Liquefaction remediation near existing lifeline structures

ABSTRACT

Organized and systematic studies on the phenomenom of liquefaction began after the 1964 Niigata earthquake. Great progress has been made through research, much of it conducted by researchers in Japan and U.S., to develop a dfundamental understanding of the mechanism of liquefaction. A number of in-situ ground improvement methods have been developed to reduce the vulnerability of ground susceptible to liquefaction. May of these methods were developed empirically, and some are very costly to implement. This paper examines the critical factors that influence the effectiveness of live ground improvement techniques which are most suitable for remedial work near existing lifeline structures. Expected cost of using these methods are given, even though the cost data from cases examined is scarce. Advantages and constraints of each of these methods are presented. Eight case histories of remedial work near existing lifeline structures are reviewed.(AU)