Nephrology and experimental medicine in vivo, in vitro, and in silico.

Experimental medicine has formed the basis for generating medical knowledge for several centuries. The development of various experimental tools introduced at different times in medical practice has allowed the acquisition of knowledge with increasingly sophisticated scientific bases. Consequently, through in vivo, in vitro and, more recently, in silico experiments, we have witnessed an uninterrupted collection of experimental data potentially valuable for medicine, especially for Nephrology. We are gradually contemplating the uniqueness of individuals for the benefit of life and human dignity.

Tuberous Sclerosis Complex and the kidneys: what nephrologists need to know.

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant disease characterized by the development of hamartomas in the central nervous system, heart, skin, lungs, and kidneys and other manifestations including seizures, cortical tubers, radial migration lines, autism and cognitive disability. The disease is associated with pathogenic variants in the TSC1 or TSC2 genes, resulting in the hyperactivation of the mTOR pathway, a key regulator of cell growth and metabolism. Consequently, the hyperactivation of the mTOR pathway leads to abnormal tissue proliferation and the development of solid tumors. Kidney involvement in TSC is characterized by the development of cystic lesions, renal cell carcinoma and renal angiomyolipomas, which may progress and cause pain, bleeding, and loss of kidney function. Over the past years, there has been a notable shift in the therapeutic approach to TSC, particularly in addressing renal manifestations. mTOR inhibitors have emerged as the primary therapeutic option, whereas surgical interventions like nephrectomy and embolization being reserved primarily for complications unresponsive to clinical treatment, such as severe renal hemorrhage. This review focuses on the main clinical characteristics of TSC, the mechanisms underlying kidney involvement, the recent advances in therapy for kidney lesions, and the future perspectives.

Mind the gap in kidney care: translating what we know into what we do.

Historically, it takes an average of 17 years for new treatments to move from clinical evidence to daily practice. Given the highly effective treatments now available to prevent or delay kidney disease onset and progression, this is far too long. Now is the time to narrow the gap between what we know and what we do. Clear guidelines exist for the prevention and management of common risk factors for kidney disease, such as hypertension and diabetes, but only a fraction of people with these conditions are diagnosed worldwide, and even fewer are treated to target. Similarly, the vast majority of people living with kidney disease are unaware of their condition, because it is often silent in the early stages. Even among patients who have been diagnosed, many do not receive appropriate treatment for kidney disease. Considering the serious consequences of kidney disease progression, kidney failure, or death, it is imperative that treatments are initiated early and appropriately. Opportunities to diagnose and treat kidney disease early must be maximized beginning at the primary care level. Many systematic barriers exist, ranging from the patient to the clinician to the health systems to societal factors. To preserve and improve kidney health for everyone everywhere, each of these barriers must be acknowledged so that sustainable solutions are developed and implemented without further delay.

Acute kidney injury: the experience of a tertiary center of Pediatric Nephrology.

INTRODUCTION: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is an abrupt deterioration of kidney function. The incidence of pediatric AKI is increasing worldwide, both in critically and non-critically ill settings. We aimed to characterize the presentation, etiology, evolution, and outcome of AKI in pediatric patients admitted to a tertiary care center. METHODS: We performed a retrospective observational single-center study of patients aged 29 days to 17 years and 365 days admitted to our Pediatric Nephrology Unit from January 2012 to December 2021, with the diagnosis of AKI. AKI severity was categorized according to Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) criteria. The outcomes considered were death or sequelae (proteinuria, hypertension, or changes in renal function at 3 to 6 months follow-up assessments). RESULTS: Forty-six patients with a median age of 13.0 (3.5-15.5) years were included. About half of the patients (n = 24, 52.2%) had an identifiable risk factor for the development of AKI. Thirteen patients (28.3%) were anuric, and all of those were categorized as AKI KDIGO stage 3 (p < 0.001). Almost one quarter (n = 10, 21.7%) of patients required renal replacement therapy. Approximately 60% of patients (n = 26) had at least one sequelae, with proteinuria being the most common (n = 15, 38.5%; median (P25-75) urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio 0.30 (0.27-0.44) mg/mg), followed by reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (n = 11, 27.5%; median (P25-75) GFR 75 (62-83) mL/min/1.73 m2). CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric AKI is associated with substantial morbidity, with potential for proteinuria development and renal function impairment and a relevant impact on long-term prognosis.

