RESUMO
Peptides binding overexpressed breast and cervical cancer cell surface proteins can be isolated by phage display technology, and their affinity to their potential receptors can be assessed by molecular docking. We isolated 44 phage clones displaying dodecapeptides with high affinity to HeLa cervical cancer and MDA-MB-231 (MDA) breast cancer cells by repeated biopanning of an MK13 phage library and explored their affinity to specific proteins by molecular docking. Six peptides appeared repeatedly during biopanning: two with affinity to HeLa (H5/H21), and four with affinity to MDA cells (M3/M7/M15/M17). Peptide pairs M3/H5 and H1/M17 had affinity to both cell lines. A systematic review identified Annexin A2, EGFR, CD44, CD146, and Integrin alpha V as potential protein targets in HeLa cells, and Vimentin, Galectin-1, and Annexins A1 and A5 in MDA cells. Via virtual screening, we selected six peptides with the highest total docking scores: H1 (-916.32), H6 (-979.21), H19 (-1093.24), M6 (-732.21), M16 (-745.5), and M19 (-739.64), and identified that docking scores were strengthened by the protein type, the interacting amino acid side chains, and the polarity of peptides. This approach facilitates the selection of relevant peptides that could be further explored for active targeting in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Assuntos
Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Biblioteca de Peptídeos , Peptídeos , Humanos , Peptídeos/química , Peptídeos/metabolismo , Peptídeos/farmacologia , Células HeLa , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/metabolismo , Neoplasias do Colo do Útero/patologia , Proteínas de Neoplasias/metabolismo , Proteínas de Neoplasias/química , Proteínas de Membrana/química , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismoRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Interpersonal violence against women is a major global health problem that may have intergenerational effects. This study investigated associations between maternal experiences of interpersonal violence and other traumatic events and maternal and infant salivary diurnal cortisol in a cohort of adolescent mothers in São Paulo, Brazil. METHOD: Adolescent mothers (14-19 years) participating in a home-visiting intervention were interviewed retrospectively about lifetime and pregnancy violence and trauma exposure. Mothers collected saliva at waking and before bedtime from themselves (n = 23) and their infants (n = 32) at 12 months postpartum. Multivariable regression models were used to examine associations between trauma history variables and salivary diurnal cortisol. RESULTS: Adjusting for the intervention group, infant sex, maternal age, non-supplement medication use, and sample collection time, we found that higher-than-average lifetime trauma exposure was associated with maternal evening cortisol (b = 0.472, p-value = 0.028). Lifetime assaultive violence exposure was also associated with maternal evening cortisol (b = 0.196, p-value = 0.02). Maternal exposure to traumatic events in pregnancy was positively associated with bedtime cortisol levels of infants (b = 0.21, p = 0.01). Trauma variables were not associated with maternal or infant morning cortisol levels. CONCLUSION: Results suggest that maternal trauma history influences both maternal and infant postnatal cortisol regulation as indexed by evening cortisol levels. These results are consistent with models of fetal programming; however, future studies should investigate potential postnatal psychobiological pathways. Lifetime trauma exposure may also become embedded in the maternal hypothalamic-adrenal-pituitary axis regulation. Future studies are needed to consider other biological pathways in the intergenerational transmission of trauma.
