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Case-fatality rate of SARS-CoV-2 infection during the third and fifth epidemic waves in Spain: Impact of vaccination / Tasa de letalidad de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 durante la tercera y quinta oleadas epidémicas en España: impacto de la vacunación
Martín-Sánchez, V; Ruiz-Garcia, A; Vitelli-Storelli, F; Serrano-Cumplido, A; Barquilla-Garcia, A; Micó-Pérez, R. M; Olmo-Quintanag, V; Calderón-Montero, A; Segura-Fragoso, A.
Afiliação
  • Martín-Sánchez, V; University of León. Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED). Research Group in Gene-Environment Interactions and Health. León. Spain
  • Ruiz-Garcia, A; Department of Health. Madrid Health Service (SERMAS). Spain
  • Vitelli-Storelli, F; University of León. Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED). Research Group in Gene-Environment Interactions and Health. León. Spain
  • Serrano-Cumplido, A; Family and Community Medicine. Bizkaia. Spain
  • Barquilla-Garcia, A; Extremadura Health Service. EAP de Trujillo. Cáceres. Spain
  • Micó-Pérez, R. M; Xàtiva-Ontinyent Department of Health. Fontanars dels Alforins Health Center. Valencia. Spain
  • Olmo-Quintanag, V; Ethical Committee Research with Medicine Hospital Dr. Negrín Gran Canaria Las Palmas. Las Palmas. Spain
  • Calderón-Montero, A; Madrid Health Service (SERMAS). Doctor Pedro Laín Entralgo Health Center. Madrid. Spain
  • Segura-Fragoso, A; Castilla La Mancha University. Health Science Department. Toledo. Spain
SEMERGEN, Soc. Esp. Med. Rural Gen. (Ed. Impr.) ; 49(7): [e102026], oct. 2023. tab
Artigo em Inglês | IBECS | ID: ibc-226085
Biblioteca responsável: ES1.1
Localização: ES15.1 - BNCS
ABSTRACT
Introduction During the first and second epidemic waves in Spain, the SARS-CoV-2 case-fatality rates (CFRs) showed significant differences between Autonomous Communities (ACs). Comparing CFRs in the third and fifth epidemic waves can provide information on the impact of the different vaccination coverages in the ACs. Objective To evaluate the impact of vaccination on COVID-19 CFRs in the third and fifth epidemic waves in Spain, according to sex, age, and AC. Methods This work is an observational, descriptive study which uses data on COVID-19 infections, deaths, and vaccinees published by the Spanish Ministry of Health and the regional Health Departments of the ACs. The third epidemic wave was defined as the period from 26th December 2020 to 19th April 2021, and the fifth wave, from 19th July to 19th September 2021. The CFRs (deaths per 1000 infected [‰]) were calculated according to sex, age group, and AC. The standardized case-fatality ratio (SCFR) was adjusted for age and sex for each wave. We estimated the correlation between CFRs and their change between the two epidemic waves with the vaccination coverages reached at the beginning of the fifth wave. Results The CFR in the fifth wave (5.7‰) was lower than in the third wave (16.5‰). In addition, the CFR in both waves was significantly higher in men than in women, and in older people than in younger ones. A decrease in the CFR between both waves was only observed in those older than 49. A strong direct and positive correlation (R2a=0.8399) was found between vaccination coverage by age group and decrease in CFR between both epidemic waves. Significant differences were seen between ACs in the two waves, as regards both CFRs and SCFRs. When comparing ACs, a direct correlation was observed between vaccination coverage and CFRs in the fifth wave, and also – although weak – between vaccination coverage and decrease in CFR between both waves (AU)
RESUMEN
Introducción Durante la primera y segunda oleadas epidémicas en España, las tasas de letalidad (TL) por SARS-CoV-2 mostraron diferencias significativas entre comunidades autónomas (CC. AA.). La comparación de las TL en la tercera y quinta oleadas epidémicas puede aportar información sobre el impacto de las diferentes coberturas vacunales en las CC. AA. Objetivo Evaluar el impacto de la vacunación sobre las TL de COVID-19 en la tercera y quinta onda epidémica en España, según sexo, edad y CC. AA. Métodos Este trabajo es un estudio observacional, descriptivo, que utiliza los datos de infectados, fallecidos y vacunados por COVID-19 publicados por el Ministerio de Sanidad y las Consejerías de Sanidad de las CC. AA. La tercera onda epidémica se definió como el periodo comprendido entre el 26 de diciembre de 2020 y el 19 de abril de 2021, y la quinta onda, entre el 19 de julio y el 19 de septiembre de 2021. Las TL (muertes por cada 1.000 infectados [‰]) se calcularon en función del sexo, el grupo de edad y la CC. AA. La razón estandarizada de letalidad (REL) se ajustó por edad y sexo para cada oleada. Se estimó la correlación entre las TL y su cambio entre las 2 oleadas epidémicas con las coberturas de vacunación alcanzadas al inicio de la quinta oleada. Resultados La TL en la quinta onda (5,7‰) fue inferior a la de la tercera onda (16,5‰). Además, la TL en ambas oleadas fue significativamente mayor en varones que en mujeres, y en personas mayores que en jóvenes. Solo se observó una disminución de la TL entre ambas oleadas en los mayores de 49 años. Se encontró una fuerte correlación directa y positiva (R2a=0,8399) entre la cobertura de vacunación por grupo de edad y la disminución de la TL entre ambas oleadas epidémicas (AU)
Assuntos

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Coleções: Bases de dados nacionais / Espanha Base de dados: IBECS Assunto principal: Vacinas Virais / Infecções por Coronavirus / Pandemias Limite: Adulto / Idoso / Feminino / Humanos / Masculino País/Região como assunto: Europa Idioma: Inglês Revista: SEMERGEN, Soc. Esp. Med. Rural Gen. (Ed. Impr.) Ano de publicação: 2023 Tipo de documento: Artigo Instituição/País de afiliação: Castilla La Mancha University/Spain / Department of Health/Spain / Ethical Committee Research with Medicine Hospital Dr. Negrín Gran Canaria Las Palmas/Spain / Extremadura Health Service/Spain / Family and Community Medicine/Spain / Madrid Health Service (SERMAS)/Spain / University of León/Spain / Xàtiva-Ontinyent Department of Health/Spain
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Coleções: Bases de dados nacionais / Espanha Base de dados: IBECS Assunto principal: Vacinas Virais / Infecções por Coronavirus / Pandemias Limite: Adulto / Idoso / Feminino / Humanos / Masculino País/Região como assunto: Europa Idioma: Inglês Revista: SEMERGEN, Soc. Esp. Med. Rural Gen. (Ed. Impr.) Ano de publicação: 2023 Tipo de documento: Artigo Instituição/País de afiliação: Castilla La Mancha University/Spain / Department of Health/Spain / Ethical Committee Research with Medicine Hospital Dr. Negrín Gran Canaria Las Palmas/Spain / Extremadura Health Service/Spain / Family and Community Medicine/Spain / Madrid Health Service (SERMAS)/Spain / University of León/Spain / Xàtiva-Ontinyent Department of Health/Spain
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