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Bulk-fill, monochromatic, and ORMOCER composites were introduced in restorative dentistry with the aim of reducing clinical time and/or alleviating contraction stresses at the interface between the tooth and restoration. While the conversion and immediate properties of these materials are comparable to conventional composites, studies evaluating their long-term properties and the structure of the polymer matrix are lacking. The objective of this study was to evaluate the degree of conversion and, indirectly, the crosslink density of conventional, bulk-fill, monochromatic, and ORMOCER resin composites. The degree of conversion was measured using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Flexural strength, elastic modulus, and hardness were measured both dry (24 h) and after ethanol storage (24 h) using three-point bending and Knoop microhardness testing, respectively. Sorption and solubility were determined by changes in mass before and after immersion in water and drying. Data were analyzed using one-way or two-way ANOVA (material or material/storage conditions). The degree of conversion was statistically similar across all materials. For composites from the same manufacturer, no significant differences were observed in the reduction of mechanical properties after ethanol storage between bulk-fill and monochromatic composites, although differences were noted for the ORMOCER material. Sorption and solubility varied among most composites from the same manufacturer, suggesting subtle differences in composition. Therefore, it can be concluded that, for composites from the same manufacturer, the degree of crosslinking was similar between bulk-fill and monochromatic composites, indicating comparable polymeric structures. The same was not observed for the ORMOCER material, although it exhibits properties similar to other conventional composites.

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This study assessed the mechanical properties of the Only One File Blue and the Reciproc Blue instruments. A total of 80 new 25 mm reciprocating NiTi instruments (25/.08v) were evaluated for their mechanical performance (n = 40 per group). Cyclic fatigue resistance, torsional fatigue, flexural resistance and buckling resistance tests were conducted. Statistical analysis was employed with a significance level set at 5%. The results indicated no statistically significant differences in resistance to cyclic fatigue neither in the fragment length between the instruments (p > 0.05). However, the Reciproc Blue instrument exhibited greater torque to fracture and a larger rotation angle than the Only One File Blue instrument (p < 0.05). The Only One File Blue instrument demonstrated higher flexibility but lower resistance to buckling compared to the Reciproc Blue instrument (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the tested instruments exhibit differences in mechanical properties, with the Reciproc Blue instrument generally presenting greater advantages than the Only One File Blue.

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CONTEXTO: Sentar-se por muito tempo e um estilo de vida sedentário podem resultar em encurtamento dos isquiotibiais. Um declínio na atividade física regular pode levar a uma diminuição da flexibilidade do músculo em um adulto mais jovem. Aumentar a flexibilidade dos músculos isquiotibiais pode diminuir as possibilidades de lesões e prevenir a dor lombar. A aplicação da terapia a laser de alta intensidade (TLAI) tem demonstrado inúmeros benefícios para diversas condições. No entanto, até o momento, não hápesquisas publicadassobre a eficácia dessaterapia para melhorar o comprimento dos músculos isquiotibiais em adultos jovens saudáveis. Este artigo descreve o protocolo de estudo para investigar os benefícios do TLAI no tratamento da rigidez muscular dos isquiotibiais em adultos jovens. MÉTODOS: 136 indivíduos jovens saudáveis serão recrutados, pelo método de amostragem intencional, para participar de um estudo randomizado, simplescego e controlado por simulação. Os participantes recrutados serão divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos, o grupo TLAIativo e o grupo TLAI placebo. A duração do tratamento será de 8 a 10 minutos por sessão em ambos os membros inferiores, em dias alternados, durante duas semanas. O teste de extensão ativa do joelho e o teste de sentar e tocar são as medidas de resultado que serão registradas na linha de base, no final do período pós-intervenção de 2 semanas. O valor de p ≤0,05 será considerado estatisticamente significativo. DISCUSSÃO: Os resultados do estudo fornecerão os dados para determinar se aTLAI seria uma futura intervenção não farmacológica não invasiva para reduzir a tensão muscular dos isquiotibiais em adultos jovens. REGISTRO DE ENSAIO: Registro de Ensaios Clínicos NCT05077761.

BACKGROUND: Prolonged sitting and a sedentary lifestyle may result in hamstring shortness. A decline in regular physical activity could lead to a decrease in the flexibility of the muscle in a younger adult. Increasing hamstring muscle flexibility could decrease the possibility of injuries and prevent low back pain. The application of high-intensity laser therapy (HILT) has proved to be innumerable benefits for many conditions. However, to date, no published research is available on the effectiveness of this therapy in improving hamstring muscle length in healthy young adults. This article describes the study protocol for investigating the benefits of HILT in treating hamstring muscle tightness among young adults. METHODS: 136 healthy young individuals will be recruited, by purposive sampling method, to participate in a randomized, single-blinded, sham-controlled study. Recruited participants will be randomly divided into two groups, the active HILT group, and the sham HILT group. The treatment duration will be 8-10 minutes per session, on both lower limbs, for alternate days a week, for two weeks. The active knee extension test and sit-toe and touch test are the outcome measures that will be recorded at baseline, end of the 2-week post-intervention period. The p-value ≤0.05 will be considered statistically significant. DISCUSSION: The study findings will provide the data to determine whether HILT would be a future non-pharmacological non-invasive intervention to reduce hamstring muscle tightness among young adults. TRIAL REGISTRY: Clinical Trials Registry NCT05077761.

