Factores de riesgo asociados al consumo de tabaco, alcohol y otras drogas en adolescentes escolarizados de tres ciudades de Argentina / Risk factors associated with tobacco, alcohol and drug use among adolescents attending secondary school in three cities from Argentina

RESUMEN

El consumo de tabaco, alcohol y otras drogas comienza a temprana edad. Es importante identificar los factores de riesgo asociados al inicio. En 2014, se encuestaron estudiantes de primer año del secundario en Buenos Aires, Córdoba y Tucumán. Respondieron 3172 alumnos (42% de mujeres); edad media de 12,8 años. El 10% había fumado; el 32% había consumido alcohol; el 17% había tenido consumo excesivo durante el último mes, y 8% había consumido, al menos, una droga ilícita en su vida. El índice de búsqueda de emociones alto se asoció al consumo de tabaco (OR 4,25; IC 95% 2,2-8,1), alcohol (OR 5,56; IC 95% 3,73-8,31) y marihuana / paco / cocaína (OR 11,73; IC 95% 5,81-23,69). Tener amigos que consumían tabaco / alcohol se asoció al consumo de tabaco (OR 12,6; IC 95% 7,8-20,5) y alcohol (OR 5,17; IC 95% 4,15-6,40). Tener padres que imponían pocas restricciones en el uso de medios se asoció al consumo de tabaco (OR 3,7; IC 95% 2,1-6,5) y percibir un bajo control y soporte parental (OR 3,02; IC 95% 1,40-6,52) se asoció al consumo de marihuana/paco/cocaína.

ABSTRACT

Tobacco, alcohol and drug use starts at an early age. It is important to identify risk factors associated with initiation. In 2014, a survey was conducted among students attending first year of secondary schools in Buenos Aires, Córdoba, and Tucumán. A total of 3172 students completed the survey (42% were girls); their mean age was 12.8 years old. Findings showed that 10% had smoked; 32% had consumed alcohol; 17% had a heavy drinking episode in the past month; and 8% had used at least one illegal drug once in their lifetime. A high sensation seeking index was associated with the use of tobacco (odds ratio [OR] 4.25, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.2-8.1), alcohol (OR 5.56, 95% CI 3.73-8.31), and marijuana, coca paste or cocaine, (OR 11.73, 95% CI 5.81-23.69). Having friends who smoke or drink was associated with tobacco (OR 12.6, 95% CI 7.8-20.5) and alcohol use (OR 5.17, 95% CI 4.15-6.40). Having permissive parents in terms of media use was associated with tobacco use (OR 3.7, 95% CI 2.1-6.5), and perceiving a low parental support and control (OR 3.02, 95% CI 1.40-6.52) was associated with marijuana, coca paste and cocaine use