Increased systemic IL-6 levels point to inflammation as a determinant of renal cell carcinoma development

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most prevalent kidney tumors. Inflammation is believed to be a key factor in its progression and spread since inflammatory markers are generally associated with poor prognosis in RCC patients. Cytokines are cell communication molecules involved in both healthy and pathological processes, including tumor growth and progression. Recent findings suggest that cytokine level measurements could be used for cancer monitoring and prognosis. Methods: This study characterized and compared the levels of different cytokines associated with the classical Th1, Th2, and Th17 immune responses in plasma samples from RCC patients (n = 25) and healthy controls (n = 29). Cytokine levels (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-17A) were evaluated by flow cytometry using a BD Cytometric Bead Array (CBA) kit. Results: No statistical differences in systemic IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-17A, TNF, and INF-γ levels were observed between RCC patients and controls (p > 0.05). However, higher systemic IL-6 levels were observed in RCC patients (p = 0.0034). Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of assessing the impact of IL-6 on RCC pathogenesis and its potential role as a biomarker of disease progression. (AU)