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ABSTRACT The study aimed to determine the lived experiences of physical education teachers in online teaching during the pandemic. This study is qualitative in nature, utilizing phenomenological research design to identify the experiences of physical educators teaching online. The participants in the study consisted of four physical education teachers from two private schools, who are experienced in teaching PE in an online class environment. A semi-structured interview was conducted with an open-ended questionnaire. Transcribing, coding, and thematic analysis were used to analyze the data. From the analysis, themes emerged based on the experiences encountered by PE teachers in teaching online in terms of positive experiences, problems encountered, and solutions taken in dealing with problems or difficulties in online teaching. The findings of the study showed that PE teachers had expressed their lived experiences in teaching PE online, with benefits and problems encountered, as well as solutions and best teaching practices during the COVID-19 pandemic.

RESUMO O estudo teve como objetivo conhecer as experiências vividas por professores de educação física no ensino online durante a pandemia. Este estudo é de natureza qualitativa, utilizando desenho de pesquisa fenomenológica para identificar as experiências de educadores físicos ensinando online. Os participantes do estudo foram quatro professores de educação física de duas escolas particulares, com experiência no ensino de EF em ambiente de aula online. Foi realizada uma entrevista semiestruturada com questionário aberto. Para análise dos dados foram utilizadas transcrição, codificação e análise temática. Da análise, surgiram temas baseados nas experiências encontradas pelos professores de EF no ensino online em termos de experiências positivas, problemas encontrados e soluções tomadas ao lidar com problemas ou dificuldades no ensino online. As conclusões do estudo mostraram que os professores de EF expressaram as suas experiências vividas no ensino de EF online, com os benefícios e problemas encontrados, bem como as soluções e melhores práticas de ensino durante a pandemia da COVID-19.

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Trata-se de estudo quantitativo correlacional com objetivo de testar um modelo em que Bem-Estar no Trabalho (BET) é explicado pelas Condições Favoráveis e Desfavoráveis para a Criatividade no Ambiente de Trabalho de psicólogos que trabalham nos Centros de Referência Especializado de Assistência Social de Minas Gerais. Após a aprovação do Comitê de Ética, contatos dos centros foram localizados via arquivo público digital. O convite foi enviado por e-mail com o link de acesso ao Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido; Questionário com Dados Demográficos e Funcionais; Escala de Bem-estar no Trabalho; e Indicadores de Condições para Criar no Ambiente de Trabalho. A medida de BET contempla Afeto Positivo, Afeto Negativo e Realização Pessoal e Profissional; enquanto há seis Condições Favoráveis e três Desfavoráveis à Criatividade no Trabalho. As escalas multidimensionais apresentam evidências de validade e resposta Likert de cinco pontos. Os dados foram analisados a partir de estatísticas descritivas e inferenciais, regressão múltipla padrão para teste do modelo e Alfa de Cronbach para verificação da fidedignidade das escalas. A amostra de conveniência contou com 145 psicólogos, majoritariamente mulheres (n=125), com pós-graduação lato senso (n=102) e vínculo estatutário (n=74). As maiores médias encontradas foram Realização Pessoal e Profissional (M=3.47; DP=0.65), Atividades Desafiantes (M=3.50; DP=0.68), e Excesso de Serviços e Escassez de Tempo (M=3.51; DP=0.85). Os resultados apontam que as Condições para a Criatividade no Trabalho contribuem significativamente para as três dimensões de BET, demonstrando a importância de promover um contexto propício à criatividade e ao bem-estar dos trabalhadores.(AU)

This is a quantitative correlational study aiming to test a model in which Well-Being at Work (WBW) is explained by the Favorable and Unfavorable Conditions for Creativity in the Work Environment of psychologists who work in the Specialized Reference Centers for Social Assistance in Minas Gerais (CREAS-MG). After approval by the Ethics Committee, contacts of the centers were located via public digital file. The invitation was sent by e-mail with the link to access the Informed Consent Form; Questionnaire with Demographic and Functional Data; Workplace Well-Being Scale; and Indicators of Conditions for Creating in the Workplace. The WBW measures Positive Affection, Negative Affection, and Personal and Professional Fulfillment; alongside six Favorable Conditions and three Unfavorable Conditions for Creativity at Work. Multidimensional scales provide evidence of validity and a five-point Likert response. Data were analyzed based on descriptive and inferential statistics, standard multiple regression to test the model and Cronbach's Alpha to verify the reliability of the scales. The convenience sample consisted of 145 psychologists, mostly women (n=125), with lato sensu post-graduation (n=102), and statutory employment (n=74). The highest means are Personal and Professional Fullfilment (M=3.47; SD=0.65), Challenging Activities (M=3.50; SD=0.68), and Excessive Services and Shortage of Time (M=3.51; SD=0.85). The results indicate that the Conditions for Creativity at Work significantly contribute to the three dimensions of WBW and demonstrate the importance of promoting a context conducive to creativity and well-being of workers.(AU)

