The genetic distance between this and other herpesviruses is consistent with its classification as a novel virus species. All iguanas were negative for adenovirus. This is the first description of a herpesvirus in iguanas of the Galapagos islands, and the first report of a potential pathogen for the iconic Galapagos pink land iguana. Further research is needed to understand the implications of this virus in the conservation and management of one of the most endangered iguana species in the world.
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Herpesviridae , Iguanas , Lagartos , Animais , Iguanas/genética , Ecossistema , Herpesviridae/genética , Animais Selvagens , EquadorRESUMO
Hepatic and pulmonary lesions are common in cetaceans, despite their poorly understood viral etiology. Herpesviruses (HV), adenoviruses (AdV) and hepatitis E virus (HEV) are emerging agents in cetaceans, associated with liver and/or pulmonary damage in mammals. We isolated and molecularly tested DNA for HV and AdV (n = 218 individuals; 187 liver and 108 lung samples) and RNA for HEV (n = 147 animals; 147 liver samples) from six cetacean families. All animals stranded or were bycaught in Brazil between 2001 and 2021. Positive-animals were analyzed by histopathology. Statistical analyses assessed if the prevalence of viral infection could be associated with the variables: species, family, habitat, region, sex, and age group. All samples were negative for AdV and HEV. Overall, 8.7% (19/218) of the cetaceans were HV-positive (4.8% [9/187] liver and 11.1% [12/108] lung), without HV-associated lesions. HV-prevalence was statistically significant higher in Pontoporiidae (19.2%, 10/52) when compared to Delphinidae (4.1%, 5/121), and in southeastern (17.1%, 13/76)-the most industrialized Brazilian region-when compared to the northeastern region (2.4%, 3/126). This study broadens the herpesvirus host range in cetaceans, including its description in pygmy sperm whales (Kogia breviceps) and humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae). Further studies must elucidate herpesvirus drivers in cetaceans.
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Infecções por Adenoviridae , Vírus da Hepatite E , Herpesviridae , Jubarte , Humanos , Animais , Brasil/epidemiologia , Adenoviridae/genética , Herpesviridae/genética , Infecções por Adenoviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Adenoviridae/veterinária , Fígado , PulmãoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Severe acute hepatitis (SAH) is defined by a severe inflammation of hepatocytes in the liver parenchyma which can lead to an acute liver failure, a clinical condition with high mortality rate that can be triggered by several factors but is usually associated to hepatotropic viruses' infection. In 2022, cases of children with severe acute hepatitis of unknown origin hospitalized in Glasgow, Scotland, were reported. Possible causes of this condition include, but are not limited to, undiagnosed viral (and non-viral) infections, autoimmune hepatitis, drug and/or chemical toxicity, mitochondrial chain respiratory and metabolic disorders. AREAS COVERED: Herpesviruses can cause severe acute hepatitis, but little is known about the role and the mechanisms of herpesviruses as a causative agent of this type of hepatitis. We review the role of herpesviruses as causative agent of SAH in children and other possible mechanisms involved in this disease. EXPERT OPINION: Differential diagnosis for herpesvirus in SAH should be implemented in all settings. Alternative fluids, such as saliva and dried blood, could be used in the diagnosis to overwhelm the availability of biological specimens at sufficient volume. In the future, genetic studies could also be added to increase the knowledge about severe acute hepatitis in children.
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Hepatite , Herpesviridae , Viroses , Criança , Humanos , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Doença AgudaRESUMO
Herpesvirus is associated with various neurological disorders and a specific diagnosis is associated with a better prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of neurological diseases triggered by herpetic infection. In this review, we discuss miRNAs that have been associated with neurological disorders related to the action of herpesviruses. Human miRNAs and herpesvirus-encoded miRNAs were listed and discussed. This review article will be valuable in stimulating the search for new diagnostic and prognosis alternatives and understanding the role of these miRNAs in neurological diseases triggered by herpesviruses.
Assuntos
Infecções por Herpesviridae , Herpesviridae , MicroRNAs , Humanos , MicroRNAs/genética , RNA Viral , Infecções por Herpesviridae/complicações , Infecções por Herpesviridae/genética , Herpesviridae/genética , Interações Hospedeiro-PatógenoRESUMO
Transmission of herpesvirus between humans and non-human primates represents a serious potential threat to human health and endangered species conservation. This study aimed to identify herpesvirus genomes in samples of neotropical primates (NTPs) in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 242 NTPs, including Callithrix sp., Alouatta sp., Sapajus sp., and Callicebus sp., were evaluated by pan-herpesvirus polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing. Sixty-two (25.6%) samples containing genome segments representative of members of the family Herpesviridae, including 16.1% for Callitrichine gammaherpesvirus 3, 6.1% for Human alphaherpesvirus 1, 2.1% for Alouatta macconnelli cytomegalovirus, and 0.83% for Cebus albifrons lymphocryptovirus 1. No co-infections were detected. The detection of herpesvirus genomes was significantly higher among adult animals (p = 0.033) and those kept under human care (p = 0.008671). These findings confirm the importance of monitoring the occurrence of herpesviruses in NTP populations in epizootic events.
