Estudio de una cohorte de pacientes con bacteriemias por Enterococcus spp. Factores de riesgo para resistencia de alto nivel a aminoglicósidos / Study of a cohort of patients with Enterococcus spp. Bacteraemia. Risk factors associated to high-level resistance to aminoglycosides

RESUMEN

Objetivos. Analizar una cohorte de pacientes con bacteriemia enterocócica. Pacientes y métodos. Estudio retrospectivo-observacional de adultos ingresados con aislamiento de Enterococcus spp en hemocultivos (Junio 2007-Septiembre 2009). Se revisaron las historias clínicas siguiendo un protocolo que consideraba variables epidemiológicas, clínicas y microbiológicas. El tratamiento con glicopéptidos en pacientes no alérgicos o cepas sin resistencia a ampicilina se consideró “optimizable”. Resultados. Se detectaron 106 episodios (2/1000 pacientes ingresados; 84% E. faecalis); 83% presentaban comorbilidad de base; 88% de adquisición nosocomial/asociada a cuidados sanitarios. El foco fue urinario en 20% y desconocido en 47%; 60% tenían resistencia de alto nivel a gentamicina (RANG); no hubo cepas resistentes a vancomicina o linezolid. Los tratamientos empíricos más usados fueron penicilina-inhibidor de betalactamasas (25%) y glicopéptidos (22%). En el tratamiento definitivo el antibiótico más usado fue glicopéptido (34%), considerándose “optimizado” 21% de tratamientos empíricos y 44% de definitivos. La mortalidad global fue 23% (relacionada 14%). Se asociaron a RANG adquisición nosocomial (OR 6,083; IC95% 1,428-25,915) y no tener foco abdominal (OR 6,006; IC95%1,398-25.805). Se asociaron a mayor mortalidad la gravedad clínica inicial (Pitt > 3) (OR 14,405; IC95%2,236-92,808) y haber recibido un tratamiento empírico activo (OR 8,849; IC95% 1,101-71,429). La incidencia de la serie histórica fue similar y aumentó el porcentaje de RANG en la cohorte más reciente. Conclusiones. La adquisición nosocomial y el no tener foco abdominal se asociaron a RANG; la gravedad clínica inicial y recibir tratamiento empírico activo (que no optimizado) se asociaron a mayor mortalidad. Apreciamos un aumento en el porcentaje de RANG (AU)

ABSTRACT

Objectives. To analyze a cohort of patients with Enterococcus sp. bacteraemia. Patients and methods. Retrospective and observational study of a cohort of non-pediatric in-patients with Enterococcus spp. bacteraemia (June 2007-September 2009). Data collection from clinical records was done according to a standard protocol. We analyzed epidemiological, clinical and microbiological data. Treatment with glycopeptides in non allergic patients or in case of betalactam susceptibility (ampicillin) was considered “optimizable”. Results. Three were 106 cases of bacteraemia (2.2/1000 admitted patients; 84% E. faecalis); 83% had an underlying condition; 88% nosocomial or health related cases. Urinary infection was present in 20% and primary bacteraemia in 47%. High level resistance to gentamicin (HLRG) was present in 60%; there was no vancomycin or linezolid resistance. Most frequent empiric treatments were penicillin-betalactamase inhibitor (25%) and glycopeptides (22%). Most frequent definitive treatment was glycopeptides (34%), being “optimized” 21% and 44% of empiric and definitive treatments, respectively. Mortality was 23% (related, 14%). In the multivariate analysis, risk factors associated with HLRG were nosocomial acquired infection (OR 6.083; 95CI% 1.428-25.915) and no-abdominal origin (OR 6.006; 95CI%1.398-25.805). In multivariate analysis, independent risk factors for mortality were Pitt > 3 (OR 14.405; 95CI%2.236-92.808) and active empiric treatment (OR 8.849; 95CI% 1.101-71.429).). Incidence in previous cohort was similar but HLRG rate has increased. Conclusions. Risk factors associated with HLRG were nosocomial acquired infection and no-abdominal origin. Risk factors for mortality were initial clinical severity and having received active empiric treatment. HLRG rate has increased (AU)