Elements of Effective Nutrition Education for Adults with Diabetes Mellitus in Resource-Poor Settings: a Review

ABSTRACT

This review article highlights the key factors that need consideration in planning an effective nutrition education programme for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in resource-poor settings. Type 2 diabetes is increasing to epidemic levels globally. Low socio-economic status is associated with poorer health outcomes and a higher economic burden. Individuals with diabetes cite dietary adherence as the most difficult self-care area. Effective nutrition education achieves the desired goals and outcomes; which include appropriate change in dietary behaviour; improved glycaemic control; plasma lipid levels; blood pressure and body weight; as well as improved potential mediators (knowledge; skills and attitudes). Elements that contribute to a successful nutrition education programme include interventions tailored to the needs; abilities and socio-cultural context of the target group; the active involvement of the patient; a behaviour-focused approach based on appropriate theory; suitable delivery methods and individual/group approaches. Adequate contact time with an educator ( 10 hours); the educator's competence; provision of social support and follow-up intervention are also crucial. Effectively educating diabetic individuals from resource-poor settings in nutrition is a challenging task. It needs innovative and skilled educators who are sensitive to the unique needs of the target group and who use appropriate approaches to address these needs