Assuntos
Hidrocortisona , Saliva , Humanos , Feminino , Adolescente , Saliva/química , Hidrocortisona/metabolismo , Hidrocortisona/análise , Brasil , Gravidez , Adulto Jovem , Lactente , Mães/psicologia , Mães/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Gravidez na Adolescência/estatística & dados numéricos , Gravidez na Adolescência/psicologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Ritmo Circadiano/fisiologiaRESUMO
The lignocellulosic materials of some plant species are rich in chemical compounds that can serve as a source of natural and environmentally less aggressive biocides for treating wood. The aim of this study was to verify the potential of the lignocellulosic materials (wood and bark) of Ateleia glazioviana and Hovenia dulcis as a natural wood preservative. The extracts were prepared by heating the materials to 100 °C at a concentration of 10%. The wood samples were treated in a laboratory autoclave using the empty cell method. Control samples (untreated) and samples treated with chromated copper borate - CCB (2.5%) were used as a comparison. The accelerated rot test in the laboratory was carried out using a sample of the colony of the white rot fungus, Trametes versicolor. Mass loss, solubility in 1% NaOH, scanning electron spectroscopy (SEM) and attenuated total reflection infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) were evaluated. A rotting field test was also carried out in a forest fragment for 180 days and the mass loss, apparent specific mass, ATR-FTIR, and dynamic bending of the wood samples were evaluated. In laboratory tests, natural extractive solutions from the bark and wood of Hovenia dulcis and only from the bark of Ateleia glazioviana have fungitoxic potential against the white rot fungus, when compared to material without preservative impregnations. The resistance of the wood in the field to rot did not obtain significant results with the application of the natural preservatives, and future studies will need to increase the concentration of the extracts in an attempt to improve their performance as natural biocides.
Assuntos
Lignina , Casca de Planta , Madeira , Madeira/química , Madeira/microbiologia , Lignina/farmacologia , Lignina/química , Lignina/análise , Casca de Planta/química , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/químicaRESUMO
Freshwater ecosystem pollution has motivated an extensive list of studies due to deleterious impacts becoming a threat to aquatic organisms that inhabit these environments. This is the first approach to water pollution impact derived from human activities on native ichthyofauna in the Garagoa river basin in Boyacá (Colombian Andes). Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the occurrence of mercury and arsenic in catfishes and armored catfishes from the Garagoa River basin and the presence of hepatic alterations and genotoxicity in peripheral blood. Biomarkers of effect were analyzed in fishes caught in eight tributaries from Garagoa river basin. The increased presence of lesions in the hepatic architecture and nuclear abnormalities in peripheral blood erythrocytes in Dolichancistrus fuesslii, Chaetostoma joropo, Astroblepus latidens and Trichomycterus cf. knerii individuals could be associated with exposure of pollutants. The tissue alterations observed compromise the fish health, due to the biotransformation processes of xenobiotics such as mercury and arsenic and probably other contaminants. We need to increase surveillance in the Garagoa River to ensure ecological health, recognize hematological and tissue effects in native fishes, and develop effective monitoring strategies to mitigate sources of pollution.
Assuntos
Arsênio , Peixes-Gato , Monitoramento Ambiental , Mercúrio , Rios , Poluentes Químicos da Água , Animais , Rios/química , Colômbia , Poluentes Químicos da Água/análise , Mercúrio/sangue , Mercúrio/análise , Mercúrio/toxicidade , Arsênio/análise , Dano ao DNA , Fígado/química , Fígado/patologia , Fígado/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Stryphnodendron adstringens (Mart.) Coville, commonly known as "barbatimão," is native to the Cerrado biome in Brazil and belongs to the botanical family Fabaceae. The objective of this study was to evaluate the biological activity of crude hydroethanolic extracts formulated from the bark, leaves, and stems of S. adstringens. Soluble solids were determined using the incubation drying methodology. Colorimetric methods of complexation with ferric chloride were employed as a qualitative assay to identify the presence of tannins, while phenolics and flavonoids were quantified by the Folin-Ciocalteu method and aluminum chloride complexation, respectively. Antioxidant activity was assessed by the capture of DPPH free radicals. Antibacterial and antifungal analyses in vitro were conducted using the disk diffusion method against Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, and Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii. The MTT assay was used to determine antiparasitic activity against Leishmania amazonensis and to assess cytotoxicity using differentiated THP-1 macrophages. The extracts demonstrated efficacy against yeasts, especially the stem extract against C. albicans (7.62 mm), and against bacteria, with emphasis on the stem and leaf extracts against M. tuberculosis (both 9 mm). All extracts exhibited high antioxidant capacity, particularly the leaf and stem extracts (both over 92%) and low cytotoxicity (Cytotoxic Concentration - CC50 > 300 µg/mL). No extract was effective against L. amazonensis (Inhibitory Concentration - IC50 > 100 µg/mL). In conclusion, S. adstringens is a potential source of compounds with antibacterial properties (particularly against Gram-positive bacteria) and antifungal activity, with low cytotoxicity and high antioxidant activity. This work emphasizes the use of this plant as a source of molecules for the development of drugs against bacterial and fungal infectious diseases, as well as for combating diseases, such as cancer and neurodegenerative disorders, that are linked to cellular and DNA damage due to oxidative stress.
