Predictive factors of functional gain in long-term stroke survivors admitted to a rehabilitation programme.

PRIMARY OBJECTIVE: To assess factors that may influence functional gain of patients with chronic sequelae of stroke. RESEARCH DESIGN: Prospective study of 290 stroke patients consecutively admitted to a rehabilitation setting. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Functional Independence Measure Scale (FIM) was used to assess functional capacity. Functional improvement registered during hospitalization (FIM-gain score) was compared to demographic data, stroke sub-type, vascular risk factors, motor deficit, visual hemineglect, aphasia, level of response and sphincter control. FIM-gain score was classified as high-gain (=22) and low-gain (<22). MAIN OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: Two hundred and fifty-two patients who had no prior rehabilitation and were capable of completing the rehabilitation programme were studied (average age 58.4+/-13.9 years; 42.9% women). The mean time from stroke onset to admission was 271.5 days. Average FIM score at admission was 58.8 and at discharge was 81.6. Average FIM Gain was 23.6. The 38% patients admitted later than 6 months after stroke had an average FIM Gain of 19 vs 26 for patients admitted prior to 6 months. Significant predictors of functional improvement were time from stroke onset, age, sitting balance and level of responsiveness. CONCLUSION: The functional improvement scores in persons with stroke beginning a rehabilitation programme at a later stage are 73% of the scores obtained by patients beginning treatment in the first 6 months. FIM score improvement can be predicted by time since stroke onset, age, sitting balance and level of responsiveness.