Estimated glomerular filtration rate in clinical practice: Consensus positioning of the Brazilian Society of Nephrology (SBN) and Brazilian Society of Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine (SBPC/ML).

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) represents one of today's main public health problems. Serum creatinine measurement and estimation of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) are the main tools for evaluating renal function. There are several equations to estimate GFR, and CKD-EPI equation (Chronic Kidney Disease - Epidemiology) is the most recommended one. There are still some controversies regarding serum creatinine measurement and GFR estimation, since several factors can interfere in this process. An important recent change was the removal of the correction for race from the equations for estimating GFR, which overestimated kidney function, and consequently delayed the implementation of treatments such as dialysis and kidney transplantation. In this consensus document from the Brazilian Societies of Nephrology and Clinical Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, the main concepts related to the assessment of renal function are reviewed, as well as possible existing controversies and recommendations for estimating GFR in clinical practice.

Enfermedad oncoproliferativa en el receptor de trasplante renal. Nuestra experiencia / Oncoproliferative diseases in kidney transplant recipients. Our experience

Introducción: El cáncer conlleva a una mortalidad de hasta 12 % en los pacientes trasplantados, y se considera la tercera causa de morbilidad y mortalidad en los receptores, al ser estos susceptibles a desarrollar enfermedades oncoproliferativas, a largo plazo. Objetivo: Describir la incidencia de neoplasias en receptores de trasplante renal. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo y longitudinal que incluyó 15 receptores de trasplante renal funcionante, con diagnóstico de neoplasias malignas en diferentes localizaciones en el período comprendido entre enero de 2017 y junio de 2023 en el servicio de Nefrología del Hospital Universitario Clínico-Quirúrgico «Arnaldo Milián Castro» de Santa Clara, Villa Clara. Resultados: Predominaron los hombres y el color de piel blanca: 53,3 % y 73,3% respectivamente, con tiempo postrasplante superior a tres años en 12 pacientes (80 %). El antecedente de exposición al citomegalovirus representó el 80 %; la infección bacteriana de la vía respiratoria y digestiva fue la más frecuente. Conclusiones: La neoplasia intraepitelial cervicouterina, la de colon con metástasis hepática y las cerebrales resultaron las más frecuentes, y fueron tratadas con cirugía, quimioterapias o ambas, según los criterios quirúrgicos en cada caso; no obstante, la mortalidad fue elevada. La estirpe neoplásica preponderante fue la neoplasia intraepitelial cervical en un 26,6 %. La mortalidad fue alta y la supervivencia fue menor en el sexo masculino, sin rebasar los dos años posteriores al diagnóstico.

Introduction: cancer entails a mortality of up to 12 % in transplanted patients and is considered the third leading cause of morbidity and mortality in recipients who are susceptible to develop oncoproliferative diseases in the long term. Objective: to describe the incidence of neoplasms in renal transplant recipients. Methods: we carried out a descriptive and longitudinal study including 15 functioning renal transplant recipients who were diagnosed with malignant neoplasms in different locations in the Nephrology service at "Arnaldo Milián Castro" Clinical and Surgical University Hospital in Santa Clara, Villa Clara between January 2017 and June 2023. Results: males and white skin color predominated: 53.3 % and 73.3% respectively, with post-transplant time greater than three years in 12 patients (80 %). The history of cytomegalovirus exposure represented 80 %; bacterial infection of the respiratory and digestive tracts was the most frequent. Conclusions: cervicouterine intraepithelial neoplasia, colon cancer with liver and brain metastases were the most frequent and treated with surgery chemotherapies or both according to the surgical criteria in each case; however, mortality was elevated. Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia predominated in a 26.6 %. Mortality was high and survival was lower in males, without exceeding two years after the diagnosis.

Points of view in nephrology: personalized management of IgA nephropathy, beyond KDIGO.