Assuntos
Antifúngicos , Antioxidantes , Fabaceae , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Casca de Planta , Extratos Vegetais , Folhas de Planta , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Casca de Planta/química , Folhas de Planta/química , Fabaceae/química , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antifúngicos/farmacologia , Caules de Planta/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/química , HumanosRESUMO
Abiotic factors play a crucial role in the productivity of agricultural systems, and stress resulting from these factors can significantly restrict crop yields. To address this challenge, the use of tools capable of mitigating adverse effects, such as growth-promoting bacteria, is essential. This study aimed to investigate the growth of maize plants inoculated or not with Azospirillum brasilense, subjected to variations in soil pH and moisture. Two experiments were conducted under controlled conditions, in which maize plants inoculated with A. brasilense were subjected to variations in (i) soil moisture (100, 75, 50, and 25% of field capacity) and (ii) hydrogenic potential (pH 4.5; 5.5; 5.0; 6.0; and 6.5). It was observed that low moisture favored root growth but limited the development of leaves and stems of maize plants at the V4 phenological stage. The increased root development provided by A. brasilense under conditions of water restriction resulted in a reduction in water use efficiency by the leaves. Additionally, more acidic and/or alkaline pH levels also reduced the dry mass of roots and aboveground parts, as well as the carboxylation efficiency of rubisco, but increased water use efficiency (At 25% FC water deficit, WUE increased by 9.5% in rhizobacterium-treated seeds and by 16% in the control). Inoculation with A. brasilense promoted greater development of maize plants, as evidenced by increased volume, root length, and leaf area. Although maize plants showed better initial development without water restriction and in soil with a pH of 5.9, A. brasilense allowed maize plant growth even at pH 5.1, without significant adverse impacts.
Assuntos
Azospirillum brasilense , Umidade , Raízes de Plantas , Zea mays , Zea mays/microbiologia , Zea mays/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Azospirillum brasilense/fisiologia , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio , Raízes de Plantas/microbiologia , Microbiologia do Solo , Folhas de Planta/microbiologia , Solo/químicaRESUMO
We aim was to evaluate the chemical attributes of the soil under the effect of the incorporation of agronomic/lignocellulosic residues, in natura and spent/post-cultivation of mushrooms and the remineralizer from bentonite in Chromic Abruptic Acrisol, in the municipality of Areia, PB, Brazil. The research was carried out in a greenhouse and consisted of 13 treatments, resulting from a 3 × 2 × 2 + 1 factorial arrangement in CRD, with four replications. Data were evaluated for normality and homogeneity of variance using the of Shapiro-Wilk and Bartlett, and when significant then submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA), Scott-Knott means test, and Dunnett at 5% significance. In addition, principal component analysis (PCA) and Pearson correlation were performed. The incorporation of agronomic wastes under in natura conditions and SMS with the remineralizer increased the fertility variables of the Chromic Abruptic Acrisol, with a significant increase in the levels of exchangeable bases, organic carbon, soil organic matter, cation exchange capacity, base saturation, and phosphorus available. The PCA showed that sugarcane bagasse and banana leaf treatments, both in the in natura condition and without incorporation of remineralizer, were the most correlated with the CEC, SB, and V% variables. Then, the application of lignocellulosic waste in the in natura and spent mushroom substrate (SMS) conditions without the use of a remineralizer increases total organic carbon and cation exchange capacity and phosphorus available.