Assuntos
Alouatta , Herpesviridae , Doenças dos Macacos , Animais , Doenças dos Macacos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Macacos/microbiologia , Brasil/epidemiologia , Primatas , Herpesviridae/genéticaRESUMO
Human herpesviruses (HHVs) can establish latency and be reactivated, also are neurotropic viruses that can trigger neurological disorders. HHV-6 is a herpesvirus that is associated with neurological disorders. Studies have reported the detection of HHV-6 in patients with COVID-19 and neurological manifestations. However, specific diagnoses of the neurological disorders caused by these viruses tend to be invasive or difficult to interpret. This study aimed to establish a relationship between miRNA and neurological manifestations in patients co-infected with COVID-19 and HHV-6 and evaluate miRNAs as potential biomarkers. Serum samples from COVID-19 patients in the three cohorts were analyzed. miRNA analysis by real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) revealed miRNAs associated with neuroinflammation were highly expressed in patients with neurological disorders and HHV-6 detection. When compared with the group of patients without detection of HHVs DNA and without neurological alterations, the group with detection of HHV-6 DNA and neurological alteration, displayed significant differences in the expression of mir-21, mir-146a, miR-155 and miR-let-7b (p < 0.01). Our results reinforce the involvement of miRNAs in neurological disorders and provide insights into their use as biomarkers for neurological disorders triggered by HHV-6. Furthermore, understanding the expression of miRNAs may contribute to therapeutic strategies.
Assuntos
COVID-19 , Herpesviridae , Herpesvirus Humano 6 , MicroRNAs , Humanos , Herpesvirus Humano 6/genética , MicroRNAs/genética , SARS-CoV-2/genética , COVID-19/complicações , Herpesviridae/genética , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Biomarcadores , DNA Viral/genéticaRESUMO
We surveyed the presence of herpesvirus, flavivirus, and coronavirus in 20 Magnificent Frigatebirds (Fregata magnificens) from the protected Alcatrazes Island, Alcatrazes archipelago, Brazil. One adult female was positive for herpesvirus (5% occurrence; 95% confidence interval -5.5 to 15.5), whereas none of the samples were PCR-positive for flavivirus or coronavirus. The obtained herpesvirus was highly similar to the one responsible for annual mortality of Magnificent Frigatebird chicks on Grand Connétable Island, French Guiana; however, no episodes of mass mortality have been recorded in the birds from Alcatrazes. Our findings indicate that this virus may be widespread in Magnificent Frigatebirds of the southwestern Atlantic. The observed differences in morbidity and mortality may be the result of basal immunosuppression of the birds from French Guiana related to environmental or nutritional conditions. The Alcatrazes archipelago sustains the largest frigatebird breeding colony of the southern Atlantic; future monitoring studies with larger sampling sizes are needed to further determine the epidemiologic relevance of the detected herpesviruses, as well as other viruses (e.g., flaviviruses, coronaviruses, avian influenza virus), in seabirds of Alcatrazes Island.
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Infecções por Coronavirus , Coronavirus , Flavivirus , Herpesviridae , Animais , Feminino , Brasil/epidemiologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/veterinária , GalinhasRESUMO
Fibropapillomatosis is a debilitating neoplastic disease associated with Chelonid alphaherpesvirus 5 (ChHV5) infection. We detected the Atlantic variant of ChHV5 associated with a fibropapilloma in a green turtle (Chelonia mydas) found stranded on the western coast of Rio de la Plata, Argentina. This is the southernmost registered case for the southwestern Atlantic.
Assuntos
Alphaherpesvirinae , Infecções por Herpesviridae , Herpesviridae , Neoplasias Cutâneas , Tartarugas , Animais , Neoplasias Cutâneas/veterinária , Infecções por Herpesviridae/epidemiologia , Infecções por Herpesviridae/veterináriaRESUMO
Using a metagenomic sequencing approach, we described and compared the diversity and dynamics of the oropharyngeal and fecal eukaryotic virome of nine asymptomatic children in a semi-rural community setting located in the State of Morelos, Mexico. Ninety oropharyngeal swabs and 97 fecal samples were collected starting 2 weeks after birth and monthly thereafter until 12 months of age. In both niches, more than 95% of the total sequence reads were represented by viruses that replicate either in humans or in plants. Regarding human viruses, three families were most abundant and frequent in the oropharynx: Herpesviridae, Picornaviridae, and Reoviridae; in fecal samples, four virus families predominated: Caliciviridae, Picornaviridae, Reoviridae, and Anelloviridae. Both niches showed a high abundance of plant viruses of the family Virgaviridae. Differences in the frequency and abundance of sequence reads and diversity of virus species were observed in both niches and throughout the year of study, with some viruses already present in the first months of life. Our results suggest that the children's virome is dynamic and likely shaped by the environment, feeding, and age. Moreover, composition analysis suggests that the virome composition is mostly individual. Whether this constant exposition to different viruses has a long-term impact on children's health or development remains to be studied.