Este estudio cuantitativo correlacional tuvo el objetivo de probar un modelo en el que el bienestar en el trabajo (BET) se explica por las condiciones favorables y desfavorables para la creatividad en el ambiente laboral de los psicólogos que laboran en los Centros de Referencia Especializados en Asistencia Social en Minas Gerais. Tras la aprobación del Comité de Ética, se buscaron los contactos de estos centros en un archivo digital público. La invitación enviada por correo electrónico contenía el enlace para acceder al Formulario de Consentimiento Informado, al Cuestionario con Datos Demográficos y Funcionales, a la Escala de Bienestar Laboral y a los Indicadores de Condiciones para la Creación en el Lugar de Trabajo. La medida BET incluye afecto positivo, afecto negativo y realización personal y profesional; mientras que la otra medida cubre seis condiciones favorables y tres condiciones desfavorables para la creatividad en el trabajo. Las escalas multidimensionales proporcionan evidencia de validez y una respuesta Likert de cinco puntos. Para el análisis de datos se utilizó estadística descriptiva e inferencial, regresión múltiple estándar para probar el modelo y Alfa de Cronbach para verificar la confiabilidad de las escalas. La muestra de conveniencia consistió en 145 trabajadores, en su mayoría mujeres (n=125), con posgrado lato sensu (n=102) y empleo estatutario (n=74). Los promedios más altos son el logro personal y profesional (M=3,47; DE=0,65), las actividades desafiantes (M=3,50; DE=0,68), el exceso de servicios y la escasez de tiempo (M=3,51; DE=0,85). Los resultados indican que las condiciones para la creatividad en el trabajo contribuyen significativamente a las tres dimensiones de BET y demuestran la importancia de promover un contexto propicio para la creatividad y el bienestar de los trabajadores.(AU)

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A pandemia de covid-19 provocou intensas mudanças no contexto do cuidado neonatal, exigindo dos profissionais de saúde a reformulação de práticas e o desenvolvimento de novas estratégias para a manutenção da atenção integral e humanizada ao recém-nascido. O objetivo deste artigo é relatar a atuação da Psicologia nas Unidades Neonatais de um hospital público de Fortaleza (CE), Brasil, durante o período de distanciamento físico da pandemia de covid-19. Trata-se de estudo descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência, que ocorreu no período de março a agosto de 2020. No contexto pandêmico, o serviço de Psicologia desenvolveu novas condutas assistenciais para atender às demandas emergentes do momento, como: atendimento remoto; registro e envio on-line de imagens do recém-nascido a seus familiares; visitas virtuais; e reprodução de mensagens de áudio da família para o neonato. Apesar dos desafios encontrados, as ações contribuíram para a manutenção do cuidado centrado no recém-nascido e sua família, o que demonstra a potencialidade do fazer psicológico.(AU)

The COVID-19 pandemic brought intense changes to neonatal care and required health professionals to reformulate practices and develop new strategies to ensure comprehensive and humanized care for newborn. This study aims to report the experience of the Psychology Service in the Neonatal Units of a public hospital in Fortaleza, in the state of Ceará, Brazil, during the social distancing period of the COVID-19 pandemic. This descriptive experience report study was conducted from March to August 2020. During the pandemic, the Psychology Service developed new care practices to meet the emerging demands of that moment, such as remote care, recordings and online submission of newborns' pictures and video images for their family, virtual tours, and reproduction of family audio messages for the newborns. Despite the challenges, the actions contributed to the maintenance of a care that is centered on the newborns and their families, which shows the potential of psychological practices.(AU)

La pandemia de la COVID-19 ha traído cambios intensos en el contexto de la atención neonatal, que requieren de los profesionales de la salud una reformulación de sus prácticas y el desarrollo de nuevas estrategias para asegurar una atención integral y humanizada al recién nacido. El objetivo de este artículo es reportar la experiencia del Servicio de Psicología en las Unidades Neonatales de un hospital público de Fortaleza, en Ceará, Brasil, durante el periodo de distanciamiento físico en la pandemia de la COVID-19. Se trata de un estudio descriptivo, un reporte de experiencia, que se llevó a cabo de marzo a agosto de 2020. En el contexto pandémico, el servicio de Psicología desarrolló nuevas conductas asistenciales para atender a las demandas emergentes del momento, tales como: atención remota; grabación y envío em línea de imágenes del recién nacido; visitas virtuales; y reproducción de mensajes de audio de la familia para el recién nacido. A pesar de los desafíos encontrados, las acciones contribuyeron al mantenimiento de la atención centrada en el recién nacido y su familia, lo que demuestra el potencial de la práctica psicológica.(AU)

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Abstract Background: Poor flexibility is a predictor of reduced physical activity. The association between trunk flexibility and cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs) is not well understood. Objective: To identify the prevalence of CVRFs and their association with trunk flexibility in individuals participating in a community-based health education program. Methods: Volunteers (51 men, 48 women) aged 20-85 years old, participants in a community-based health education program in the city of Santo Antônio de Goiás, Brazil, were selected for this study. Anthropometric measures including body mass, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and waist/height ratio (WHtR) were evaluated. Physical activity level was evaluated based on leisure activity participation, and trunk flexibility was evaluated by the sit and reach test. Data distribution was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test; Pearson's chi-square or Fisher's exact and Student t tests were performed for comparisons. To analyze the association between trunk flexibility and concomitant CVRFs, Spearman's correlation test and linear regression were employed. Statistical significance was defined as p < 0.05. Results: 7.2% of the volunteers had no CVRF, 10.3% had only one CVRF and 82.5% had two or more CVRFs, with no differences between sexes. Increased abdominal adiposity, as assessed by WHtR (p = 0.0097), and systemic arterial hypertension (p = 0.0003) were the most prevalent CVRFs, with differences between age groups. A strong negative correlation was found between mean trunk flexibility and the number of concomitant CVRFs (r = -0.96, p < 0.0028). Conclusion: The strong negative correlation between trunk flexibility and concomitant CVRF indicates an increased risk for cardiovascular events. Therefore, trunk flexibility measurement may be an additional tool for health promotion and prevention of cardiovascular and associated diseases in community health programs.