Assuntos
Agaricales , Solo , Agaricales/química , Solo/química , Bentonita/química , BrasilRESUMO
The local communities in Pakistan's remote mountainous regions possess a unique and rich treasure trove of ethnoveterinary knowledge regarding an indigenous medicinal plant that has been passed down through generations for centuries. In these hilly areas, where basic facilities are lacking, residents primarily depend on local plants to treat various veterinary health issues. The aim of our research is to chronicle, explore, and quantitatively assess ethnoveterinary knowledge. The current study documents the use of ethnoveterinary plant medicine for curing different animal ailments. The majority of animal diseases are treated with local herbal medicines extracted from plants. To identify traditional remedies, the survey and information were collected from locals and farmers. Ethnoveterinary information was obtained through semi-structured interviews with 133 informants who were randomly selected from 17 villages, and the data were interpreted using various ethnobotanical indices. Altogether, 41 livestock ailments were documented, and it was concluded that ailments like digestive disorders, mouth and foot diseases, milk deficiency, diarrhea, worm infestation, skin disorders, wound healing, placenta retention, carminatives, and anti-lice are the most prevalent. Eighty-three plants from 36 families, including one species of pteridophyte and gymnosperm and 81 species of angiosperm, were identified for animal health care. Most frequently, plant parts used for ethnoveterinary medicine are leaves (56.8%), shoots (15.9%), fruit (8.87%), seed (8.87%), bark (2.95%), whole plant (2.95%), latex (1.77%), and root (1%). The most common administration is oral, followed by dermal. The inhabitants use leaves, fruits, seeds, shoots, and bark to prepare various oral and topical remedies. The plant species ranked highest in terms of RFC values were Mentha longifolia (0.76), Ajuga bracteosa (0.64), Carthamus oxyacantha (0.53), Brassica campestris (0.46), and Sonchus asper (0.42). Species with the highest use values include Ajuga bracteosa (1.03), Mentha longifolia (0.85), Brassica campestris (0.71), Carthamus oxycantha (0.54), and Sonchus asper (0.51). A high ICF was noted for digestive disorders (0.45), followed by lactation issues (0.41) and dermatological conditions (0.29). Given the enormous potential for popularizing local herbal remedies in the study area, this research underlines the critical need for further investigations to ensure a sustainable and safe utilization of these herbal drugs.
Assuntos
Medicina Tradicional , Fitoterapia , Plantas Medicinais , Paquistão , Humanos , Plantas Medicinais/química , Plantas Medicinais/classificação , Feminino , Masculino , Animais , Adulto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Etnobotânica , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Idoso , Adulto Jovem , Doenças dos Animais/tratamento farmacológico , Medicina VeterináriaRESUMO
Naringenin is a flavonoid known for its anti-inflammatory, antineoplastic, antiatherogenic, and antioxidant properties. However, it has poor technological characteristics and limited bioavailability, which hinder its use in food applications. Nanoencapsulation could address these limitations, but safety concerns regarding nanoengineered bioactives need to be resolved before they can be effectively utilized as food additives. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential cytotoxic, genotoxic, and mutagenic effects of both free and encapsulated naringenin through in vivo experiments using Allium cepa L. roots, along with pharmacokinetic and molecular docking analyses. The results showed that naringenin nanoparticles did not produce significant changes in the cell division index of meristematic cells in A. cepa roots. Additionally, no significant alterations in the mitotic spindle or chromosomal breaks were observed. Molecular docking studies indicated that naringenin effectively binds to the active site of the catalase enzyme (CAT) in a competitive manner, while it attaches to a site away from the active site of superoxide dismutase (SOD2), demonstrating a non-competitive interaction. ADMET property assessments suggested that naringenin exhibits relatively low toxicity and has favorable molecular characteristics for oral administration. In summary, this study supports the potential of naringenin, particularly in its nanoencapsulated form, as a safe and effective ingredient for functional foods, provided that safety concerns regarding nanoencapsulation are adequately addressed.
Assuntos
Flavanonas , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Nanopartículas , Cebolas , Flavanonas/química , Nanopartículas/química , Cebolas/efeitos dos fármacos , Cebolas/química , Animais , Raízes de Plantas/química , Simulação por ComputadorRESUMO
Recent studies have found a high content of polyphenolic compounds in the fruit produced by pomegranate trees (peel, arils, seeds, and capillary membranes). Most polyphenols are generally accepted to be potent antioxidants with anti-inflammatory properties. Pomegranate peel is considered a waste product of the human diet. This value is equivalent to 50% of the weight of the fruit, which is why we propose a comparative analysis of both its antioxidant and microbicidal activity in two of the most cultivated varieties in Mexico, Wonderful (sour) and Valenciana (sweet), to provide added value to products of the region by obtaining products of high biological value via a process of easy industrial scaling.
