Percepção sobre queda e exposição de idosos a fatores de risco domiciliares / Awareness about falls and elderly people's exposure to household risk factors

RESUMO

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é descrever a percepção sobre quedas dos idosos residentes na comunidade; mensurar a exposição desses indivíduos a fatores de risco domiciliares relacionados; e avaliar a influência do conhecimento sobre queda na adoção de medidas preventivas. O questionário FRAQ-Brasil foi aplicado a 473 idosos, juntamente com um questionário sobre exposição a 20 fatores de risco domiciliares. Associações entre as variáveis foram analisadas utilizando o teste qui-quadrado com intervalo de confiança de 95%. A idade variou de 60 a 95 anos, com média de 70,6 anos; os entrevistados foram principalmente do sexo feminino (58,4%), e renda de 2 salários mínimos (46,3%); a média de acertos no questionário FRAQ-Brasil foi de 19,5 em até 32 pontos e os idosos entrevistados estavam expostos, em média, a 7,8 fatores de risco domiciliares; 180 idosos disseram já terem recebido informações sobre queda. A maioria da população idosa apresenta pouco conhecimento sobre queda. Indivíduos com idade mais avançada e com maior conhecimento sobre queda estão expostos a menos fatores de risco domiciliares, possivelmente pela maior adoção de medidas preventivas através da modificação do ambiente doméstico.

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objectives: to describe the awareness about falls among elderly people living in their households in communities, to measure the other risks that they are exposed to in their homes and to evaluate the influence that knowledge on falling brings in the adoption of preventative measures. Method: The FRAQ-Brazil questionnaire was used on 473 elderly people as well as a questionnaire on elderly people being exposed to 20 household risk factors. Associations between the variables were analyzed using the chi-squared test with a confidence interval of 95%. Results: The age range was between 60 and 95 years with the average being 70.6 years. The majority of those interviewed were female (58.4%) who were earning 2 minimum wages (46.3%). The average amount of correct answers given with the use of the FRAQ-Brazil questionnaire was 19.5 out of 32 points and the elderly participants were, on average, exposed to 7.8 household risk factors. 180 of them stated that they had already received information on falls. Conclusion: The majority of the elderly population displayed little knowledge on falls and were exposed to a variety of daily risk factors. Individuals who were more advanced in years and who had more knowledge on falls, were exposed to less household risk factors. This may well have been due to the adoption of preventative measures through changing domestic environment.