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Introdução: os cuidados com os trabalhadores é uma importante questão de saúde pública. Objetivo: avaliar os efeitos da ginástica laboral (GL) na flexibilidade da coluna cervical e lombar de servidores do hospital universitário. Materiais e Métodos: trata-se de um estudo experimental. Participaram do estudo, 50 colaboradores distribuídos em dois grupos: Controle (CTL, n=25) e Experimental (EXP, n=25). O grupo CLT não participou das aulas de GL e o grupo EXP realizou 16 sessões de GL, quatro vezes por semana, por quatro semanas. A flexibilidade da coluna cervical e lombar dos participantes foi realizada em dois momentos, antes de iniciarem o programa de GL e após 16 sessões. Resultados: foi verificado que a prática de GL resultou em um aumento da flexibilidade cervical. Em relação à coluna lombar, o período de intervenção não impediu a redução da flexibilidade, no entanto, essa redução foi 50% menor no grupo EXP quando comparado ao grupo CTL. Conclusão: o programa de GL é uma estratégia de intervenção fundamental para a saúde do trabalhador, visto que a flexibilidade é um importante componente da atividade física relacionada à saúde.

Introduction: care of workers is an important public health issue. Objective: to evaluate the effects of occupational gymnastics (OG) on the flexibility of the cervical and lumbar spine of employees at the university hospital. Materials and Methods: this is an experimental study. A total of 50 employees participated in the study, divided into two groups: Control (CTL, n = 25) and Experimental (EXP, n = 25). The CLT group did not participate in the OG classes and the EXP group had 16 OG sessions, which took place four times a week, for four weeks. The flexibility of the cervical and lumbar spine of the participants was assessed in two moments, before starting the OG program and after 16 sessions. Results: it was observed that the practice of OG resulted in an increase in cervical flexibility. Regarding the lumbar spine, the intervention period did not prevent the reduction in flexibility; however, this reduction was 50% lower in the EXP group when compared to the CTL group. Conclusion: the OG program is a fundamental intervention strategy for workers' health, since flexibility is an important component of physical activity related to health.

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PURPOSE/AIM: To evaluate the effect of different veneering liquids used for modeling on microhardness, fracture toughness and biaxial flexural strength of a glass-veneering ceramic. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The manufacturer recommended modeling liquid (ML), distilled water (DW), isopropyl alcohol (IA), 0.5% (P05), 1% (P1), and 2% (P2) polyethylene glycol solutions were mixed with feldspathic ceramic powder to form disc-shaped samples (n=20, 15 mm × 1.2 mm). After sintering, samples were mirror-polished and subjected to Vickers indentation (n=5) for measurement of microhardness and fracture toughness. The remaining 15 samples from each group were subjected to biaxial flexural strength. Data were subjected to one-way ANOVA and Weibull analysis. RESULTS: The microhardness was affected by veneering liquid (p=0.002): DW promoted higher microhardness values than ML and IA. Fracture toughness (p=0.301) and flexural strength (p=0.930) were not affected by the veneering liquid but Weibull parameters were affected. All groups presented surface pores under high magnification. CONCLUSION: Even though the use of DW led to higher values of surface microhardness than the ML, all obtained values are inside the range of enamel microhardness values reported in the literature. Such parameters may affect antagonist wear and should be reported in clinical trials.

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Objective. was to assess flexibility in women with breast cancer who underwent concurrent training (aerobic+resistance) (CT) more static stretching. Methods. This was a controlled pilot study, with 31 women (age 30 to 59) under breast cancer treatment, 14 women were allocated to a training group (TG) who underwent CT more static stretching, concomitant to hospital treatment and 17 women for the control group (CG) who only underwent hospital treatment. The CT more static stretching was performed in 12 weeks with 5 sessions per week, three sessions (aerobic+resistance) and two sessions (stretching exercises) on alternate days. The flexibility of the shoulder was measured by means of the 360º Sanny pendulum goniometer and the flexibility of the lower limbs was assessed through the sit-and-reach test. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA Test and Bonferroni Post-hoc using SPSS 21 software, with α of 5%. Results. The TG presented increased flexibility in the horizontal abduction of the right shoulder (p=0.001) and in the lower limbs (p<0.001), but the CG showed a reduction in the horizontal abduction of the right shoulder (p=0.003). The effect size for horizontal abduction of the right shoulder was medium (p=0.508) and for the lower limbs was large (p=0.839). Conclusion. CT more static stretching may be a therapeutic intervention to increase flexibility of upper and lower limbs in women with breast cancer. (AU)