IgA nephropathy is the most common primary glomerulonephritis worldwide, and an important cause of kidney failure, as 20-40% of patients progress to renal replacement therapy 20-30 years after diagnosis. Its clinical presentation ranges from isolated microscopic hematuria to nephrotic syndrome, and even to a rapidly progressive course. Ethnicity and epigenetics play a key role in its clinical aggressiveness. Selection of patients at risk needing immunosuppressive treatment is a challenge for the nephrologist. Some active and chronic kidney lesions detected on kidney biopsy have been demonstrated to have prognostic value according to the Oxford Classification of IgA nephropathy, later validated by numerous studies. However, KDIGO 2021 guidelines still consider persistent proteinuria > 1 g/24 h to be the most relevant risk factor for the progression of IgA nephropathy and the only one requiring immunosuppressive treatment. KDIGO guidelines have proposed a therapeutic algorithm, but many patients present peculiar characteristics that are not addressed by the current guidelines, pointing to the need for alternative approaches. In these cases, a tailored approach to each patient should be followed in which clinical, histological, laboratory, social and ethical aspects must be considered. In this manuscript we present three cases of IgA nephropathy from different countries, highlighting many of the aspects encountered in clinical practice that illustrate an individualized approach to the treatment of these patients.

Blood Pressure Outcomes in NICU-Admitted Infants with Neonatal Hypertension: A Pediatric Nephrology Research Consortium Study.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the blood pressure outcomes of infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) with idiopathic (nonsecondary) hypertension (HTN) who were discharged on antihypertensive therapy. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective, multicenter study of 14 centers within the Pediatric Nephrology Research Consortium. We included all infants with a diagnosis of idiopathic HTN discharged from the NICU on antihypertensive treatment. The primary outcome was time to discontinuation of antihypertensive therapy, grouped into (≤6 months, >6 months to 1 year, and >1 year). Comparisons between groups were made with χ2 tests, Fisher's exact tests, and ANOVA. RESULTS: Data from 118 infants (66% male) were included. Calcium channel blockers were the most prescribed class of antihypertensives (56%) in the cohort. The percentages remaining on antihypertensives after NICU discharge were 60% at 6 months, 26% at 1 year, and 7% at 2 years. Antenatal steroid treatment was associated with decreased likelihood of antihypertensive therapy >1 year after discharge. CONCLUSIONS: This multicenter study reports that most infants admitted to the NICU diagnosed with idiopathic HTN will discontinue antihypertensive treatment by 2 years after NICU discharge. These data provide important insights into the outcome of neonatal HTN, but should be confirmed prospectively.

Divide et Vinces, Therapeutic Apheresis in Nephrological Clinical Practice.

Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) or plasmapheresis has been used in various life-threatening diseases as a primary treatment or in combination with other therapies. It was first successfully employed in the 1960s for diseases like Waldenström's disease and myeloma. Since then, TPE techniques using apheresis membranes have been introduced. Apheresis therapies separate plasma components from blood using membrane screening or centrifugation methods. TPE aims to remove substances involved in the pathophysiology of diseases. It selectively removes high-molecular-weight molecules, substances with prolonged half-life, and those associated with disease pathogenesis. TPE can be performed using membranes or centrifugation, with replacement of extracted plasma volume using albumin or fresh frozen plasma. TPE requires specific competencies in nephrology and can be prescribed and monitored by nephrologists and performed by dialysis nursing staff. TPE can be combined with adsorption-based therapies to enhance its effect, and this approach is called plasma filtration adsorption. Another variation is double plasma filtration, which selectively removes substances based on molecular size. TPE can also be combined with lipoprotein removal strategies for managing familial hypercholesterolemia. TPE is an affordable extracorporeal therapy that benefits patients with life-threatening diseases. It requires collaboration between nephrologists and other specialists, and our results demonstrate successful TPE without anticoagulation in general hospitalization or outpatient settings.

