Afecções laríngeas, tempos máximos de fonação e capacidade vital em mulheres com disfonia organofuncional / Laryngeal disorders, maximum phonation times and vital capacity in women with organofunctional dysphonia

RESUMO

OBJETIVO: verificar e correlacionar os tempos máximos de fonação (TMF) de vogais, a capacidade vital (CV) e os tipos de afecções laríngeas (AL) de mulheres com disfonia organofuncional (DOF). MÉTODO: pesquisa retrospectiva, transversal, exploratória, não experimental, quantitativa, com banco de dados de medidas de TMF [a, i, u], de CV e de AL de mulheres com DOF; e os testes estatísticos Qui- quadrado e exato de Fisher, para verificar as diferenças entre as variáveis e suas relações e o teste binomial, a fim de verificar a significância de proporção ou percentual da análise descritiva, com p<0,05. RESULTADOS: a maioria (22; 75,86%) apresentou TMF significantemente reduzidos (p=0,0053) e sete (24,14%) TMF normais. A CV normal foi estatisticamente significante (p=0,0001) (26; 89,66%), mas três mulheres (10,34%) a apresentaram reduzida. Houve predomínio significante dos nódulos vocais (p=0,0016) (22; 75,86%), seguido de edema de Reinke (6; 20,69%) e de pólipo vocal (1; 3,45%). Dentre as 22 mulheres (75,86%) que mostraram TMF reduzidos, houve predomínio com CV normal (19; 86,36%), embora sem significância estatística (p=0,558). Das mulheres com TMF normais, todas apresentaram CV normal (7; 100%). A maioria com DOF apresentou CV normal, embora sem significância estatística (p=0,199). CONCLUSÃO: nas mulheres com DOF deste estudo, os TMF reduzidos, a CV normal e a presença de nódulos vocais foram significantes e não houve relação entre as variáveis TMF, CV e AL.

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: to determine and to correlate the maximum phonation times (MPT) of vowels, vital capacity (VC) and laryngeal disorders (LD) for women with benign organic lesions resulting from vocal misuse or abuse (BOL). METHOD: retrospective, transverse, exploratory, non-experimental, quantitative study, with measurement database of MPT [a, i, u], VC and LD of women with BOL, and Chi-Square statistic and exact tests of Fisher in order to investigate the differences between the variables and their relationships and a binomial test in order to check the significance of proportion or percentage of descriptive analysis, with p<0.05. RESULTS: the majority (22; 75.86%) showed MPT significantly reduced (p = 0.0053) and seven (24.14%) normal MPT. The normal VC was statistically significant (p = 0.0001) (26; 89.66%), but three women (10.34%) showed it to be reduced. There was significant dominance of vocal nodules (p = 0.0016) (22; 75.86%), followed by Reinke's edema (6, 20.69%) and vocal polyp (1; 3.45%). Among the 22 woman (75.86%) which showed reduced MPT, there was a predominance with normal VC (19; 86.36%), although no statistical significance (p = 0,558). All the individuals with normal MPT showed VC normal (7; 100%). The majority with BOL showed normal VC, although not statistically significant (p=0,199). There was a predominance of vocal nodules and reduced MPT (16; 72.73%), although not statistically significant (p=0.086). In the correlation of the three variables, most of the subjects presented vocal nodules associated with MPT reduced and normal VC (15; 68.18%), although not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: in women with BOL in this study, the reduced MPT, the normal VC and the presence of vocal nodules were significant and there was no relationship between the MPT, VC and LD.