Objetivo. Avaliar a flexibilidade em mulheres com câncer de mama que realizaram treinamento concorrente (aeróbio + resistência) (TC) mais alongamento estático. Métodos. Este foi um estudo piloto controlado, com 31 mulheres (de 30 a 59 anos) em tratamento para câncer de mama, 14 mulheres foram alocadas em um grupo de treinamento (GT) que realizaram TC mais alongamento estático, concomitante a tratamento hospitalar e 17 mulheres para o grupo de controle (GC) que somente realizaram tratamento hospitalar. O TC mais alongamento estático foram realizados em 12 semanas com 5 sessões semanais, três sessões (aeróbia + resistência) e duas sessões (exercícios de alongamento) em dias alternados. A flexibilidade do ombro foi medida por meio do goniômetro de pêndulo 360º Sanny e a flexibilidade de membros inferiores foi avaliada por meio do teste de sentar e alcançar. Os dados foram analisados usando o Teste ANOVA de medidas repetidas e Post-hoc de Bonferroni no software SPSS 21, com α de 5%. Resultados. O GT apresentou aumento da flexibilidade na abdução horizontal do ombro direito (p=0,001) e nos membros inferiores (p<0,001), mas o GC apresentou redução da abdução horizontal do ombro direito (p=0,003). O tamanho do efeito para abdução horizontal do ombro direito foi médio (p=0,508) e para membros inferiores foi grande (p=0,839). Conclusão. O TC mais alongamento estático podem ser uma intervenção terapêutica para aumentar a flexibilidade de membros superiores e inferiores em mulheres com câncer de mama. (AU)

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Performing flexibility training in an exercise program is important to improve range of motion (ROM). Tendons have a profound impact on the general function of the musculoskeletal system, influence the limitation of ROM, and its structure and mechanical properties can benefit from stretching protocols. The systematic use of lower limbs in locomotion caused the Achilles tendon to become the largest and strongest tendon in the human body. Therefore, understanding the best prescription and frequency of flexibility exercise leads to changes in tendon properties is essential for an appropriate and effective exercise routine. Thus, the aim of this review was to organize and discuss publications about the implications of triceps surae stretching in ROM, as well as its influence on tendon properties. Acute studies show that continuous stretching times between five and 10 minutes cause decreased tendon stiffness, which is not seen in fractionated stretching times less than five minutes. Chronic studies, in turn, also don't present significant results in stiffness with fractionated times and studies with continuous times were not found. Thus, it is not possible to know if a continuous stretching time (longer than one minute) or a total time longer than five minutes but fractionated, can influence the tendon stiffness. (AU)

A realização de treino de flexibilidade como rotina em um programa de exercícios é importante para melhorar amplitude de movimento (ADM). Os tendões têm um impacto profundo na função geral do sistema musculoesquelético, influenciam na limitação da ADM, e sua estrutura e propriedades mecânicas podem se beneficiar de protocolos de alongamento. O uso sistemático dos membros inferiores na locomoção fez com que o tendão de Aquiles se tornasse o maior e mais forte tendão do corpo humano. Portanto, entender qual a melhor prescrição e frequência de exercício de flexibilidade para que ocasione alterações nas propriedades tendíneas é essencial para uma rotina de exercícios adequada e eficaz. Sendo assim, o objetivo dessa revisão de literatura foi organizar e discutir publicações sobre as implicações do alongamento do tríceps sural na ADM, bem como sua influência nas propriedades tendíneas. Estudos agudos mostram que tempos contínuos entre cinco e 10 minutos de alongamento estático causam diminuição da rigidez tendínea, o que não é visto em tempos intervalados inferiores a cinco minutos. Os estudos crônicos, por sua vez, também não apresentam resultados significativos na rigidez com protocolos de alongamento intervalados e estudos com protocolos contínuos não foram encontrados. Dessa forma, não é possível saber se um tempo contínuo de alongamento (superior a um minuto) ou um tempo superior a cinco minutos, intervalado, podem influenciar na rigidez tendínea. (AU)

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ABSTRACT The present study investigated the beneficial effects induced on dancers by the two types of stretching protocol: static and dynamic stretching, in order to elevate the aesthetics of the figures and body positions to the highest level. The subjects were 20 young female dancers divided into two groups: Group DS (n=10), which performed dynamic stretching, and Group SS (n=10), a static stretching, both for six months. A survey, with the aim of assessing perceptions about the benefits induced by the type of stretching performed, and a Sit and Reach Test were administered to the dancers to assess both qualitative and quantitative aspects of flexibility. An independent samples t-test was performed to assess the differences in flexibility between DS and SS group before and after six months, and a Fisher's exact test to analyse their perceptions on the benefits induced by two training protocols. Result was statistically significant after six months and four associations were found (P <0.05). Dynamic stretching brought greater benefits both qualitatively and quantitatively. From the results of the study, it was possible to state that dancers in terms of induced benefits and satisfaction with the performance result achieved, preferred dynamic stretching.