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Herpesviridae , Picornaviridae , Criança , Humanos , Lactente , Eucariotos , Viroma , Fezes , Orofaringe , Metagenômica/métodosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To characterize the oral shedding of herpes viruses in patients who underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (alloHSCT) and investigate its relationship with clinical outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Polymerase chain reaction and enzymatic digestion were performed to identify the oral shedding of the members of the Herpesviridae family in 31 patients. The samples were collected from the oral cavity at five timestamps. RESULTS: The presence of each herpesvirus in the oral cavity was observed in 3.2%, 12.9%, 19.3%, 32.2%, 54.8% and 93.5% patients for human herpesvirus (HHV)-6A, herpes simplex virus-1, HHV-6B, cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and HHV-7, respectively. Oral shedding of herpes virus was not uncommon after alloHSCT. There was a statistically significant association between the EBV and CMV oral shedding at C1 and the cumulative incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD). The results suggested that the presence of HSV-1 at C2 was related to a relapse. The HHV-7 oral shedding at C2 suggests a possible link between relapse, progression-free survival and overall survival of the patients. CONCLUSIONS: Patients who developed aGVHD showed higher CMV and EBV shedding in the oral cavity at aplasia, suggesting modifications to the pattern of immune cell response and inflammatory microenvironment.
Assuntos
Doença Enxerto-Hospedeiro , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas , Infecções por Herpesviridae , Herpesviridae , Boca , Eliminação de Partículas Virais , Humanos , DNA Viral/análise , Transplante de Células-Tronco Hematopoéticas/efeitos adversos , Herpesviridae/genética , Recidiva , Infecções por Vírus de DNA , Boca/virologiaRESUMO
THE FAMILY TRICHECHIDAE (ORDER SIRENIA) COMPRISES THREE SPECIES: African (Trichechus senegalenses), West Indian (T. manatus), WIM)], and the Amazonian manatees (T. inunguis, AMM). Whereas WIM inhabits both riverine and coastal systems in the western Atlantic, AMM is the only exclusively freshwater sirenian, endemic to the Amazon River Basin. The study of infectious agents is essential to species conservation, especially considering that both species are classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN Red List and as Endangered by the Brazilian Red List. The current knowledge about viral agents in sirenians is scarce. Herpesviruses and adenovirus are DNA viruses able to infect and cause disease in a wide range of hosts. Herein, we used panPCR protocols to survey herpesvirus and adenovirus in blood samples of wild WIM (n = 23) and AMM (n = 26) under human care in Brazil. Herpesvirus DNA was detected in one juvenile female WIM (1/23; 4.3%; 95% CI -4.7 - 13.3) from Ceará state and in four AMM (two juvenile females, a juvenile male, and an adult female; 4/26; 15.4%; 95% CI 0.5 - 30.3) from Amazonas state. The two different gammaherpesvirus DNA polymerase sequence types identified (one per species, a sequence type in a WIM and another one in three AMM) were highly similar (99% nucleotide identity) to Trichechid herpesvirus 1, reported in West Indian manatees of Florida (USA), and 100% identical when translated into amino acids. A herpesviral glycoprotein B sequence was identified in two AMM. None of the samples was positive to adenovirus. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first herpesvirus detection in manatees from South America, expanding the herpesvirus geographical range, and the first in WIM and AMM worldwide. Our findings suggest (i) that West Indian and Amazonian manatees are possibly the natural hosts of the detected herpesvirus, and (ii) coevolution of that gammaherpesvirus with Trichechus. Future studies are necessary to characterize the obtained virus and elucidate potential pathological effects (if any) in these species.
Assuntos
Herpesviridae , Trichechus inunguis , Trichechus manatus , Animais , Humanos , Feminino , Masculino , Trichechus inunguis/genética , Brasil/epidemiologia , Adenoviridae/genética , Trichechus , Herpesviridae/genéticaRESUMO
This article addresses the relationship between human herpesviruses (HHVs) and neuroinfections. Alphaherpesviruses, betaherpesviruses and gammaherpesviruses are neurotropic viruses that establish latency and exhibit reactivation capacity. Encephalitis and meningitis are common in cases of HHV. The condition promoted by HHV infection is a purported trigger for certain neurodegenerative diseases. Ongoing studies have identified an association between HSV-1 and the occurrence of Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis and infections by HHV-6 and Epstein-Barr virus. In this review, we highlight the importance of research investigating the role of herpesviruses in the pathogenesis of diseases that affect the nervous system and describe other studies in progress.