Inflamación neurogénica: mecanismos y oportunidades dermocosmecéuticas / Neurogenic inflammation: mechanisms and dermocosmeceutic opportunities

RESUMEN

La inflamacion neurogenica cutanea esta surgiendo como la causade diversas condiciones de la piel, asi como de patologias dermatologicas.El intimo contacto y comunicacion entre el sistema inmune y elsistema nervioso periferico es fundamental para la biologia y fisiologiade la piel. Un desequilibrio o disfuncion en esta relacion resultaen el establecimiento de un estado inflamatorio que es reforzado porla sinergia y complementariedad de ambos sistemas celulares. Cadavez hay mas evidencia senalando al termorreceptor TRPV1 como unactor clave en el establecimiento y mantenimiento de la inflamacionneurogenica. Este receptor es activado por estimulos fisicos y quimicos,y su actividad de canal ionico es notablemente incrementada porla accion de agentes pro-inflamatorios como las neurotrofinas, lasinterleucinas, las cininas y el ATP. Un incremento de la actividad deTRPV1 resulta en un aumento de la excitabilidad neuronal que, a suvez, se traduce en la liberacion de los neuropeptidos Sustancia P (SP)y el peptido relacionado con el gen de la calcitonina (ƒ¿-CGRP) queestimulan el sistema inmune, provocando la liberacion de mas factorespro-algesicos. Por tanto, el receptor TRPV1 esta siendo consideradocomo una diana dermatologica y cosmetica, y compuestos que reduzcansu actividad seran dermocosmeceuticos utiles para eltratamiento de diversas condiciones cutaneas (AU)

ABSTRACT

Neurogenic inflammation mechanisms and dermocosmeceuticopportunitiesCutaneous neurogenic inflammation is emerging as the causeof diverse skin conditions, as well as dermatological diseases. Theintimate interplay between the dermal immune system and theperipheral nervous system is central for the biology and physiologyof the skin. A dysfunction in this interaction gives rise to aninflammatory state that is strengthened by the complementarityof both cellular systems. Cumulative evidence is signalling to TRPV1as a key player in the onset and maintenance of neurogenicinflammation. This thermoreceptor is activated by physical andchemical stimuli, and its ion channel activity is notably enhanced bypro-inflammatory mediators such as neurotrophins, interleukin,kinins and ATP. An increment of TRPV1 activity results in anaugment of neuronal excitability which, in turn, induces the releaseof substance P (SP) and ƒ¿-calcitonin gen-related peptide (ƒ¿-CGRP)that paracrinally act and stimulate peripheral immune cellsprovoking the release of additional pro-algesic agents. Therefore,TRPV1 receptor is being considered as a dermatological andcosmeceutical target and compounds that reduce its activity will beuseful dermocosmetics for the treatment of several cutaneousconditions (AU)