RESUMO O presente estudo investigou os efeitos benéficos induzidos em dançarinos pelos dois tipos de protocolo de alongamento:: alongamento estático e dinâmico, a fim de elevar a estética das figuras e posições corporais ao mais alto nível. Os sujeitos foram 20 jovens bailarinas divididas em dois grupos: Grupo DS (n = 10), que realizou alongamento dinâmico, e Grupo SS (n = 10), alongamento estático, ambos por seis meses. Uma pesquisa, com o objetivo de avaliar as percepções sobre os benefícios induzidos pelo tipo de alongamento realizado, e um Teste Sentar e Alcançar, foram administrados às bailarinas para avaliar aspectos qualitativos e quantitativos da flexibilidade. Um teste t de amostras independentes foi realizado para avaliar as diferenças na flexibilidade entre os grupos DS e SS antes e depois de seis meses, e um teste exato de Fisher para analisar suas percepções sobre os benefícios induzidos por dois protocolos de treinamento. O resultado foi estatisticamente significativo após seis meses e quatro associações foram encontradas (P <0,05). O alongamento dinâmico trouxe maiores University of Salerno (UNISA), Fisciano-SA, Italy benefícios tanto qualitativa quanto quantitativamente. A partir dos resultados do estudo, foi possível afirmar que os bailarinos em termos de benefícios induzidos e satisfação com o resultado de desempenho alcançado, preferem o alongamento dinâmico.

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PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to study the influence of high-pressure (HP) polymerization on the mechanical properties of denture base PMMA resins compared with conventional thermopolymerization and PMMA discs for digital dentures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three groups of blocks were prepared: Probase Hot (Ivoclar Vivadent, Lichtenstein) conventionally heat polymerized at 100°C, Probase Hot heat polymerized at 100°C under HP (200 MPa) and Ivobase CAD (Ivoclar Vivadent, Lichtenstein). Samples for mechanical/physical (n = 30) and samples for viscoelastic (n = 10) characterizations were cut from the blocks. Flexural strength (σf ), elastic modulus (Ef ), hardness, density (ρ), flexural deformation at maximal flexural stress, flexural load energy (Ur ) and viscoelastic properties (E', E'', Tanδ, Tg ) were analyzed using one-way ANOVA (α = 0.05), Scheffé multiple means comparisons (α = 0.05) and Weibull statistics (for σf ). SEM images of the fractured surfaces were obtained. RESULTS: Ef , E', E'' and density of HP polymerized Probase hot were significantly higher than conventional heat polymerized Probase Hot, whereas Tg was significantly lower and σf , Tanδ, hardness, flexural deformation at maximal flexural stress, Ur were not significantly different. The highest values for σf , flexural deformation at maximal flexural stress, Ur and Weibull modulus were obtained with Ivobase CAD. CONCLUSION: HP polymerization does not significantly increase the mechanical properties of denture base resins.

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RESUMO Objetivo: compreender como ocorre o processo de assistência estudantil a universitários em licença médica. Método: estudo de caso, exploratório, descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, realizado entre agosto de 2018 e maio de 2019, em uma universidade pública localizada no sudeste brasileiro. Analisaram-se 46 processos abertos por estudantes; obtiveram-se 15 depoimentos de coordenadores de cursos, professores, estudantes e profissionais da Pró-Reitoria de Assistência Estudantil, além de 12 respostas a um questionário on-line preenchido pelos discentes. Utilizou-se da Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin para o tratamento dos dados. Resultados: há demora na tramitação dos processos, diferenças de conduta no gerenciamento dos casos, falta de credibilidade na condição de saúde do discentee de flexibilização do conteúdo, além de pouco conhecimento sobre o direito à assistência estudantil em situações de licença médica. Faz-se necessária maior divulgação desse direito e sistematização dos trâmites na instituição. Considerações finais: diante das dificuldades apontadas e das demandas apresentadas, explicita-se a necessidade de maior investimento na assistência estudantil que considere os diversos aspectos da vida dos estudantes, em especial a saúde, com orientação no processo ensino-aprendizagem e acompanhamento psicopedagógico nos casos de licença médica.

RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender cómo ocurre el proceso de asistencia estudiantil a universitarios en licencia médica. Método: estudio de caso, exploratorio, descriptivo, de abordaje cualitativo, realizado entre agosto de 2018 y mayo de 2019, en una universidad pública ubicada en el sudeste brasileño. Se analizaron 46 procesos abiertos por estu-diantes; se obtuvieron 15 relatos de coordinadores de cursos, profesores, estudiantes y profesionales de la Pro-rrectoría de Asistencia Estudiantil, además de 12 respuestas a un cuestionario online rellenado por los estudiantes. Se utilizó el Análisis de Contenido de Bardin para el tratamiento de los datos. Resultados: hay demora en la trami-tación de los procesos, diferencias de conducta en la gestión de los casos, falta de credibilidad en la condición de salud del discente y de flexibilización del contenido, además de poco conocimiento sobre el derecho a la asistencia estudiantil en situaciones de licencia médica. Se hace necesaria mayor divulgación de ese derecho y sistematización de los trámites en la institución. Consideraciones finales: ante las dificultades señaladas y las demandas presentadas, se explicita la necesidad de mayor inversión en la asistencia estudiantil que considere los diversos aspectos de la vida de los estudiantes, en especial la salud, con orientación en el proceso enseñan-za-aprendizaje y acompañamiento psicopedagógico en los casos de licencia médica.