Terapia ocupacional no contexto da nefrologia: revisão narrativa / Occupational therapy in the nephrology context: narrative review / Terapia ocupacional en el contexto de la nefrología: una revisión narrativa

Introdução: A doença renal crônica apresenta muitas limitações, interferindo diretamente na participação das atividades cotidianas do indivíduo. Objetivo: Revisar de forma narrativa estudos sobre terapia ocupacional no contexto da nefrologia, levantando dados e registros em periódicos de intervenções e ações pontuais de profissionais dessa área. Métodos: revisão narrativa nos principais periódicos da Terapia Ocupacional no Brasil: Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional, Revista de Terapia Ocupacional da Universidade de São Paulo, Revista Interinstitucional Brasileira de Terapia Ocupacional e Revista Baiana de Terapia Ocupacional. Resultados/Discussão: Amostra final composta por 11 artigos, com intervenções, em sua maioria, na hemodiálise; presença de metodologia quantitativa, com abordagem sobre qualidade de vida e proposta de estruturação do serviço no contexto da nefrologia. Conclusão: Foram observadas as diversas formas de inserção da Terapia Ocupacional no contexto da nefrologia, perpassando espaços da hemodiálise e do transplante renal, sempre acompanhado com o olhar holístico. (AU)

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease presents many limitations, directly interfering in an individual's daily activities. Objective: Narratively review studies on occupational therapy in the context of nephrology, collecting data and records in intervention journals and specific actions by professionals in this area. Methods: narrative review in the main journals of Occupational Therapy in Brazil: Brazilian Notebooks of Occupational Therapy (Cadernos Brasileiros de Terapia Ocupacional), University of São Paulo's Journal of Occupational Therapy (Revista de Terapia Ocupacional da Universidade de São Paulo), Brazilian Interinstitutional Journal of Occupational Therapy (Revista Interinstitucional Brasileira de Terapia Ocupacional), Bahia's Journal of Occupational Therapy (Revista Baiana de Terapia Ocupacional). Results/Discussion: A final sample consisting of 11 articles about interventions, mostly, on hemodialysis; presence of quantitative methodology, addressing quality of life and proposing a service structure in the context of nephrology. Conclusion: It was possible to observe in this study different forms of Occupational Therapy insertion in the context of nephrology, going through hemodialysis and kidney transplant spaces, always accompanied by a holistic view. (AU)

Introducción: la enfermedad renal crónica tiene limitaciones limitadas, que interfieren directamente con las actividades diarias del individuo. Objetivo: Revisar narrativamente estudios sobre terapia ocupacional en el contexto de la nefrología, recopilando datos y registros en intervenciones periódicas y acciones específicas de profesionales en esta área. Métodos: revisión narrativa de las principales revistas de Terapia Ocupacional en Brasil: Cuadernos Brasileños de Terapia Ocupacional, Revista de Terapia Ocupacional de la Universidad de São Paulo, Revista Interinstitucional de Terapia Ocupacional, Revista Baiana de Terapia Ocupacional. Resultados/Discusión: El discurso final consta de 11 artículos, con intervenciones, principalmente en hemodiálisis; presencia de metodología cuantitativa, abordando la calidad de vida y proponiendo una estructura del servicio en el contexto de la nefrología. Conclusión: fue posible observar en este estudio las diferentes formas de inserción de la terapia ocupacional en el contexto de la nefrología, pasando por espacios de hemodiálisis y trasplante de riñón, siempre acompañado de una visión holística. (AU)

Acute Kidney Injury: Gaps and Opportunities for Knowledge and Growth.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs frequently in hospitalized patients, regardless of age or prior medical history. Increasing awareness of the epidemiologic problem of AKI has directly led to increased study of global recognition, diagnostic tools, both reactive and proactive management, and analysis of long-term sequelae. Many gaps remain, however, and in this article we highlight opportunities to add significantly to the increasing bodies of evidence surrounding AKI. Practical considerations related to initiation, prescription, anticoagulation, and monitoring are discussed. In addition, the importance of AKI follow-up evaluation, particularly for those surviving the receipt of renal replacement therapy, is highlighted as a push for global equity in the realm of critical care nephrology is broached. Addressing these gaps presents an opportunity to impact patient care directly and improve patient outcomes.

International practice patterns of dyslipidemia management in patients with chronic kidney disease under nephrology care: is it time to review guideline recommendations?