Assuntos
Antibacterianos , Antioxidantes , Extratos Vegetais , Punica granatum , Antioxidantes/farmacologia , Antioxidantes/análise , Extratos Vegetais/farmacologia , Extratos Vegetais/química , Punica granatum/química , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/análise , Frutas/química , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Polifenóis/análise , Polifenóis/farmacologia , MéxicoRESUMO
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder that affects multiple neurotransmitters, and its exact cause is still unknown. Developing new drugs for PD is a lengthy and expensive process, making it difficult to find new treatments. This study aims to create a detailed dataset to build strong predictive models with various machine learning algorithms. An ensemble modeling approach was employed to screen the DrugBank database, aiming to repurpose approved medications as potential treatments for Parkinson's disease (PD). The dataset was constructed using pIC50 values of various compounds targeting the inhibition of leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2). The best ensemble model showed exceptional predictive performance, with five-fold cross-validation and external validation metrics exceeding 0.8 (Q2cv = 0.864 and Q2ext = 0.873). The DrugBank screening resulted in three promising drugs-triamterene, phenazopyridine, and CRA_1801-with predicted pIC50 values greater than 7, warranting further investigation as novel PD treatments. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were performed to provide a comprehensive understanding of the interactions between LRRK2 and the inhibitors in the data set and best molecules of the screening. Free energy of binding calculation along with hydrogen bond occupancy analysis and RMSD of the ligand in the pocket show CRA_1801 as the best candidate to be repurposed as LRRK2 inhibitor.
Assuntos
Serina-Treonina Proteína Quinase-2 com Repetições Ricas em Leucina , Simulação de Acoplamento Molecular , Simulação de Dinâmica Molecular , Doença de Parkinson , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases , Serina-Treonina Proteína Quinase-2 com Repetições Ricas em Leucina/antagonistas & inibidores , Serina-Treonina Proteína Quinase-2 com Repetições Ricas em Leucina/metabolismo , Doença de Parkinson/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/química , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/farmacologia , Inibidores de Proteínas Quinases/uso terapêutico , Simulação por Computador , Aprendizado de MáquinaRESUMO
In this study, the capacity of the aquatic liverwort Ricciocarpus natans L. and the terrestrial moss Entodon serrulatus Mitt. as biomonitors of heavy metals associated with particulate matter from a highly polluted urban area was evaluated, and concentrations in moss tissues were correlated with concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 present in the atmosphere. The two species were exposed by the moss bag technique to the pollution of the Toluca Valley Metropolitan Area (TVMA) for two periods of 6 months, using the sites of the Automatic Atmospheric Monitoring Network of the Government of the State of Mexico, and were subsequently analyzed using elemental and structural characterization techniques. The results show that mainly the functional groups -OH and -NH, N-H and C-O on the surface of the liverwort and moss participate in the adsorption of heavy elements. The average enrichment factors of Cd and Pb show to be highly enriched (> 10) in the study area while chromium is not enriched (< 2). The statistical results indicate a temporary variation in the concentration of metals and particles in the atmosphere, where there is a lower concentration of these pollutants in the rainy and dry-cold season and a higher concentration in the dry-hot season and a possible association of Cr and Cd with PM10 and PM2.5. In addition, except for Cr, both species accumulate the metals associated with airborne particulate matter at equivalent levels. There is strong association between PM2.5 and PM10 particles and between the metals Cr-Pb-Fe in R. natans and between PM2.5-PM10 and Fe and between Cd-Cr-Pb in E. serrulatus and these pollutants are mainly associated with sampling sites with the highest concentrations of metals in the TVMA. Although terrestrial moss showed slightly better characteristics than aquatic liverwort as a biomonitor of heavy metals associated with atmospheric particles, these differences were not statistically significant for all metals, so both species could be useful for heavy metal biomonitoring in highly polluted urban areas.
