Pressure-volume relationship of a pulsatile blood pump for ventricular assist device development.

A mathematical model describing the pressure-volume relationship of the Novacor left ventricular assist system (LVAS) was developed. The model consists of lumped resistance, capacitance, and inductance elements with one time varying capacitor to estimate the cyclic pressure generation of the pump using pump volume measurement. The ejection and filling portions of the pump cycle were modeled with two separate functions. The corresponding model parameters were estimated by least squares fit to experimental data obtained in the laboratory. Pressure and volume waveforms obtained from the model were compared with data obtained from laboratory tests and from patients. It performed well in simulating pump operation throughout the entire cycle. This model can be used for the evaluation of LVAS performance, for on-line estimation of an LVAS patient's cardiovascular parameters, for pump controller development, and as a tool for engineer training.