Abscesos hepáticos: análisis retrospectivo de 68 casos / Liver abscess: retrospective review of 68 cases

RESUMEN

Objetivos: Conocer las características clínicas y de las pruebas complementarias de pacientes con abscesos hepáticos (AH) y establecer factores pronósticos. Pacientes y métodos: Análisis retrospectivo de pacientes diagnosticados de AH en el Hospital Severo Ochoa, entre 1989 y 2005. Resultados: Se recogieron 68 pacientes 39 hombres y 29 mujeres; incidencia 26 casos/100.000 ingresos hospitalarios; edad (Me) 63 años. El origen fue biliar (37%), portal (16%), por diseminación hematógena (7%), por inoculación directa (4%), desconocido (35%). La ecografía fue diagnóstica en 43% de casos y la tomografía computarizada en 57%. Los AH fueron mayores a 3 cm de diámetro en 62% de casos y en 28% fueron AH múltiples. Fueron positivos 71% de cultivos de pus y 52% de hemocultivos. Se aisló el germen causal en 73,5% de AH. Se realizó antibioterapia en 100% de pacientes, drenaje percutáneo en 56% y cirugía en 25%. Evolución 13% de complicaciones, 9% de recidivas y 19% de mortalidad. Conclusiones: Cuadro clínico mal definido del AH. Factores asociados a complicaciones enfermedad neurológica o tumoral abdominal, previas y AH múltiples. Factores asociados a mortalidad índice de comorbilidad de Charlson corregido por la edad > 5, índice de Quick < 60% y aparición de complicaciones. Es necesario individualizar la indicación de drenaje en cada paciente

ABSTRACT

Objetive To assess clinical and laboratory features of patients with liver abscesses (LA), and determine prognostic features. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of medical records of patients receiving a diagnosis of LA in the Hospital Severo Ochoa, between 1989-2005. Results: We were able to find 68 patients 39 males and 29 females; the incidence amounts 26 cases/100,000 hospital admissions; mean age 63 years. A biliary source accounted for 37%, 16% were of portal origin, 7% were ascribed to hematogenous dissemination, 4% direct inoculation during a procedure and no cause could be found in 35%. Liver ultrasonography allowed diagnosis in 43% of cases, and CT scan un 57%. Sixty-two percent of LA were larger than 3 cm in diameter; 28% of cases had multiple abscesses. Cultures of abscess fluid were positive in 71%,and blood cultures in 52%. Globally, we were able to isolate the causal microorganism in 73.5% of cases. Hundred percent of patients received antimicrobials, 56% had percutaneous drainage performed and 25% were surgically managed. There were complications in 13%, 9% suffered recurrences and we found a 19% mortality rate. Conclusions: LA has an ill-defined clinical picture. A history of neurological disease or abdominal tumor, and multiple LA are associated with an increased complication rate. Following factors correlated with increased mortality Age-adjusted Charlson’s morbidity index >=5; Quick index < 60% and development of complications. Drainage indication has to be individualized