Assuntos
Briófitas , Monitoramento Ambiental , Hepatófitas , Metais Pesados , Material Particulado , Metais Pesados/análise , Material Particulado/análise , Monitoramento Ambiental/métodos , Hepatófitas/metabolismo , Hepatófitas/química , Briófitas/química , Briófitas/metabolismo , Poluentes Atmosféricos/análise , México , Monitoramento BiológicoRESUMO
The Zygocotylidae Ward, 1917 is a compact family of amphistome digeneans that until now comprised 2 genera, each represented by a single species: Zygocotyle lunata (Diesing, 1836) Stunkard, 1916 and Wardius zibethicus Barker and East, 1915 in Barker 1915. Despite highly similar morphology, these genera are separated based on the presence (Zygocotyle) or absence (Wardius) of posterolateral projections (=lappets) on the ventral sucker and esophageal bulb. In the present study, we generated partial large ribosomal subunit (28S), internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) rDNA, and cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) sequences of Z. lunata from several hosts (12 avian and 1 rodent species) throughout North and South America as well as 28S and COI sequences of W. zibethicus from muskrat in North America. The newly generated 28S sequences were used for sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis. The COI sequences were used for species-level comparisons. Our analysis revealed a close relationship and high sequence similarity between Z. lunata and W. zibethicus. Considering the low morphological and genetic differences, we synonymize ZygocotyleStunkard, 1916 with Wardius Barker and East, 1915 in Barker 1915 and transfer Z. lunata to Wardius as Wardius lunatus (Diesing, 1836) n. comb.
Assuntos
Aves , DNA de Helmintos , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico , Complexo IV da Cadeia de Transporte de Elétrons , Filogenia , RNA Ribossômico 28S , Trematódeos , Infecções por Trematódeos , Animais , Infecções por Trematódeos/parasitologia , Infecções por Trematódeos/veterinária , Trematódeos/genética , Trematódeos/classificação , Trematódeos/anatomia & histologia , DNA de Helmintos/química , Complexo IV da Cadeia de Transporte de Elétrons/genética , RNA Ribossômico 28S/genética , DNA Espaçador Ribossômico/genética , Doenças das Aves/parasitologia , DNA Ribossômico/química , Roedores/parasitologia , Doenças dos Roedores/parasitologia , Alinhamento de Sequência/veterinária , América do Sul , Dados de Sequência Molecular , América do Norte , Teorema de BayesRESUMO
The purpose of this study was to assess the fermentative characteristics of total mixed ration silage (TMR) based on cactus pear and cottonseed cake and its effect on the productive performance and ingestive behaviour of lambs in feedlot. The study was divided into two experimental trials. The first experimental trial evaluated the fermentative quality of the total mixed ration silages, in five replications per treatment, and the second evaluated the productive performance and ingestive behaviour of lambs, in eight replications per treatment, with the treatments being represented by the proportion of cottonseed cake in the TMR (0; 20; 25 and 30% cottonseed cake on dry matter basis). Significant treatment effects (P < 0.05) were observed on yeast population, pH, gas losses, effluent losses, dry matter recovery, ether extract intake, digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber and non-fiber carbohydrates, and on all ingestive behaviour variables except for those of feeding. Thus, cactus pear ensures the fermentative and hygienic quality of total mixed ration silages, regardless of the proportions of cottonseed cake. Therefore, based on the productive performance and ingestive behaviour of feedlot finished Dorper lambs, it is recommended the use total mixed ration silages with 30% cottonseed cake.
