Violencia extrema contra la mujer y feminicidio: del escenario íntimo al tráfico de personas en el Perú / Extreme violence against women and femicide: from the intimate scene to the human trafficking in Peru

RESUMEN

Objetivo: Determinar la incidencia de violencia extrema contra la mujer (VECM) y feminicidio, así como algunos factores de riesgo en el Perú entre los años 2009 y 2014. Método: Investigación observacional de datos secundarios (2009-2014) del Observatorio de Criminalidad del Ministerio Público. Resultados: Tacna (razón de tasas [RT] = 3,144; intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC95%] = 2,622-3,770), Madre de Dios (RT = 2,611; IC95% = 1,828-3,730), Junín (RT = 2,302; IC95% = 2,017-2,627), Ayacucho (RT = 2,101; IC95% = 1,720-2,567) y Huánuco (RT = 1,393; IC95% = 1,199-1,619) tuvieron mayor riesgo de feminicidio. En enero existe mayor riesgo de VECM (RT = 1,329; IC95% = 1,090-1,622) y feminicidio (RT = 1,427; IC95% 1,139-1,789). Existe mayor riesgo de que la VECM culmine en feminicidio cuando la víctima es ≤12 años (odds ratio cruda [ORc] = 8,698; IC95% = 2,482-53,660) o ≥65 años (ORc = 8,263; IC95% = 1,525-173,100), cuando el agresor es desconocido (ORc = 4,697; IC95% = 1,599-19,360), conocido (ORc = 4,216; IC95% = 1,626-13,910), familiar (ORc = 2,150; IC95% = 1,260-3,843) o pareja (ORc = 1,337; IC95% = 1,008-1,772). Conclusiones: Existe mayor riesgo de VECM y feminicidio en enero; asimismo, el riesgo de feminicidio es mayor cuando la VECM se produce en un escenario no íntimo y perpetrado por un desconocido

ABSTRACT

Objective: To determine the incidence of extreme violence against women (EVAW) and femicide; and some risk factors in Peru from 2009 until 2014. Method: Observational research of secondary data (2009-2014) from the Criminality´s Observatory of the Public Ministry. Results: Tacna (RT = 3.144; IC95% = 2,622-3,770), Madre de Dios (RR = 2,611; IC95% = 1,828-3,730), Junín (RR = 2.302; IC95% = 2.017-2.627), Ayacucho (RR = 2.101; IC95% = 1.720-2.567) and Huánuco (RR = 1.393; IC95% = 1.199-1.619) had more femicide risk. There is a greater EVAW risk (RR = 1.329, 95%CI = 1.090-1.622) and femicide risk (RR = 1.427, 95%CI = 1.139-1.789) in January. EVAW is more likely to culminate in femicide when the aggressor is ≤12 years old, (cOR = 8.698, 95%CI = 2.482-53.660), or ≥65 years old (cOR = 8,263, 95%CI = 1.525-173.100), when the aggressor is unknown (cOR = 4.697, 95%CI = 1.599-19.360), known person (cOR = 4.216; 95%CI = 1.626-13.910), a family member (cOR = 2.150; 95%CI = 1.260-3.843) or partner (cOR = 1.337, 95%CI = 1.008-1.772). Conclusions: EVAW and femicide risk are higher in January; also, femicide risk is higher when the VECM occurs in a non-intimate setting and it is perpetrated by an unknown person