Factores asociados al no diagnóstico de hipertensión o diabetes en brasileños ≥ 40 años / Factors associated with the non-diagnosis of hypertension or diabetes in Brazilians ≥ 40 years of age

RESUMEN

RESUMEN Se determinaron factores sociodemográficos, de salud, estilos de vida y conductas alimentarias asociados al no diagnóstico de hipertensión y/o diabetes, y se compararon entre diagnosticados y no diagnosticados. Estudio poblacional realizado en Cambé-Brasil, en 386 individuos no institucionalizados seleccionados aleatoriamente. Mediante regresión logística se asoció hipertensión y/o diabetes no diagnosticada con características sociodemográficas, de salud, estilos de vida y conductas alimentarias. Del total de sujetos estudiados el 78% conocía su condición de hipertenso y/o diabético, mientras que el 22% no lo sabía. En análisis ajustados fue menor la probabilidad de hipertensión y/o diabetes no diagnosticada en las mujeres (OR 0,49; IC95% 0,29;0,81), los obesos (OR 0,43; IC95% 0,24;0,75), y los con mala calidad del sueño (OR 0,49; IC95% 0,28;0,86). Aquellos que abusaban del alcohol (OR 2,85; IC95% 1,46;5,54) o consumían frutas ≤4 veces/semana (OR 1,93; IC95% 1,12;3,33) tuvieron mayor probabilidad de tener estas enfermedades sin diagnosticar. Se observan diferencias en los comportamientos de salud de diabéticos o hipertensos no diagnosticados respecto a los diagnosticados. Ser hombre y no tener obesidad se asoció a la presencia de estas enfermedades sin diagnosticar. Los diagnosticados tienen peor calidad del sueño. No obstante, tienen mejores indicadores respecto del consumo abusivo de alcohol y frutas.

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Factors related to non-diagnosis of hypertension and/or diabetes, including socio-demographics, health, lifestyle and eating behaviors were identified and compared between diagnosed and undiagnosed persons. A cross-sectional population-based study was carried out in Cambé, Brazil, among 386 randomly selected non-institutionalized individuals. Using logistic regression, the association between undiagnosed hypertension and/or diabetes and sociodemographic, health and lifestyle characteristics was evaluated. The majority of subjects (78%) knew their hypertensive and/or diabetes condition, while 22% did not. In adjusted analyses, the probability of undiagnosed hypertension and/or diabetes in women, obese, and patients with poor sleep quality was lower than the odds among men (OR 0.49; 95%CI 0.29; 0.81), non-obese participants (OR 0.43; 95%CI 0.24; 0.75) and those with better sleep quality (OR 0.49; 95%CI 0.28;0.86), respectively. Those who abused alcohol versus those who did not (OR 2.85; 95%CI 1.46; 5.54) or consumed fruit ≤4 times a week compared to those who consumed 4 or more (OR 1.93; 95%CI 1.12; 3.33) were more likely to have these undiagnosed diseases. There were differences observed in health behaviors of undiagnosed diabetics or hypertensives compared to those who were diagnosed. Being a man and not being obese were associated with being undiagnosed. Diagnosed individuals had poorer sleep quality. However, they had better indicators regarding alcohol abuse and fruit consumption.