Os sentidos do parto domiciliar planejado para mulheres do município de São Paulo, São Paulo / The meanings of planned home birth for women from the municipality of Sao Paulo

RESUMO

No Brasil, o parto domiciliar tem sido associado à falta de recursos econômicos e a dificuldades de acesso aos serviços de saúde, uma vez que 98% dos partos ocorrem em hospitais. Entretanto, nos grandes centros urbanos, onde há maior oferta de leitos obstétricos, mulheres de estratos sociais médios têm escolhido o parto domiciliar planejado. Para compreender os sentidos dessa escolha, realizamos uma pesquisa qualitativa na qual entrevistamos 20 mulheres que tiveram parto domiciliar planejado 19 mulheres entrevistadas tinham ensino superior completo; 1 delas tinha ensino superior incompleto; e 10 delas tinham históricos de parto hospitalar. A análise das entrevistas possibilitou caracterizar os sentidos da escolha pelo parto domicilicar em quatro categorias a casa como uma alternativa ao modelo de atenção obstétrica vigente; hospital, um lugar a ser evitado; "Louca não, informada!" repercussões da escolha à margem do sistema de saúde; parto em casa como facilitador do protagonismo das mulheres.

ABSTRACT

In Brazil, giving birth at home rather than in a hospital has been associated with lack of economical resources and with difficulties in accessing health services once 98% of births occur in hospitals. Although there are more obstetric hospitals in big urban cities, women from middle classes have chosen planned home births. This research discusses the meanings of this choice. A qualitative research was carried out and 20 women who planned and had home births were interviewed 19 interviewed women had graduated from a university course, 1 of them had not finished her university course; and 10 women had already given birth in hospitals. The analysis of the interviews revealed the meanings of choosing home births which were divided into four categories home birth as an alternative to the current model of obstetric care; hospital, a place to be avoided; "I am not crazy, I have information about it!" repercussions of home births compared to the health system; home birth plays a role in empowering women.