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand how the process of student assistance to undergraduates on sick leave occurs. Methods: exploratory, descriptive, and qualitative case study carried out between August 2018 and May 2019 in a public university in the southeast region of Brazil. Forty-six cases opened by students were analyzed. Additionally, 15 accounts by course coordinators, professors, students, and professionals at the Office of the Pro Dean for Student Assistance and answers by 12 students to an online questionnaire were collected. Bardin's content analysis was used to treat the data. Results: there was delay in the processingof the cases, differences in the approaches applied to manage the cases, lack of belief in the existence of the undergraduates' health issues and of content flexibility, and little knowledge about the right to student assistance in situations of sick leave. It was patent that the existence of this right has to be more disseminated and that the procedures at the institution have to be systematized. Final considerations: the mentioned difficulties and presented demands explained the need for greater investments in a modality of student assistance that takes into account the several aspects of students' lives, especially health, providing them with guidance during the teaching-learning process and psychopedagogical follow-up in sick leave cases.

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ABSTRACT The scientific evidence on the profile of trampoline gymnastic athletes is scarce. Considering that the individual trampoline is an Olympic sport, it is important to investigate the characteristics of these athletes in Brazil. The aim of this study was to evaluate anthropometric, physical-motor, maturational, socio-environmental indicators and the sporting potential of Brazilian trampoline gymnasts, investigating differences between age categories. There were 147 athletes participating who competed in the State and Brazilian Championship of Trampoline Gymnastics by Age Group in 2017-2018. A multidimensional battery of tests was carried out, comparing the indicators collected between the categories 9 to 10 years, 11 to 12 years, 13 to 14 years, 15 to 16 years and 17 years or older. The coaches (n = 20) assessed the sporting potential of their gymnasts, in relation to the expectation of success in the future. The results showed statistically significant differences in body size and composition, somatotype, handgrip strength, countermovement jump, flexibility and sporting potential among athletes of different age categories, in both sexes. In addition, 30% of gymnasts showed high sporting potential, according to the perspectives of the coaches. It is concluded that the multidimensional indicators related to the sporting potential of Brazilian trampoline gymnasts vary according to the age category. This study is a pioneer in characterizing the profile of the elite Brazilian trampoline gymnast, using a dynamic approach related to the sporting talent.

RESUMO A evidência científica sobre o perfil de atletas de ginástica de trampolim é escassa. Considerando que o trampolim individual é uma modalidade olímpica, torna-se importante investigar as características desses atletas na realidade brasileira. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar indicadores antropométricos, físico-motores, maturacionais, socioambientais e o potencial esportivo de ginastas de trampolim brasileiros, investigando diferenças entre as categorias etárias. Participaram 147 atletas que disputaram o Campeonato Estadual e Brasileiro de Ginástica de Trampolim por Idades em 2017-2018. Foi realizada uma bateria de testes multidimensional, comparando os indicadores coletados entre as categorias 9-10 anos, 11-12 anos, 13-14 anos, 15-16 anos e 17 anos ou mais. Os treinadores (n = 20) avaliaram o potencial esportivo dos seus ginastas, em relação a expectativa de sucesso no futuro. Os resultados mostraram diferenças estatisticamente significantes no tamanho e composição corporal, somatotipo, força de preensão manual, salto contramovimento, flexibilidade e no potencial esportivo entre os atletas de diferentes categorias etárias, em ambos os sexos. Além disso, 30% dos ginastas apresentaram elevado potencial esportivo, segundo a opinião dos treinadores. Conclui-se que os indicadores multidimensionais relacionados ao potencial esportivo dos ginastas de trampolim brasileiros variam em função da categoria etária. Este estudo é pioneiro na caracterização do perfil do ginasta de trampolim brasileiro de elite, utilizando uma abordagem dinâmica relacionada ao talento esportivo.

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Abstract Introducción: El grado o nivel de deflexión de la aguja dental, en la mayoría de los casos, puede determinar el éxito o fracaso en la técnica de anestesia dental. Objetivo: Medir el grado de deflexión de la aguja dental, comparando 5 diferentes marcas disponibles en la ciudad de Hermosillo, Sonora, México. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio experimental, en el que con ayuda de un modelo creado con un nivel profesional y una jeringa tipo cárpul, se realizaron diversas punciones en un trozo de carne de res, simulando la realización de una técnica lineal de anestesia bucodental. Se tomaron radiografías periapicales de cada una de las punciones, y con ayuda de una malla milimetrada, se realizaron las mediciones. Dentro de cada grupo de agujas, se presentaron diferentes medidas de deflexión, y se obtuvo un promedio de cada marca. El rango abarcó desde los .65 mm hasta 2.1 mm de deflexión, tomando como referencia un plano recto. Conclusiones: Se demostró que la de la marca Septodont®, fue la que presentó menor deflexión a la punción. Es recomendable verificar y examinar el estado de las agujas antes de ser utilizadas para realizar procesos quirúrgicos, y así disminuir riesgos y/o complicaciones postoperatorias.

Resumen Introduction: The degree or level of deflection of the dental needle, in most cases, can determine the success or failure of the dental anesthesia technique. Objective: Measure the degree of deflection of the dental needle, comparing 5 different brands available in the city of Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico. Method: An experimental study was carried out, with a model created with a professional level and a carpul syringe, various punctures were made in a piece of beef, simulating the performance of a linear technique of oral anesthesia. Periapical radiographs of each of the punctures were taken, and with the help of a millimeter mesh, measurements were made. Within each group of needles, different deflection measures were presented, and an average of each brand was obtained. The range ranged from .65 mm to 2.1 mm of deflection, taking as reference a straight plane. Conclusions: It was shown that the Septodont® brand was the one that presented the lowest puncture deflection. It is advisable to verify and examine the condition of the needles before being used to perform surgical procedures, and thus reduce risks and / or postoperative complications.

