Síndrome metabólico en la infancia / Metabolic syndrome in the infancy

RESUMEN

El síndrome metabólico es hoy un problema de salud pública. Incluye diferentes grados de hipertensión, intolerancia a la glucosa, resistencia a la insulina, dislipemia aterogénica, obesidad central, a los que se asocian estados proinflamatorios y protrombóticos. Presenta una prevalencia muy alta y creciente; se asocia a estilos de vida poco saludables. Su diagnóstico implica aumentar en 5 veces el riesgo de tener diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y en 2-3 veces el de enfermedad cardiovascular. El diagnóstico clínico es simple y su tratamiento no farmacológico debiera indicarse en todos los pacientes. Falta información sobre el impacto en el riesgo cardiovascular, del uso de fármacos que reducen la resistencia a la insulina (glitazonas) y del efecto de los tratamientos combinados para las dislipemias aterogénicas. La morbilidad y la mortalidad prematuras que acarrea son extraordinariamente costosas. Es necesario prevenir, con el fomento de hábitos saludables de vida (dieta adecuada al gasto calórico y la práctica regular de ejercicio físico)(AU)

ABSTRACT

The metabolic syndrome is turning into one of the principal problems of public health ofthe 21st century. This term is used to indicate that clinical situation that includes differentdegrees of hypertension, intolerance to the glucose, resistance to the insulin, dislipidemiaaterogenic, central obesity with that conditions are associated proinflamatory andprotrombotics. The metabolic syndrome is presented by a very high and increasingprevalencia, which is associated with slightly healthy ways of life. The diagnosis implies increasing in 5 times the risk of suffering diabetes type 2 and in 2 or 3 times that ofcardiovascular disease. The clinical diagnosis is simple and his treatment not pharmacologistmust be indicated in all the patients. The constitutive patology of the syndrome musttreat integrally. Nevertheless, still lacking information about the impact in thecardiovascular risk, of the use of medicaments that reduce the resistance to the insulinand of the effect of the therapies combined for the own dislipidemias aterogenics of theSyndrome. The premature morbidity and mortality that it transports might unbalance thesanitary budget of many developed countries or in routes of development. A prevention isnecessary orientated to fomenting healthy habits of life, such as a diet adapted to thecaloric expense, and the regular practice of physical exercise(AU)