BACKGROUND: In contrast to guidelines related to lipid therapy in other areas, 2012 Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines recommend conducting a lipid profile upon diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and treating all patients older than 50 years without defining a target for lipid levels. We evaluated multinational practice patterns for lipid management in patients with advanced CKD under nephrology care. METHODS: We analyzed lipid-lowering therapy (LLT), LDL- cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, and nephrologist-specified LDL-C goal upper limits in adult patients with eGFR < 60 ml/min from nephrology clinics in Brazil, France, Germany, and the United States (2014-2019). Models were adjusted for CKD stage, country, cardiovascular risk indicators, sex, and age. RESULTS: LLT treatment differed significantly by country, from 51% in Germany to 61% in the US and France (p = 0.002) for statin monotherapy. For ezetimibe with or without statins, the prevalence was 0.3% in Brazil to 9% in France (< 0.001). Compared with patients not taking lipid-lowering therapy, LDL-C was lower among treated patients (p < 0.0001) and differed significantly by country (p < 0.0001). At the patient level, the LDL-C levels and statin prescription did not vary significantly by CKD stage (p = 0.09 LDL-C and p = 0.24 statin use). Between 7-23% of untreated patients in each country had LDL-C ≥ 160 mg/dL. Only 7-17% of nephrologists believed that LDL-C should be < 70 mg/dL. CONCLUSION: There is substantial variation in practice patterns regarding LLT across countries but not across CKD stages. Treated patients appear to benefit from LDL-C lowering, yet a significant proportion of hyperlipidemia patients under nephrologist care are not receiving treatment.

Hemolytic-uremic syndrome: 24 years' experience of a pediatric nephrology unit.

INTRODUCTION: A better understanding of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) pathophysiology significantly changed its treatment and prognosis. The aim of this study is to characterize the clinical features, severity, management, and outcomes of HUS patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Retrospective study of HUS patients admitted to a Pediatric Nephrology Unit between 1996 and 2020. Demographic and clinical data regarding etiology, severity, treatment strategies, and patient outcome were collected. RESULTS: Twenty-nine patients with HUS were admitted to our unit, but four were excluded. Median age at diagnosis was two years (2 months - 17 years). Clinical manifestations included diarrhea, vomiting, oliguria, hypertension, and fever. During the acute phase, 14 patients (56%) required renal replacement therapy. Infectious etiology was identified in seven patients (five Escherichia coli and two Streptococcus pneumoniae). Since 2015, 2/7 patients were diagnosed with complement pathway dysregulation HUS and there were no cases of infectious etiology detected. Six of these patients received eculizumab. The global median follow-up was 6.5 years [3 months-19.8 years]. One patient died, seven had chronic kidney disease, four of whom underwent kidney transplantation, one relapsed, and seven had no sequelae. CONCLUSION: These results reflect the lack of infectious outbreaks in Portugal and the improvement on etiological identification since genetic testing was introduced. The majority of patients developed sequels and mortality was similar to that of other countries. HUS patients should be managed in centers with intensive care and pediatric nephrology with capacity for diagnosis, etiological investigation, and adequate treatment. Long-term follow-up is essential.

Hemodiálise veterinária: considerações do colégio brasileiro de nefrologia e urologia veterinárias / Veterinary hemodialysis: considerations of the brazilian college of veterinary nephrology and urology / Hemodiálisis veterinaria: consideraciones del colegio brasileño de nefrología y urología veterinaria

Sendo parte integrante do arsenal de opções terapêuticas na nefrologia veterinária, a hemodiálise aplicada aos animais se popularizou e avançou consideravelmente nos últimos anos, não só no mundo como no Brasil. Neste contexto, visando apresentar as características principais da hemodiálise,o Colégio Brasileiro de Nefrologia e Urologia Veterinárias (CBNUV), em nome da sua subcomissão de Técnicas Dialíticas, traz, neste documento, as informações necessárias para embasar os conhecimentos sobre o tema.(AU)

