Association between periodontal disease and bone mineral densityin postmenopausal women: A cross sectional study

ABSTRACT

Objectives: Both periodontitis and osteoporosis represent major health problems especially in elderly women. Therelationship between the two diseases and oral bone loss is important having significant public health impact inthe prevention of morbidity and mortality related to these disorders. The present study was aimed to investigatethe possible association between osteoporosis and periodontal disease among postmenopausal women residing inGoa, India. Study design: A complete periodontal examination (all teeth except third molar) including plaqueindex (PI), gingival index (GI), clinical attachment loss (CAL) measurement was performed on 80 dentate Goanpostmenopausal women (age ≥ 50 yrs) with generalized chronic periodontitis. Mean alveolar bone loss (ABL)was measured from full mouth intraoral periapical radiographs, by recording the distance from cementoenameljunction (CEJ) and the most coronal portion of alveolar crest at mesial and distal aspect of all teeth exceptcanines and third molars. Systemic bone loss was determined from hand-wrist radiograph of the patientthrough Digital X-Ray Radiogrammetry. Statistical analysis was done to assess the relationships between periodontalvariables and bone mineral density (BMD) after adjusting for age, years since menopause, body massindex (BMI), smoking, number of remaining teeth, PI and GI. Results: Age of the patient, years since menopauseand BMI showed significant correlation with BMD. CAL and ABL showed mildly negative and statistically nonsignificantcorrelation with the BMD. Of all the variables studied, only smoking and BMI were strong predictorsof BMD. Conclusion: Skeletal BMD is related to interproximal ABL and CAL, though not to a statistically significantlevel; implicating postmenopausal osteopenia as a risk indicator for periodontal disease (AU)

RESUMEN

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