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Resumen La actual contingencia sanitaria producto del COVID-19 esta impactado significativamente la vida de las personas en todo el mundo, teniendo repercusiones no solo a nivel físico sino también a nivel psicológico. Diversas organizaciones e investigadores a nivel nacional e internacional han llamado la atención sobre las consecuencias a nivel de salud mental que podrían evidenciarse en el corto, mediano y largo plazo. En este contexto, puede evidenciarse la presencia y cronificación de patrones de evitación experiencial a nivel general, en la medida que las personas invierten tiempo y energía en controlar, disminuir, o cambiar sus pensamientos, emociones y sensaciones desagradables frente a la pandemia, el coronavirus-2019 y/o todos los significados que surgen en cada persona. La evitación experiencial o rigidez psicológica puede prolongar el sufrimiento y tener un gran costo psicológico, por lo que la alternativa a este patrón comportamental podría encontrarse en la flexibilidad psicológica.

Abstract The current health contingency resulting from COVID-19 is having a significant impact on the lives of people around the world, having repercussions not only on a physical level but also on a psychological level. Various organizations and researchers at national and international level have drawn attention to the consequences at the mental health level that could be evident in the short, medium and long term. In this context, the presence and chronification of patterns of experiential avoidance can be evidenced at a general level, to the extent that people invest time and energy in controlling, reducing, or changing their unpleasant thoughts, emotions and sensations in the face of the pandemic, the coronavirus-2019 and/or all the meanings that arise in each person. Experiential avoidance or psychological rigidity can prolong suffering and have a great psychological cost, so the alternative to this behavioral pattern could be found in psychological fexibility.

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This study aimed to synthesize and characterize non-woven acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polyamide-6 (P6), and polystyrene (PS) nanofibers, and evaluate their effects on the flexural strength and fracture resistance of fiber-modified polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin. ABS, P6, and PS polymer solutions were prepared and electrospun into fiber mats, which were characterized by means of morphological, chemical, physical, and mechanical analyses. The fiber mats were then used to modify a thermally-activated PMMA resin, resulting in four testing groups: one unmodified group (control) and three fiber-modified groups incorporated with ABS, P6, or PS fiber mats. Flexural strength, work of fracture, and fractographic analysis were performed for all groups. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis or ANOVA tests (α = 0.05). The fiber diameter decreased, respectively, as follows: ABS > P6 > PS. Only the P6 fiber mats demonstrated a crystalline structure. Wettability was similar among the distinct fiber mats, although tensile strength was significantly greater for P6, followed by ABS, and then PS mats. Flexural strength of the fiber-modified PMMA resins was similar to the control, except for the weaker P6-based material. The work of fracture seemed to be greater and lower when the P6 and PS fibers were used, respectively. The fiber-modified groups exhibited a rougher pattern in the fractured surfaces when compared to the control, which may suggest that the presence of fibers deviates the direction of crack propagation, making the fracture mechanism of the PMMA resin more dynamic. While the neat PMMA showed a typical brittle response, the fiber-modified PMMA resins demonstrated a ductile response, combined with voids, suggesting large shear deformation during fracture. Altogether, despite the lack of direct reinforcement in the mechanical strength of the PMMA resin, the use of electrospun fibers showed promising application for the improvement of fracture behavior of PMMA resins, turning them into more compliant materials, although this effect may depend on the fiber composition.

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OBJECTIVES: To synthesize and characterize brushite particles in the presence of acidic monomers (acrylic acid/AA, citric acid/CA, and methacryloyloxyethyl phosphate/MOEP) and evaluate the effect of these particles on degree of conversion (DC), flexural strength/modulus (FS/FM) and ion release of experimental composites. METHODS: Particles were synthesized by co-precipitation with monomers added to the phosphate precursor solution and characterized for monomer content, size and morphology. Composites containing 20 vol% brushite and 40 vol% reinforcing glass were tested for DC, FS and FM (after 24 h and 60 d in water), and 60-day ion release. Data were subjected to ANOVA/Tukey tests (DC) or Kruskal-Wallis/Dunn tests (FS and FM, alpha: 5%). RESULTS: The presence of acidic monomers affected particle morphology. Monomer content on the particles was low (0.1-1.4% by mass). Composites presented similar DC. For FS/24 h, only the composite containing DCPD_AA was statistically similar to the composite containing 60 vol% of reinforcing glass (without brushite, "control"). After 60 days, all brushite-containing materials showed similar FS, statistically lower than the control composite (p<0.01). Composites containing DCPD_AA, DCPD_MOEP or DCPD_U ("unmodified") showed statistically similar FM/24 h, higher than the control composite. After prolonged immersion, all composites were similar to the control composite, except DCPD_AA. Cumulative ion release ranged from 21 ppm to 28 ppm (calcium) and 9 ppm to 17 ppm (phosphate). Statistically significant reductions in ion release between 15 and 60 days were detected only for the composite containing DCPD_MOEP. SIGNIFICANCE: Acidic monomers added to the synthesis affected brushite particle morphology. After 60-day storage in water, composite strength was similar among all brushite-containing composites. Ion release was sustained for 60 days and it was not affected by particle morphology.