Assuntos
Fermentação , Opuntia , Silagem , Animais , Silagem/análise , Opuntia/química , Ração Animal/análise , Carneiro Doméstico/fisiologia , Carneiro Doméstico/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Dieta/veterinária , Fenômenos Fisiológicos da Nutrição Animal , Masculino , Óleo de Sementes de Algodão/administração & dosagem , Digestão , Comportamento AlimentarRESUMO
Male offspring of rats whose mothers consumed sucrose (5% solution) during gestation and lactation were also given the sucrose solution instead of drinking water for 3 months, and subsequently, for 1 month, they were given an aqueous extract obtained from dehydrated fruiting bodies of Pleurotus ostreatus. The offspring that consumed sucrose (experimental group) did not show differences in body weight compared with those that did not consume sucrose (control group), however, total adiposity was higher in the experimental group. In rats that consumed the aqueous extract, a decrease in the amount of cholesterol and triglycerides in blood plasma was observed, total adiposity also decreased and the average size of adipocytes in the visceral area was reduced. Consumption of the aqueous extract of P. ostreatus showed an antihyperlipidemic effect when triglyceride, cholesterol and adipose tissue levels were increased by the consumption of sucrose in rats descended from mothers who also consumed sucrose.
Assuntos
Hipolipemiantes , Pleurotus , Animais , Pleurotus/química , Feminino , Ratos , Hipolipemiantes/farmacologia , Hipolipemiantes/administração & dosagem , Masculino , Gravidez , Sacarose/administração & dosagem , Triglicerídeos/sangue , Ratos Wistar , Colesterol/sangue , Peso Corporal/efeitos dos fármacosRESUMO
Additive manufacturing (3D printing), particularly fused deposition modeling (FDM), has rapidly advanced, offering customized designs, reduced waste, lower costs, and fast prototyping for electroanalytical applications. Herein, the electrochemical secnidazole (SCZ) behavior was studied using additive manufactured electrodes (AMEs) based on commercial carbon black and polylactic acid (PLA) conductive filament. Before use, AMEs were submitted to electrochemical/chemical activation (+1.4 V and -1.0 V, both for 200 s) in basic medium (0.5 mol L-1 NaOH). Under optimized square wave voltammetry (SWV) conditions and using 0.12 mol L-1 Britton Robinson buffer (pH = 2.0) as supporting electrolyte, SCZ exhibited excellent linearity within the concentration range of 2.5 to 250.0 µmol L-1 (R2 = 0.998). The proposed method was successfully applied to detect and quantify SCZ in pharmaceutical and seized samples. The obtained results were statistically similar (95% confidence level) to the values obtained by HPLC. These findings demonstrate that the 3D-printed electrodes developed in this study provide a cost-effective, facile, and highly sensitive platform for on-site SCZ analysis, presenting significant potential for future forensic applications.
Assuntos
Metronidazol , Impressão Tridimensional , Metronidazol/análise , Metronidazol/análogos & derivados , Metronidazol/química , Técnicas Eletroquímicas/métodos , Técnicas Eletroquímicas/instrumentação , Eletrodos , Drogas Ilícitas/análise , Limite de DetecçãoRESUMO
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are priority pollutants. We studied the effect of bioaugmentation using three allochthonous bacterial consortia with increasing diversity: SC AMBk, SC1, and SC4, on the structure and functionality of an artificially and acutely PAH-contaminated soil microbiome. The PAH supplementation increased substrate availability, allowing the inocula to efficiently degrade the supplemented PAHs after 15 days of incubation, become temporarily established, and modify the number of total interactions with soil residents. Sphingobium and Burkholderia, both members of the inoculants, were the major contributors to functional KOs (KEGG orthologs) linked to degradation and were differentially abundant genera in inoculated microcosms, indicating their competitiveness in the soil. Hence, bioaugmentation efficiency relied on them, while further degradation could be carried out by native microorganisms. This is one of the first studies to apply three inocula, designed from naturally occurring bacteria, and to study their effect on the soil's native community through ANCOM-BC. We revealed that when a resource that can be used by the inoculant is added to the soil, a high-diversity inoculant is not necessary to interact with the native community and establish itself. This finding is crucial for the design of microbiome engineering in bioremediation processes.
