Eficacia de una intervención educativa breve sobre el correcto uso de los inhaladores en la prevención de agudizaciones en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica / Effectiveness of a brief educational intervention relating to the correct use of inhalers on the prevention of exacerbation in patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
SEMERGEN, Soc. Esp. Med. Rural Gen. (Ed. Impr.)
; 45(1): 15-22, ene.-feb. 2019. graf, tab
Article
em Es
| IBECS
| ID: ibc-188043
Biblioteca responsável:
ES1.1
Localização: BNCS
RESUMEN
OBJETIVO: Estimar el efecto de una intervención educativa breve dirigida a mejorar la técnica de uso de dispositivos de inhalación sobre la reducción del número de agudizaciones en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) durante un año. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Ensayo clínico aleatorizado con diseño en paralelo y triple ciego. CRITERIOS DE INCLUSIÓN: edad entre 40-75 años, diagnóstico de EPOC y tratamiento con inhaladores. Se seleccionó aleatoriamente a 97 pacientes. Asignación aleatoria estratificada por gravedad espirométrica a 2 grupos: grupo intervención (GI): evaluación de técnica inhalatoria, corrección de errores y visita refuerzo a los 2 y 7 meses, y grupo control (GC): evaluación de técnica inhalatoria y citación anual. Se realizó medición de las agudizaciones a los 12 meses. Variables estudiadas: sociodemográficas, nivel de estudios, IMC, tabaquismo, grado de disnea, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, estadio de EPOC, índice BODEX, técnica inhalatoria, agudizaciones previas. Se realizó análisis mediante inferencia bayesiana utilizando modelos de regresión logística. RESULTADOS: Cincuenta y seis pacientes fueron asignados al GI y 41 al GC. Hubo 16 y 14 pérdidas, respectivamente. En el GI agudizaron el 44,6% de los pacientes frente al 56,1% en el GC, OR ajustada = 0,57 (ICred 95%: 0,22-1,22). Probabilidad posterior OR < 1 = 93%. Las agudizaciones que requirieron ingreso hospitalario presentan un OR = 0,21 (ICred 95%: 0,02-0,76) con probabilidad posterior OR < 1 = 99%. CONCLUSIONES: La intervención educativa muestra eficacia en la reducción del número de agudizaciones
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To predict the effect of a brief educational intervention aimed at improving the inhaler technique on the reduction of exacerbations in patients with COPD over a year. MATHERIAL AND METHODS: A triple blind, randomised controlled clinical trial with parallel design. Inclusion criteria: to be between 40-75 years, having been diagnosed with COPD, and being on treatment with inhalers. A total of 97 patients were randomly selected. They were randomly assigned into 2 groups according to their functional severity measured with spirometry. Intervention group: evaluation of the inhalation technique. Their mistakes were corrected using a brief educational intervention. Reinforcement visits were made in the second and seventh month. CONTROL GROUP: evaluation of the inhalation technique. No educational intervention was made. After 1 year of follow-up, the number of exacerbations in each group was checked. Variables measured: social and demographic, study, dyspnoea level, body-mass index, tobacco use, FEV1, FEV1/FVC, COPD stage, BODEX index, number, type, and inhaler technique, number of previous exacerbations. Bayesian inference analysis was performed using logistic regression models. RESULTS: A total of 56 patients were assigned to de intervention group and 41 to the control one. There were 16 and 14 lost to follow-up, respectively. In the intervention group, 44.6% of the patients had an exacerbation, compared to the control group, with 56.1%. OR adjusted = 0.57 (95% CI: 0.22-1.22). Posterior probability OR < 1 = 93%. Exacerbations which required hospital admission had an OR = 0.21 (95% CI: 0.02-0.75) with posterior probability OR < 1= 99%. CONCLUSIONS: A brief educational technique is an effective method for reducing the number of exacerbations in patients with COPD
Texto completo:
1
Coleções:
06-national
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ES
Base de dados:
IBECS
Assunto principal:
Nebulizadores e Vaporizadores
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Educação de Pacientes como Assunto
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Doença Pulmonar Obstrutiva Crônica
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Hospitalização
Limite:
Adult
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Aged
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Female
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Humans
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Male
Idioma:
Es
Revista:
SEMERGEN, Soc. Esp. Med. Rural Gen. (Ed. Impr.)
Ano de publicação:
2019
Tipo de documento:
Article