Blood group antigen expression in the rat colon I. age-dependent and region-related changes.

ABSTRACT

The blood group antigens H, A, B, and Le(b) are oncofetal antigens of the human distal colon. Although these antigens are present in the digestive mucosa of the rat, little is known about their ontogenic expression in the developing rat colon. The present study was undertaken to assess age-dependent and region-related changes of blood group antigens during colonic development and maturation with the aim of determining their fetal phenotype. Antigen expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry using H-, A-, B-, Le(a)-, and Le(b)-specific monoclonal antibodies and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded colon sections from fetal, suckling, weanling, and adult rats. Staining of antigen was analyzed with respect to its locations in colonic goblet cells, brush borders, and columnar cells. H, B, and Le(b) antigens were expressed by goblet cells of the distal colon, beginning at 20 days of gestation, but expression was lost from the colon during the first postnatal week, thus exhibiting a fetal phenotype. H and Le(b), but not B, were also expressed by goblet cells of the fetal proximal colon; however, unlike that of the distal colon, their expression increased progressively during postnatal development until adulthood. Fetal phenotypic expression was observed in the brush border of the proximal and distal colon for H antigen, whereas it was observed in that of the distal colon for B antigen. No fetal phenotypic expression of H, B, and Le(b) by columnar cells of the colon was observed. Antigen A was expressed by goblet cells, brush border, and columnar cells of the entire colon at all ages, in concert with the development and maturation of the colon. Therefore, its expression in the rat colon was not fetal in nature. Le(a) was not detected in the colon at any age, except for some sporadic staining in the Golgi zone of columnar cells of the postnatal proximal colon. In conclusion, these data indicate significant age- and region-related changes of blood group antigen expression in the rat colon. Because the fetal phenotypic expression of H, B, and Le(b) by goblet cells of the distal colon mimics that in the human distal colon, the adult rat colon is a potentially useful model for assessing the effects of cocarcinogenic dietary factors, including ethanol, that may induce reexpression of these so-called oncofetal tumor-associated antigens of the colon.