The IR3 gene of equine herpesvirus type 1: a unique gene regulated by sequences within the intron of the immediate-early gene.

ABSTRACT

The complete nucleotide sequence of the inverted repeat component (IR; 12,776 bp each) of the genome of equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) has been determined. Transcription analyses have revealed that the EHV-1 IR sequence encodes at least 6 genes. In this report, we present the DNA sequence and transcriptional characterization of a gene (IR3) that maps entirely within the IR sequences. The IR3 open reading frame (ORF) is located between nucleotides (nt) 6123-6411 of the IR sequence and possesses an ORF of 95 amino acids. Interestingly, this ORF does not show homology to any known herpesvirus gene, suggesting that the IR3 gene is unique to EHV-1. Moreover, the location of the IR3 gene between the immediate-early (IR1) gene and the origin of replication is unique in comparison to the IR gene arrangement of other alphaherpesviruses such as herpes simplex virus type 1 and varicella zoster virus. Putative cis-acting elements flanking the IR3 ORF include a TATA box (nt 5648-5652), a GC box (nt 5600-5605), and three polyadenylation signals (nt 6533-6538, 6648-6653, and 6663-6668). Northern blot analyses identified a 1.0 kb mRNA that exhibits characteristics of a late gene of the gamma-1 class. Northern blot, S1 nuclease, and primer extension analyses revealed that transcription of IR3 initiates within the intron of the immediate-early gene (IR1) on the opposite stand of the genome. Thus, the 5' end of IR3 transcript is antisense to the 5' end of the IR1 mRNA and promoter, and IR3 transcription may regulate the expression of IR1 during late times of infection.