Consumo de bebidas refrescantes, deportivas y energéticas en adolescentes. Estudio BEENIS / Consumption of soft, sports, and energy drinks in adolescents. The BEENIS study

RESUMEN

INTRODUCCIÓN: Actualmente, la gran oferta de bebidas no alcohólicas se agrupa en refrescantes, deportivas y energéticas, todas ellas con un alto contenido en azúcares y su conocido riesgo de obesidad. Cada vez es más frecuente su consumo y en circunstancias no recomendables, con un elevado riesgo sobre la salud. El consumo real de bebidas deportivas y de energéticas no es bien conocido. OBJETIVO: Conocer los hábitos y el consumo de bebidas refrescantes, deportivas y energéticas en adolescentes. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal descriptivo. Se obtuvieron las encuestas de 4.769 alumnos de 13 a 18años de Sabadell, Barcelona. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de consumo de bebidas refrescantes se observó en el 92,9% de los alumnos y se realizaba preferentemente en momentos de ocio, durante las comidas y en cualquier momento del día. En deportivas fue del 61,7%, preferentemente al realizar deporte y en momentos de ocio. En energéticas fue del 49,2%, principalmente en momentos de ocio (un 49% las mezclaba con alcohol) y al realizar deporte. El consumo simultáneo de los tres tipos fue del 38%, y las bebidas refrescantes siempre eran las más habituales. DISCUSIÓN: Se describe el consumo bebidas deportivas, normalmente incluidas en las bebidas refrescantes, así como el consumo simultáneo de los tres tipos de bebidas y de los momentos en que son consumidas. Disponemos de un diagnóstico del consumo de estas bebidas en los adolescentes de nuestro ámbito que nos permitirá diseñar y evaluar intervenciones educativas para concienciar a la población adolescente y a sus familias

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: The wide range of non-alcoholic drinks are currently grouped as soft (carbonated), sports, and energy drinks, and all of them have a high sugar content, along with their known risk of obesity. Their consumption is increasing and in inadvisable circumstances, as well as an elevated health risk. The real consumption of sports and energy drinks is not well known. OBJECTIVE: To determine the habits and consumption of soft, sports, and energy drinks in adolescents. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was performed in which questionnaires were obtained from 4,769 schoolchildren from 13 to 18years-old from de Sabadell, Barcelona, Spain. RESULTS: The prevalence of consuming soft drinks was observed in 92.9% of the adolescents, and was predominantly done during leisure time, during meals, or any time during the day. In sports it was 61.7%, mainly on practising the sport and in leisure time. In energy drinks, it was 49.2%, mainly in leisure time (they were mixed with alcohol in 49%) and on practising sport. The simultaneous consumption of the three types was 38%, and soft drinks were the most common. DISCUSSION: A description is presented on the consumption of sports drinks, normally included as soft drinks, as well as the simultaneous consumption of the three types of drinks, and the time in which they are consumed. We have a diagnostic tool of consumption of these drinks by adolescents in our setting that will enable us to design and evaluate educational interventions in order to make the adolescent population and their families aware