Consecuencias biopsicosociales en población española afectada por un proceso de desahucio / Biopsychosocial consequences in Spanish population affected by an eviction process

RESUMEN

Se determinaron las repercusiones biopsicosociales en población española afectada por un proceso de desahucio. Revisión panorámica en PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, CINAHL, LILACS, CSIC, MEDES, Scielo, Dialnet, Cuiden Plus y Cochrane hasta septiembre de 2018. La estrategia de búsqueda fue (Eviction OR "Home eviction" OR "Housing eviction" OR "Households at risk of eviction" OR Foreclosure) AND ("Health" OR "Mental Health" OR "Psychosocial impact" OR "Impacts on health" OR "Social impact indicators" OR "Social Determinants of Health" OR "Social Indicators"). Se seleccionaron 11 estudios con año de publicación en 2008 y posteriores, cuantitativos o cualitativos. Se midió la calidad y se organizaron los resultados atendiendo al modelo biopsicosocial. Desde el punto de vista físico, se identificó una deficiente autopercepción de la salud y aumentaron las enfermedades crónicas, el dolor y el consumo de fármacos. Psicológicamente, se detectaron pensamientos negativos, emociones recurrentes y aumento de ansiedad, depresión, trastorno mental y estrés postraumático. Socialmente, se describe una afectación de la familia, la descendencia y la persona avalista, así como del sistema sanitario con más visitas médicas y a urgencias. Se identificaron peores indicadores en las mujeres respecto a dolor de cabeza, tabaquismo, autopercepción del estado de salud general, salud mental y malestar mental (mayor depresión, ansiedad y otros tipos de malestar psicológico), y peor autopercepción de la salud en las hijas frente a los hijos. Es necesario un abordaje desde la salud pública, vigilancia epidemiológica, protocolos de actuación y programas de salud para asesorar, diagnosticar, prevenir, proteger y promover la salud de la población afectada

ABSTRACT

The biopsychosocial consequences in Spanish population affected by an eviction process were described in this paper. A scoping review was conducted, consulting the following databases PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, CINAHL, LILACS, CSIC, MEDES, Scielo, Dialnet, Cuiden Plus and Cochrane. The search strategy was (Eviction OR "Home eviction" OR "Housing eviction" OR "Households at risk of eviction" OR Foreclosure) AND ("Health" OR "Mental Health" OR "Psychosocial impact" OR "Impacts on health" OR "Social impact indicators" OR "Social Determinants of Health" OR "Social Indicators").Eleven articles published between 2008 and September 2018 were selected. They followed a quantitative or qualitative methodology. The research quality was measured, and the results were organized according to the biopsychosocial model. From the physical perspective, results described a poor self-perception of health, as well as an increase of chronic diseases, pain, drug consumptions. From the psychological perspective, it was found negative thoughts, recurrent emotions and increased anxiety, depression, mental disorder and post-traumatic stress. From the social perspective, it was found that family, the offspring and the guarantor were affected, as well as the health system with greater medical visits and emergencies. This review showed worse health indicators among women, such as a headache, smoking habits, worse self-perception of health and more mental health disorders (depression, anxiety and other types of psychological distress). Daughters revealed worse self-perception of health than sons. It is necessary an approach from public health, epidemiological surveillance, action protocols and health programs, to advise, diagnose, prevent, protect and promote the health of the Spanish population affected