Being an integral part of the arsenal of therapeutic options in veterinary nephrology, hemodialysis applied to animals has become popular and has advanced considerably in recent years, not only in the world but in Brazil. In this context, intending to present the main characteristics of hemodialysis, the Colégio Brasileiro de Nephrologiae Urologia Veterinárias (CBNUV), on behalf of its subcommittee on Dialytic Techniques, brings, in this document, the necessary information to base knowledge on the subject.(AU)

Siendo parte integral del arsenal de opciones terapéuticas en nefrología veterinaria, la hemodiálisis aplicada a animales se popularizó y avanzó considerablemente en los últimos años, no solo en el mundo sino también en Brasil. En ese contexto, con el fin de presentar las principales características de la hemodiálisis, el Colégio Brasileiro de Nephrologia e Urologia Veterinárias (CBNUV), en representación de su subcomité de Técnicas Dialíticas, trae, en este documento, las informaciones necesarias para fundamentar el conocimiento sobre el tema.(AU)

Kidney Pathology Education for Nephrology Fellows: Past, Present, and Future.

Kidney pathology education is a critical component in training of nephrology fellows, as well as for continuing medical education for practicing nephrologists. Kidney pathology images are included on nephrology fellow board exams, and clinicopathologic correlation of kidney biopsy findings is critical in everyday clinical practice. Nephropathology training is a requirement by the American College of Graduate Medical Education within nephrology fellowship curricula. However, greater than one-third of fellowship program directors believe that nephropathology training for their fellows is not sufficient. During the Coronavirus Disease-19 pandemic, the use of digital learning has become commonplace with virtual conferences (local, national, and international) and online meetings becoming the norm for education. Nephrology has become a leader in free open-access online medical education, both prior to and, to even a greater extent, during the pandemic. Here, we review available resources to nephrology fellows and other learners to supplement nephropathology training, which includes medical blogs, journal clubs, interactive quizzes and games, online conferences, podcasts, and mentorship opportunities. These resources are archived and provide durable content to learners of all stages of training, even beyond the pandemic.

Avaliação da qualidade de vida de pacientes renais crônicos submetidos à hemodiálise ­ casos da Santa Casa de Caridade de Diamantina / Quality of life assessment of chronic kidney patients undegoing hemodialysis ­ Cases of Santa Casa in caridade / Evaluación de la calidad de vida de los pacientes con insuficiencia renal crónica sometidos a hemodiálisis - casos de la Santa Casa de Caridade de Diamantina

Contexto: A doença renal crônica representa um sério problema de saúde pública, devido aos crescentes índices de morbimortalidade, e que associado à rotina de sessões de hemodiálise, promove alterações na qualidade de vida dos indivíduos com esta condição. Objetivo: Avaliar os fatores relacionados à qualidade de vida de pacientes renais crônicos em tratamento hemodialítico. Desenho e local: Estudo transversal, quantitativo, composto por 52 pacientes em hemodiálise no hospital Santa Casa de Caridade de Diamantina, Diamantina (MG), em 2017. Métodos: Foram utilizados dois questionários: socioeconômico-demográfico e o instrumento Kidney Disease and Quality of life Short Form. Os dados referentes à qualidade de vida foram analisados pelo programa elaborado e disponibilizado pelo Working Group. Resultados: Como fatores relacionados à baixa qualidade de vida foram encontrados: situação ocupacional (33,65 ± 26,71), peso da doença renal (49,28 ± 21,58), funcionamento físico (53,37 ± 22,39), saúde geral (54,71 ± 27,19) e função emocional (58,97 ± 26,23); em relação à boa qualidade de vida foram encontrados: função sexual (80,17 ± 22,46), função cognitiva (80,26 ± 35,32), satisfação do paciente (83,33 ± 20,51) e estímulo por parte da equipe de diálise (91,59 ± 29,17). Discussão: Por comparação aos trabalhos realizados em Goiânia (2006), Indaiatuba (2009), Mogi das Cruzes (2014) e ao presente estudo (2017) verificaram escores semelhantes na maioria das dimensões avaliadas, a exemplo das funções social e satisfação do paciente. Conclusão: A qualidade de vida apresentou-se como boa na maioria das dimensões avaliadas, entretanto, os fatores determinantes da baixa qualidade de vida reforçam a ideia da implementação de estratégias da equipe de saúde para melhorar a expectativa de vida desses pacientes.

