Coronary venous anatomy relevant to cardiac resynchronization therapyan angiographic study

ABSTRACT

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in-volves placing a lead through the coronary sinus to pace the left ventricle. However, technical problems arise in the procedure either due to variant anatomy or due to the presence of valves. Information on coronary venous anatomy is scarce in the South Indian population. The aim of this study was to describe the coronary sinus anatomy in patients undergoing CRT implant. Coronary sinus angiograms were used to study the following parameters: (a) Dimensions of coronary sinus (b) Number and distribution of tributaries (excluding middle and great cardiac veins) (c) Diameter of major veins at the origin (d) Angulation of tributaries with CS. Measurements were made using calipers in the dicom viewer. Out of the 24 angiograms studied, only a single tributary of adequate size was noted in 70.8% (17/24) of the cases, which was most commonly a midlateral vein (76.5%). Two prominent tributaries were noted in 29.2% (7/24) of cases. The average diameter of the veins was 3.93 mm and 80.6% of the veins had an obtuse angle of drainage. Anatomical variations in the coronary venous systemin this population suggest that the majority of patients have a single suitable tributary and this is most often the midlateral vein, which is known to have the most favorable outcome. Data obtained in this study will guide clinicians in left ventricular lead placement in the South Indian population leading to greater procedural success

RESUMEN

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