Assuntos
Biodegradação Ambiental , Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos , Microbiologia do Solo , Poluentes do Solo , Solo , Poluentes do Solo/metabolismo , Hidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos/metabolismo , Solo/química , Bactérias/metabolismo , MicrobiotaRESUMO
A series of new tetrasubstituted α-aminophosphonate derivatives with a methylphosphoserine fragment were described. These compounds were synthesized by a three-component (3-CR) "Kabachnik-Fields reaction." The novel α-aminophosphonates were screened for in vivo anti-inflammatory activity through topical and oral administration routes. All compounds decreased TPA-induced ear edema in a dose-dependent fashion. In this test, compounds 2, 5, and 7 showed the same efficacy (≈ 90%) and higher potency than indomethacin and decreased the inflammatory marker neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Moreover, oral pretreatment and post-treatment with compounds 2-7 reduced CFA-induced paw edema, as did indomethacin or (S)-naproxen. Based on the promising in vivo anti-inflammatory results, we investigated their physicochemical and pharmacokinetics profiles in silico. The analysis also revealed that the novel tetrasubstituted α-aminophosphonates did not break Lipinski's rule of five and had drug-likeness and favorable ADME properties for oral and transdermal administration.
Assuntos
Edema , Organofosfonatos , Animais , Organofosfonatos/química , Organofosfonatos/síntese química , Organofosfonatos/farmacologia , Organofosfonatos/farmacocinética , Camundongos , Edema/tratamento farmacológico , Edema/induzido quimicamente , Masculino , Administração Oral , Anti-Inflamatórios/síntese química , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios/farmacocinética , Anti-Inflamatórios/química , Anti-Inflamatórios/uso terapêutico , Relação Estrutura-Atividade , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/síntese química , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacologia , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/farmacocinética , Anti-Inflamatórios não Esteroides/química , Ratos , Neutrófilos/efeitos dos fármacos , Neutrófilos/metabolismoRESUMO
Organophosphates, such as paraoxon, are widely used as insecticides in agriculture, making their detection in environmental and food samples crucial due to their high toxicity. This study presents the development of an electrochemical sensor for the detection of paraoxon, using a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) modified with electrochemically reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The modification enhanced the sensor's electrical conductivity and electrochemical performance. A novel preconcentration approach, involving potential pulses at -1.0 and 0.0 V, was employed to improve the adsorption of paraoxon on the electrode surface. Detection was performed by square wave voltammetry, and under optimized conditions, the rGO-SPCE sensor exhibited a linear range from 1.0 to 30 µmol L-1, with detection and quantification limits of 0.26 and 0.86 µmol L-1, respectively. The sensor demonstrated excellent repeatability (RSD = 4.22%), reproducibility (RSD = 7.14%), and selectivity (RSD < 9.22%). The method was successfully applied to tap water, grape and apple juices, and canned corn water samples, achieving recoveries of approximately 98% at the lowest concentration (1.0 µmol L-1) with minimal matrix effects. This approach offers a simple, low-cost, and rapid method for paraoxon detection in water and food samples.
Assuntos
Técnicas Eletroquímicas , Grafite , Paraoxon , Grafite/química , Paraoxon/análise , Técnicas Eletroquímicas/métodos , Técnicas Eletroquímicas/instrumentação , Contaminação de Alimentos/análise , Sucos de Frutas e Vegetais/análise , Limite de Detecção , Eletrodos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Análise de Alimentos/métodos , Análise de Alimentos/instrumentaçãoRESUMO
The estrogen receptor (ER) is a nuclear receptor and one of the most extensively researched targets in the study of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Many biosensors and bioassays for estrogenic EDCs use the ligand-binding domain of human ERα (LBD-hERα) as a biological recognition element. However, the LBD-hERα is poorly stable and difficult to produce as a functional LBD-hERα in the E. coli expression system. In this study, we efficiently expressed the functional LBD-hERα tagged with the cyan fluorescent protein, mTurquoise2 (LBD-hERα-mTq2) by the addition of ethanol (3 %) to E. coli suspension during protein expression (> 40 times more compared to without ethanol). We found that ethanol not only promoted the proper folding of LBD-hERα-mTq2, but also prevented the proteolysis of poorly folded recombinant proteins. We established a FRET-based binding assay between a fluorescent estrogen, coumestrol, and the LBD-hERα-mTq2, in which the formation of the complex exhibits a significant degree of FRET. A subsequent competitive binding assay with diethylstilbestrol demonstrates that our system successfully functions as a simple and reliable bioassay to detect estrogenic EDCs.