Chronic kidney disease represents a serious public health problem, due to the increasing rates of morbidity and mortality, which, associated with the routine of hemodialysis sessions, promotes changes in the quality of life of individuals with this condition. Objective: To evaluate factors related to the quality of life of chronic renal patients undergoing hemodialysis. Design and location: Cross-sectional, quantitative study, composed of 52 hemodialysis patients at the Santa Casa de Caridade hospital in Diamantina, Diamantina (MG), in 2017. Methods: Two questionnaires were used: socioeconomic-demographic and the Kidney Disease and Quality of instrument life Short Form. Data on quality of life were analyzed using the program developed and made available by the Working Group. Results: As factors related to low quality of life were found: occupational situation (33.65 ± 26.71), weight of kidney disease (49.28 ± 21.58), physical functioning (53.37 ± 22.39), general health (54.71 ± 27.19) and emotional function (58.97 ± 26.23); in relation to good quality of life, sexual function (80.17 ± 22.46), cognitive function (80.26 ± 35.32), patient satisfaction (83.33 ± 20.51) and stimulation on the part were found of the dialysis team (91.59 ± 29.17). Discussion: Comparing the studies carried out in Goiânia (2006), Indaiatuba (2009), Mogi das Cruzes (2014) and the present study (2017) found similar scores in most of the dimensions evaluated, such as social functions and patient satisfaction. Conclusion: Quality of life was shown to be good in most of the dimensions evaluated, however, the determinants of low quality of life reinforce the idea of implementing health team strategies to improve the life expectancy of these patients.

Antecedentes: La enfermedad renal crónica representa un grave problema de salud pública, debido a las crecientes tasas de morbilidad y mortalidad, y la asociada a la rutina de sesiones de hemodiálisis, promueve cambios en la calidad de vida de los individuos con esta condición. Objetivo: Evaluar los factores relacionados con la calidad de vida de los pacientes renales crónicos en tratamiento hemodialítico. Diseño y entorno: Estudio transversal, cuantitativo, compuesto por 52 pacientes en hemodiálisis en el hospital Santa Casa de Caridade de Diamantina, Diamantina (MG), en 2017. Métodos: Se utilizaron dos cuestionarios: socioeconómico-demográfico y el instrumento Kidney Disease and Quality of life Short Form. Los datos relativos a la calidad de vida fueron analizados por el programa preparado y puesto a disposición por el Grupo de Trabajo. Resultados: Como factores relacionados con la baja calidad de vida se encontraron: la situación laboral (33,65 ± 26,71), la carga de la enfermedad renal (49,28 ± 21,58), el funcionamiento físico (53,37 ± 22,39), la salud general (54,71 ± 27,19) y la función emocional (58,97 ± 26,23); en relación con la buena calidad de vida se encontraron: la función sexual (80,17 ± 22,46), la función cognitiva (80,26 ± 35,32), la satisfacción del paciente (83,33 ± 20,51) y el estímulo del equipo de diálisis (91,59 ± 29,17). Discusión: En comparación con los estudios realizados en Goiânia (2006), Indaiatuba (2009), Mogi das Cruzes (2014) y el presente estudio (2017) se encontraron puntuaciones similares en la mayoría de las dimensiones evaluadas, como las funciones sociales y la satisfacción del paciente. Conclusión: La calidad de vida se presentó como buena en la mayoría de las dimensiones evaluadas, mientras que los factores determinantes de la baja calidad de vida refuerzan la idea de la implementación de estrategias del equipo de salud para mejorar las expectativas de vida de los pacientes.

Enfermedad renal crónica en los países andinos / Chronic kidney disease in the Andean countries

La presente publicación aborda de manera integral la atención de la salud renal. Para ello, ha desarrollado un plan estratégico para la atención integral de los pacientes con insuficiencia renal, de constitución transdisciplinaria y centrado en planes de acción clasificados en cinco temas: Monitor, Diálisis, Recursos, Trasplante y Manejo conservador del riñón